Biography
Kuchinja mukurumbira wedetha yevana yemidzi ye chhuvsky kwenguva yakareba yaive imwe yevanyori vakanyanyisa kuwanda kwezana resirivheri. Kupesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, hunyanzvi hweMusiki hwakazviratidza kwete munhetembo uye ngano, asi mune zvinyorwa zvinonetsa.
Nekuda kweiyo isiri -Parade Rondedzero yeCreativity, iyo mamiriro ese mararamiro emunyori akaedza kuzvidza mabasa ake mumaziso eruzhinji. Mabasa mazhinji ekutsvagisa akaita kuti zviitike pakutarisa kune anozivikanwa artist "mamwe maziso". Iye zvino mabasa evaRublicist anoverengerwa sevanhu ve "chinyama" uye vechidiki.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nikolay Kornechukov (zita chairo reiyo nhetembo) akaberekwa musi waKurume 31, 1882 muchokumusoro guta guru reRussia - iro guta reSt. Ekaterina Osipovna amai vake, kuva muranda mumba maDhobariti akakurumbira Soromoni ane mbiri, vakapinda mutsa wakaipa nemwanakomana wake Emmanuil. Muna 1799, mukadzi akazvara mwanasikana waMariya, uye mushure memakore matatu akapa murume wechigari wechigari wechigari weNicholas.
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti hukama hwemhuri dzakanaka dzemhuri dzinowoneka mumaziso enharaunda yenguva iyoyo yaitaridzika kunge mikallares emallians, pamwe chete ivo vairarama makore manomwe. Sekuru vehetembo, uyo aisada kuzorora nekuwedzera, muna 1885, asingatsananguri nezvikonzero, akaita kuti mumwe muroora mumugwagwa aine vana vaviri mumaoko. Sezvo Catherine aisakwanisa kubhadhara dzimba dzakasiyana, pamwe chete nemwanakomana wake nemwanasikana wake, akaenda kuhama dzaOdessa. Zvizhinji gare gare mu autobiographical nyaya "jasi resirivheri remaoko", mudetembi anobvuma kuti guta rekumaodzanyemba harizombove rekwake.
Makore evana emunyori akapfuura mumamiriro ekunze ekuparadza uye hurombo. Amai vevaburidzani vakachinjwa neSweden, chosvika pamakumbo, asi pakanga pasina mari njodzi. Muna 1887, nyika yakaona "kutenderera pamusoro pembichana". MaAri, Gurukota rezvedzidzo I.D. Delianov akakurudzira madhairekitori eGymnasium kuti atore muzvikamu zvevadzidzi chete vana avo vana avo chaivo vaisakwanisa kuita mibvunzo. Nekuda kwekuti chuvsky pasi peiyi "tsanangudzo" haina kukwana, yakabviswa kubva kune yakasarudzika yedzidzo institution mugiredhi re5.
Kuti urege kuwedzera pasina kukanganisa mhuri, jaya racho rakaitirwa chero basa. Pakati pebasa, uyo akaedza kolya, pakanga paine mapepanhau emapepanhau, uye akachenesa pamatenga emadenga, uye nemucheka wekupenga. Munguva iyoyo, jaya racho rakatanga kufarira mabhuku. Akaverenga neyekuuya manhamba neAlexander Duma, akadzidza mabasa eNietzsche nendege, uye nhetembo dzeEdgar Poche dzakatendeukira madekwana pasi pemubvumo werudzi rwechirume.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndangariro dzisingazivikanwe dzikabvumira jaya racho kudzidza Chirungu kuti ridudzire magwaro kubva pashizha, haana kumbotumbuka. Ipapo chhuvsky zvakadaro aisaziva kuti Oleldorf dzidzo dzaive isina mapeji ekuti iwo musimboti wekududzirwa kwakakodzera wakatsanangurwa zvakadzama. Naizvozvo, makore akati gare gare, Nikolai akashanyira England, chokwadi chekuti vagari vemo havana kumunzwisisa, vakashamisika nevabrikiti.
Mutori wenyaya
Muna 1901, akafuridzirwa nemabasa evanyori vanodiwa, uzivi opus anonyora midzi. Mudetembi Vladimir Zhabotinsky, achiverenga basa kubva kuCrust kune crust "Odesspaper" Odessa nhau ", nokudaro achiisa kutanga kwemakore makumi manomwe-ekuverenga bhuku chukovsky. Kuti uwane bhuku rekutanga, nhetembo yakagamuchira 7 rubles. Kwemari yakakura, jaya rakatenge jaya rakabvunzwa nezvemabhurugwa ake nehembe.
Makore maviri ebasa mupepanhau Nikolai seMunyori we "Odessa Nhau" yakatumirwa kuLondon. Mukati megore akanyora zvinyorwa, akadzidza mabhuku ekune dzimwe nyika uye akadzorerwazve manhamba mumuseum. Kwenguva yebhizinesi rwendo, makumi masere nemapfumbamwe mabasa eChukuvsky akaburitswa.
Iye munyori aida briteni awthetism zvekuti mushure memakore mazhinji akashandura mabasa eWhitman uye akazova mupepeti weiyo Old-Searc Wilde, uyo ari mukupenya kweziso akawana chimiro yebhuku reDesiki mumabhuku ese emhuri.
Muna Kurume 1905, munyori anofamba achibva kuSolar Odssa kuenda kuna Rannay St. Petersburg. Ikoko, mutori venhau jaya anokurumidza kuwana basa: Zvinogutswa nemunyori wepepanhau reRussia, uko mishumo yake painoonekwa pakurarama uye kuverenga mabhuku anobudiswa mukamuri rimwe nerimwe.
Singer Leonid Shuv's Subsidy yakabatsira Chuvsky kuti iburitse chiratidzo muchiedza. Satirelas ocal yakagara yakadhindwa mubhuku, uye Alexander Kuprin, Feder Sologb, uye kunyange Tefa pakati pevanyori. Kune makoni ekushingaira uye anti-hurumende inoshanda chuvsky yakasungwa. Gweta rakakurumbira Grunenberg rakakwanisa kuwana mutsara wakasarudzika uye mazuva mapfumbamwe ekununura munyori kubva pamhedziso.
Kupfuurirazve, vabati vevatsigiri "zviyero" uye "NIVA", pamwe ne "kutaura kwepepanhau, uko Nikolai akadhindwa zvinyorwa zvakakomba nezvevanyori vemazuva ano. Gare gare, aya mabasa akapararira pamusoro pemabhuku anoti: "Vanhu uye vanhu uye masks" (1914), "rusarura" (1922), "Kubva kuChkhovv kusvikira nhasi" (1908).
Mukuwa kwa1906, iyo nzvimbo yekugara yemunyori yakava imba yekamuri kuCottage kuKokuvale (chitoro cheiyo finnish bay). Ikoko, munyori aive nerombo rakanaka kuti azivikanwe neiyo Artist Ilya Rimin, Mahotera Vladimir Mayaakovsky naAlexey Tolstoy. Gare gare Chhuvsky akataura nezve tsika dzetsika mune yake memoirs "inodzosera. Zvinovava. Mayovsky. Bruce. Ndangariro "(1940).
Pano, kusembera kwakanyorwa naAlmanac "Chukkal" Burakiswa muna 1979 yakaunganidzwa, Nikoda Hippilov, Nikoxander BLOK, Herbert Mandhelstam. Pakukoka hurumende muna 1916, Chuvsky sechikamu chevatongi vevatori venhau veRussia vakaenda parwendo rwebhizinesi kuenda kuEngland.
Mabhuku
Muna 1917, Nikolai anodzokera St. Petersburg, apo, achitora panyaya yokusarudza Bamba Gorky, zvinotora pamusoro pambiru musoro Vana weDhipatimendi Publishing House. Chukuvsky akaedza pane basa renhau achiri kushanda paAlmanaci "firebird". Akazivhura nyika nyaya itsva yehunyanzvi hwake, ichinyora "huku", "Humambo hwembwa" uye "Chiremba".
GoKLy akaona mumatambudziko emumwe wevanogona kugona uye akapa mudzi "Edza kumufaro" uye ika rimwe basa rekushandisa vana "NIVA". Munyori akanetseka kuti aisazokwanisa kuburitsa chigadzirwa chakanaka, asi kukurudzira pachako kwakawana Musiki. Raive zuva risati ravhenekera.
Ipapo, pamwe nemwanakomana akarwara mwanakomana waKolya, vabaridzi vakadzoka kubva kuimba yekwaSt. Kuti ivhiringidze iyo inopisa inofarira Chado kubva pakurwiswa kwechirwere, mudetembi akatanga kugadzira ngarava yekuenda. Pakanga pasina nguva yekudzidza magamba uye zano.
Iyo bheti yese yaive pakutsanya kwekutsanya kwemifananidzo nezviitiko kuitira kuti mukomana arege kugomera kana kuchema. Saka, basa re "ngarava" rakabudiswa muna 1917 rakazvarwa.
Mushure meiyo October Revolution, Chauvsky inofamba ichitenderedza nyika ine hurukuro uye nemabhiza nemhando dzese dzevaparidzi. Mumakumi maviri emakumi maviri, midzi yemidzi yaMoydodyr naTarakanishche, uye zvakare inoshandura zvinyorwa zvezviyo zvevanhu vevana kuverenga kwevana, izvo zviunganidzwa zve "tsvuku uye" skiok-joke "inobudiswa. Matombo gumi emitemo, mudetembi akaburitsa mumwezve achiti: "Muha-codochoha", "nyonganiso", "Barmalei", "runhare", "Fedorino Gomo", "Aibolit", "Zuva rakabiwa", "Toptygin naLisa".
Midzi yacho yakamhanyira kuburikidza nevaparidzi, vasiri kupatsanurana nebhuku rechipiri, uye vakatevera tambo imwe neimwe yakadhindwa. Basa reChhuvsky rakabudiswa mumagazini "New Robinson", "JOZH", "Bosden", "Chizh" uye "shiri". Kirasi yacho yakanga yakaumbwa nenzira yakadaro kuti pane imwe nguva munyori iyeye airevesa kuti ngano dzaive basa rake raive basa rake.
Zvese zvakachinja mushure mechinyorwa chakaoma chetariro yeKripskaya, umo shanduko isina kudaidza mabasa eMusiki "uye akapokana kuti mumabasa aChuvsky, kwete chete anti-polytic vimbiso, asi Zvakare zvinyepedzedzerwa nhema zvakavanzika.
Mushure meizvozvo, icho chakavanzika chakaonekwa mumabasa ese emunyori: Munyori akakurumbira munyori uye nefungidziro yeFedorino, muFedorino Gomo reFedorino, haana kucherechedza kukosha kwechinhu chinotungamira che Communist bato, uye mune huru yegamba re "jongwe" censors uye airatidza mufananidzo wechida weStalin zvachose.
Kutambudzwa kwakaunza Chukuvsky kusvika padanho rakanyanyisa kupererwa. Midzi uye yakatanga kutenda muchokwadi kuti ngano dzaisada dzaisadikanwa. MunaDecember 1929, tsamba yenhetembo yakabudiswa mu "pepanhau rekuverenga bhuku, aro rakatsaurwa kubva kumabasa ekare, anovimbisa kushandura nzira yekugadzira kwake, achinyora muunganidzwa wenhetembo" anonakidza kuunganidza ". Nekudaro, iro basa kubva muminhenga yake haina kubuda.
Iyo ngarava yehondo yehondo yemakore "Obuch Barmaley" (1943) yakaverengerwa muAnthilogy yeSoviet Nhetembo, uye akabva abata kubva ipapo neStalin. Chukuvsky akanyora chimwe chigadzirwa che "adventures ye bibigon" (1945). Nyaya yacho yakadhindwa muMurzilka, yakarangarira reredhiyo, uye ipapo, achizvidaidza kuti "maonero anokuvadza," akarambidzwa kuverenga.
Kuneta kurwisa vanotsoropodza uye vanyori vemunyori vakadzokera kune chinyorwa. Muna 1962, akanyora bhuku racho "Rarama seHupenyu", mune izvo zvakarondedzerwa "hosha", dzakarova Russian. Usakanganwa kuti veruzhinji vakadzidza zvisikwa zveNakrasov, vakaburitsa muunganidzwa wakakwana wetsanangudzo Nikolai Alekseevich.
Chukuvsky aive ari munyori wenhau kwete chete mumabhuku, asi zvakare muhupenyu. Akaramba achiitira chiitiko, icho icho vanhu venguva yake, nekuda kwekuita kwavo, vaisakwanisa. Muna 1961, nyaya yaSolzhenitsyn "rimwe zuva Ivan Deisovich" akauya kwaari mumaoko ake. Kuva Iye wekutanga kuongorora, chuvsky kune vaviri vane vaviri ne twarvsky yakagutsikana Khrushchevy Khrushchevy Khrushcheva kudhinda basa iri. Alexander paleevich akava munhu asiri wechiGrata, yaive midzi yaimuda kubva kune zviremera mune yechipiri Dacha muPederelkino.
Muna 1964, maitiro emamiriro ezvinhu aJosefu brodsky akatanga. Midzi pamwe chete naMarshak vamwe vevashoma vasina kutya kunyora tsamba kuDare repakati rine chikumbiro chekuburitsa mudetembi. Nhaka yekunyora yemunyori yakachengetedzwa kwete mumabhuku chete, asiwo mumakotoni.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kubva pane yekutanga uye mukadzi wekutanga Chkuvsky akasangana na 18th. Maria Borisovna aive mwanasikana weAccountant weArona-bera Ruvimovich Goldfich Goldfich uye vakadzi veimba (tauba). Mhuri yakanaka haina kubvira yakatambudza midzi yeIvanovich. Pane imwe nguva, vadikani vakatoronga kuti vapukunyuke kubva kuvengwa vese Odessa muCaucasus. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti kupukunyuka hakuna kuitika, muna Chivabvu 1903 vaviri ava vakaroora.
Vazhinji vataura venhau vanouya kumuchato nemaruva. Chokwadi, chuvsky aida kwete bouquets, asi mari. Mushure memhemberero, murume ane hunyanzvi akabvisa ngowani ndokutanga kupfuura vashanyi. Nokukurumidza mushure memhemberero, vachangobva kuchata vakasara muEngland. Kusiyana nemidzi, Maria akagara ipapo mwedzi yakati wandei. Sezvo akanzwa kuti mukadzi aive nepamuviri, munyori akabva atumira kumusha kwake.
Musi waJune 2, 1904, chuvsky akagamuchira teregiramu yekuti mukadzi wake paakabereka mukadzi wake nemukadzi wake zvakachengeteka. Zuva iro Fecholonist akaronga zororo rake ndokuenda kuaccus. Pakudzokera kuSt. Petersburg, manyoro eruzivo uye mararamiro akaunganidzwa muLondon akabvumidzwa kukurumidza kuzviita kuti ave kutsoropodzwa kwekutsoropodza kweSt. Sasha haina dema kwete pasina dich, akamudaidza nemidzi Belinsky. Mushure memamwe makore maviri, yezuro yezuro yemutongi aive pane gumbo pfupi neese bhomba uye rehunyanzvi.
Ipo muimbi wehunyanzvi akatsvaga kutenderera nyika aine hurukuro, mukadzi wake akaunza vana: Lydia, Nikolai naBoris. Muna 1920, Chukuvsky akazova baba zvakare. Mukunda waMaria, iye waakatumidza kuti munhu wose vhezheni, akazova goka remabasa mazhinji emunyori. Musikana akafa muna 1931 kubva ku tuberculosis. Pashure pemakore gumi, mwanakomana mudiki akaurayiwa muhondo, uye mushure memakore gumi nematanhatu, Maria Chauvsky mukadzi haana kuzova.
Rufu
Midzi yaIvanovich yakasiya zera re87 (Gumiguru 28, 1969). Iko kukonzera rufu ndeye viriyo hepatitis. Dacha muPeredelkino, iyo iyo nhetembo yaigara mumakore achangopfuura, yakashanduka kuita chuvsky imba museum.Vanoda zvekusika kwemunyori uye nanhasi vanogona kutarisana nenzvimbo iyo yaakasika maanenge ari ehunyanzvi hwemhizha.
BHAIBHERI
- "Zuva" (ngano, 1933);
- "Sirivha jasi remaoko" (nyaya, 1933);
- "Huku" (Fairy tale, 1913);
- "Aibolit" (Fairy Tale, 1917);
- "Barmalei" (Fairy Tale, 1925);
- "Moydodyr" (Fairy Tale, 1923);
- "Fly-Codochuha" (Fairy tale, 1924);
- "Ospole Barmaley" (Fairy tale, 1943);
- "Adventures yeBibigon" (Tale, 1945);
- "Kuvhiringidzika" (Fairy tale, 1914);
- "Imbwa yembambo" (Fairy tale, 1912);
- "Tarakanische" (Fairy tale, 1921);
- "Runhare" (Fairy Tale, 1924);
- "Toptygin uye Lisa" (Fairy Tale, 1934);