Biography
Aram KhaChaturian ndiyo Soviet comoser yeArmenia Mvumo, iye munyori weSpartak mabhegi, "Gayane", mimhanzi suite "masquerade".
Aram akaberekwa musi waJune 6, 1903 mumusha weKodjori haasi kure neguta guru reGeorgia. Nenguva isipi mhuri yakatamira kuTiflis. Baba Vejia (Ilya) KhaChaturian aive artisan, muridzi wesangano rinosunga. Akaroora mumwe musha, uyo waakange achiita kubva achiri mudiki, Ilya akatama kubva kumusha kwake kusvika kumusoro, ari pamiganhu neIran, kusvika pakati peGeorgia.
Kumash Sarkarirovna amai vaiva nemakore gumi nemurume wake uye vaiita imba. Vana vashanu vakaberekerwa mumhuri - mwanasikana waAsheni nevanakomana vaginak, Suen, Revhitiko, Aramu, asi musikana akafa mumucheche.
Amai vaifarira kunyorera nziyo dzeAramani, uye mwanakomana weAramu panguva iyoyo panguva iyoyo vakamutamba pane zvese zvakaburuka paruoko: Saucepan kana Copper pelvis. Kushingairira mimhanzi hakuna kugamuchirwa mumhuri, baba vaivavarira kupa dzidzo yakanaka kune vese vanakomana, saka Arami munguva pfupi yakatsunga zvakavanzika zveGymnasium ye princess argutinsky-dollgakomo. Muhudiki, mukomana akanyorwa zviri nyore, kunze kwake, achiri mitauro yeGeorgian uye yeRussia.
Mamiriro ekunze emigwagwa uye allys veguta rakawanda rakawanda rakazara nemimhanzi mimhanzi, iyo yakabhururuka kubva kwese kupi. Nguva zhinji, kuparadzaniswa kwemimhanzi yeRussia kwakagoneswa Fedor Shalyapin, Sergey Rakhmmaninova, Konstantin igumnova. MuTiflis, imba yeItaly opera yaita. Mukomana anoregedza anoshora nziyo uye rwiyo rwevanhu vakasiyana vanogara muguta guru reGeorgia. Baba pavakawana piyano yekare, Aram akadzidza kutora nziyo.
Muna 1921, mukoma mukuru Aram Realeren akasvika kuzara muTiflis, uyo panguva iyoyo kare aigara muMoscow. Ndakadzidza kuMoscow University yeMunyori wenhoroondo, jaya racho rakagara kushanda muMHT. Suren akataurwa zvakanyanya nevavhimi veRussia Theatre: Stanislavsky, Nemirovich-Danchchich, Sollzhitsky, Vakatsikav and Mikhail Chekhov. Kudonha nepfungwa yekugadzira nyika yeArmenia yeArmenia yeArmeni, Suen akauya kumusha kwake kuti atsvage makomendi ane tarenda ekudzidza muMoscow. Pamwe chete nevatambi vari muguta guru reRussia, hama Surenaa Revon naAramu vakaenda.
MuMoscow, vechidiki vakapinda muhupenyu hweguta reguta rine musoro: vakashanyira opera, ballet, kuita kwe symphony orchestras, zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Mudetembi vladimir maluvsky akaitwa fungidziro huru paAram. Mushure megore, KHAChaturi Mikhail Fabianvich Gnesin yakava mudzidzisi wekutanga KhaChaturian, musangano waakaratidza izvo zvakasikwa zvejaya rekugadzira.
Mumhanzi
KHAChaturian, uyo akatanga kudzidza dzidziso yemimhanzi uye zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvakanonoka, pakutanga zvaive zvakaoma kwazvo. Muchikoro, Aramu, kuwedzera piyano, wakashandisa mutambo kune cello. Sampuli yekutanga yekunyora mimhanzi yakanyorwa kuti ibudirire: "Dance for violin uye piyano" ichiri kupinda pigy bank of the violin repertoire. Apedza chikoro ichi, muna 1926, Aram anoenda kumusha kwavo, kwaanoperekedza davi reimba yeimba yetsika.
Muna 1929, KhaChaturian anodzokera kuMoscow, kwaanopinda muMoscow akachengetedzwa kuClass yeMunyori Nikolai Yakovsevich Meskovsky. Zvishandiso zveKhaturian zvakadzidziswa RINOLD GIREE uye Sergey Vasilenko. Mumakore awa aya, Aram anogadzira Suite yeViola nePiano, piyano "toccatu", "vanombwe nemambo". Trio ye piano, violin uye clarinet yakanyanya kukoshesa Sergey Prkofiever, akaronga kune yekutanga yebasa iri muParis. Muna 1933, pachikamu cheMoscow Conservatory yakaitwa neiyo symphony orchestra, "Dhanzi Suite" Inonzwika.
Iyo yekutanga symphony yakava basa rekupedza kudzidza. Mushure mekupedza chikoro chedzidzo muna 1936, KHACHACARARIAN akagadzira iyo yekutanga piano konsati, iyo yakabva yapinda mufundisi weSoviet Pianist Shumba Oporin. Mumabasa eAram anobatanidza kumabvazuva kwekuwirirana kweHarmony uye nziyo dzine mimhanzi neWestern European Musical Tsika. Zvinyorwa zveAram KHACHACHARAAN zvakaitwa naSoviet Vaimbi, L. Kanan, M. Polyakin, Wagetsi
Mumakore ekutanga, Aram KhaChaturian anorayirwa nemutevedzeri wechigaro wemubatanidzwa wevanonyora weUSSR. Anonyora ballet "Mufaro", yekutanga konsati, mimhanzi yeDrama Mikhail Lermontov "Masquerade" uye comedy Lope Waltz kubva suite masquarade akapinda muhuwandu hwemabasa akanakisa emimhanzi yemitambo yeiyo XX Century.
Munguva yehondo, Aram KhaChaturian akabuda kune perm, uko iyo Ballet "maGaylet" maGaylet "maGaylet" nhamba dzayo dzinopenya " Muimbi anovhiringidza "Symphony aine mabhero", mabasa emarasha e "rwiyo rweMutungamiriri Gastello" uye March "magamba ePatriotic". Mumhanzi weMunyori wakaparadzaniswa pane ese-Union radio. Iko kugona kweKHAChaturian maererano nekukoshesa chaiko hurumende yeSoviet, kupa kuumbwa kweiyo stalinist mubairo wandinoita. Pakupera kwehondo, "nziyo dzeArmenia" inoonekwa kubva pasi petenzi. Muna 1946, Aram KhaChaturian anopedzisa contel concert, mugore - iyo yechitatu symphony.
Muna 1948, Aram KhaChaturian ane ruzivo rwekuvhundutsa mushure mekuburitswa kwePolitburo, umo basa rake, pamwe nemimhanzi yeShostakovich naProkfiv, vakatumidzwa mazita. Mushure mekurwiswa kwebato, iro rekutanga basa rakakura reTenzi - Ballet "Spartak" - akaoneka muna 1954. Kubva pakati pemakore makumi mashanu, ballet yakasimba yakapinda mupepeti yezvikwata zvakawanda zvemitambo yemitambo yeUSSR uye kunze kwenyika. Mumhanzi weKhachaturian wakarererwa neSoviet Balllletmusers L. Jacobson, I. Moiseev, Yu. Grigorovich
Kubva pakutanga kwe1950s, Aram KhaChaturian arikuwana nzira yekutanga yekuumbwa paMoscow Conservatory uye muGnesin Institute. Aram Ilyich akaunganidza vaSeviet Soviet Andrei Eshpaya, Rostislav Boyko, Alexei Rybnikova, Mikael Tariverdiev, Mark Mincova, Vladimir Dashkich. Tsigiro yake yakashandiswa naArno Babadzhanyan, Alexander Harutyunyan uye Edward Mirzoyan.
Aram KhaChaturian akaita uye akafamba nemaitiro emafuro makuru eSoviet Union, Europe neAmerica. Muumbi akanyora mimhanzi "Admiral Ushamako", "Jordan Bruno", "Othello", "Soringrad Hondo". Mumakumi matanhatu, akateedzana makomisheni ebundu reViolin, Cello, piyano, mu 70s, mutambi anogadzira akatevedzana sonatas yetambo dziridzwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Aram Ilyich KhaChaturian akaroora kaviri. Kubva panawanano yake yekutanga, akaramba ari mwanasikana waNune, uyo akagamuchira dzidzo yemimhanzi uye akabaya hupenyu hwemabasa echihedheni. Mubatanidzwa wekutanga hauna kugara kwenguva refu. Muna 1933, Aram KhaChaturian, achirambana, aive akaroora kechipiri paNina waanodzidza naye vladimirovna makarova.
Muwanano yechipiri, mwanakomana chete wemunyori Karen akaberekwa, akazova muimbi anozivikanwa. Hukama hweAramu Khachaturian naNina makarova vakataura neTerevhizheni bhaisikopo kubva kuThe Yevanotevera "Kupfuura Rudo", mukusikwa kweizvozvo zvitupa zvehama nemapikicha kubva kumhuri yakabva mumhuri.
Rufu
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hweAram Ilyich akakora nguva dzose chirwere. Muumbi akapedza nguva yakawanda muchipatara.
Muna 1976, Nina Vladimirovna akafa, mushure meizvozvo muimbi pakupedzisira ari snik. Musi waMay 1, 1978, moyo weAramu Khachaturian wakamira. Guva romuimbi riri muIreevan, mupaki rakatumidzwa mushure memabhesi.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Izvo zvinoverengeka zvinonakidza zvechokwadi kubva kuhupenyu hweiyo commoser:- Iyo yekupedzisira kamuri yeBallet "Gayane" Aram Ilyich akanyora isingasviki hafu pazuva. Semhedzisiro, iyo "yekutamba ine maSabers" yakava iyo inonyanya kufarira basa raJoseph Stalin.
- "Anthem Armenia" Aram KhaChaturian akanyudza manheru ezhizha, akagara muhofisi yekushanda yeiyo yerevan imba. Sezvo tangotanga kushumira rwiyo, muimbi akawana kuti mwenje wechiedza mumahwindo emahwindo edzimba dzakavakidzana nevanhu vanoonekwa, vanonhonga kuimba.
- Aram KhaChaturian akada imbwa uye mukuremekedza mbudzana yechipfupi lyj (nezita rezvinyorwa zviviri), paakanyora, akanyora kudaro "rurwere."
- Pane nyaya yekuti Rimwe zuva, ari muSpain, KHACHACHARIAN akashanyira El Salvador Dali. Maererano nengano, musangano wakapera nedanho rekuda kubuda muhunyanzvi hwekunaka pasi pekurira kwe "kutamba nevashandisi" pamberi peiyo commenter. Vanyori Acdota inofungidzirwa kuMikhail Weller.
Shanda
- Dhanzi kweVilin uye piyano - 1926
- Toccata yePiano - 1932
- Dance Suite - 1933
- Symphony nhamba 1 - 1934
- Yekutanga konzati piyano ine orchestra - 1936
- Kutanga konzati yeVielin ne orchestra - 1940
- Ballet "Gayane" - 1942
- Symphony Nhamba 2 "Symphony neBell" - 1943
- Suite kubva kumimhanzi kuenda kune iyo yekutamba "masquerade" - 1944
- Iyo yekutanga konzati ye cello ne orchestra. - 1946.
- Ballet "Sparak" - 1954