Biography
Wandard kubva kuimba yechiRoma yakati: "Usambokumbira chinhu! Hapana chero chinhu, uye kunyanya avo vane simba kukupfuura iwe. Iwe uchapa uye munhu wese achapa zvese! ".Iyi quotation kubva kubasa risingafi "master uye margarita" inoratidzira hupenyu hweAustrian composer Franz Schanz Schanubert, aiziva vazhinji pane rwiyo "Ave Maria" ("Yechitatu Rwiyo Ellen").
Muhupenyu, haana kurwira kubwinya. Kunyangwe mabasa eAustria uye akagoverwa kubva kuSalons ese eVienna, Schuber akararama zvakanyanya zvisina kunaka. Kana munyori wakatumira jasi rake pamhanza nemabhuru mukati memukati. Ichi chiitiko chakagadziriswa kune vakweretesi uye zvaireva kuti hatina kana chimwezve chekutora kubva kuSchubert. Nekutapira kwekubwinya kungo fletingly fletly, Franz vakafa pazera ra2 31. Asi gare gare, iyi mimhanzi yejeri yakazivikanwa kwete chete munyika yokumusha kwake, asiwo mhirizhonga yeSchuber ndeyechiuru, Nziyo dzechiuru, Waltz, Sonatas, Serenadas, Selenad nevamwe.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Franz Peter Schuber akaberekerwa muAustria, kwete kure neguta rakanakisa reVienna. Mukomana ane zvipo akakura mumhuri yakajairika. Baba vake mudzidzisi veFranz Kuwedzera kuFranz, vakaroora vakawana vamwe vana vana (kubva pavana gumi nevaviri vakaberekerwa 9 vakafa vachipinda).
Hazvishamisi kuti ramangwana Maestro yakaratidza rudo kune zvinyorwa, nekuti mumba make maive neyekuti "anodhonzwa" mimhanzi: mimhanzi. Adhivha, uye mukoma Franho aitoda piyano uye kiyi. Franz Jr. Yakanga yakakomberedzwa nenyika inofadza yenziyo, sezvo mhuri inogamuchira yeSchuperts yaiwanzo gamuchira vaenzi, kuronga manheru manheru.
Kuona tarenda reMwanakomana wake, iro rakachembera makiyi pamakiyi asina kudzidza, vabereki vakazivisa Franz Chikoro cheChechi yeChechi yeVanhu veChechi, uko mukomana akaedza kubata mutambo wemuviri, uye M. Holzer akadzidzisa Vana vechidiki Schubert kune vanzwi venzwi, raakaziva kubwinya.
Pakasvika mumangwana emakore, akagamuchirwa nekongiri mudare reChapel, rakanga riri muVienna, uye vakanyoresa muchikoro nekwavo basa revaenzi, kwaakawana shamwari dziri nani. Mune institution yedzidzo, Schuber akaitira godo akanyatsonzwisisa nemumhanzi anoshambadzira, zvakadaro, masvomhu naLatin vakapa vakomana.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti mune tarenda reiyo mudiki weAustria hapana munhu akapokana. Gosell Ruzhichka, akadzidzisa izwi reFrance bass yeiyo inzwi rakawanda-izwi remimhanzi, neimwe nzira:
"Ini handina chinhu chekumudzidzisa! Iye anoziva kuna She Mwari.Uye muna 1808, Schuber akagamuchirwa nemufaro wevabereki kune iyo yepaya choir. Iye mukomana paakavhura makore gumi nematatu, uye mushure memakore maviri ekutanga jaya, uye mushure memakore maviri aine murume wechidiki akatanga kuroora anonzi Antonio Saleieri mubairo wechidiki weFrance.
Mumhanzi
Kana izwi rekuti Schumert izwi rakatanga kuputsa, mugadziri wechidiki nekuda kwechikonzero chakanangana chakamanikidzwa kusiya basa racho. Baba Franz vakarota kuti akapinda mumisimini emudzidzisi uye akafamba tsoka dzake. Schubert aisakwanisa kumira zvakanyanya kuda kwemubereki wake, saka mushure mekupedza kudzidza kwakatanga kushanda kuchikoro, kwandakadzidzisa mavara ebato diki.
Nekudaro, munhu ane hupenyu hwaive mukuda kwemimhanzi, vashandi veMudzidzisi vakanga vasingafarire. Naizvozvo, pakati pezvidzidzo zvakakonzera kuzvidza pakati peFranz, akagara pasi petafura uye akaumba mabasa, uye akadzidza mabasa eMozart, Beethoven naGlukka.
Muna 1814, akanyora opera "nhume castle Satani" uye misa mafuru. Uye nemakore makumi maviri, Schubert akazova munyori weinenge shanu symphony, sonatas nomwe uye nziyo mazana matatu. Mimhanzi haina kusiya pfungwa dzeSchuber kweminiti: Munyori ane tarenda akamuka kunyange pakati pehusiku kuti ave nenguva yekunyora rwiyo rwakanzwika muchiroto.
Munguva yake yemahara, Austrian akaronga manheru emumhanzi: mumba maSchubert, uyo aisatama kubva piyano uye aigara achiratidza, shamwari dzakajairika dzaionekwa.
Muchirimo cha 1816, Franz akaedza kusvika pachinzvimbo chomusoro wekachel chapel, asi zvirongwa zvake hazvina kufanira kuzadzikiswa. Nenguva isipi Schubert Kutenda kushamwari dzakasangana neiyo yakakurumbira Austrian Bariton Johann foglla.
Yakanga iri muimbi uyu akabatsira Schuber kuti asimbise pahupenyu: Akaita nziyo pasi peFranz achiperekedza mimhanzi yemimhanzi yeVienna.
Asi hazvigoneke kutaura kuti Austria yaive neyakagadzirwa nekhibhodi semugadziko senge, semuenzaniso, beethoven. Haana kugara achifunga zvakakodzera pane kuterera vanhu, saka kutarisisa kwevanopihwa kwakabhadharwa kuVisa.
Muna 1817, Franz anova Munyori wemimhanzi yacho kuRwiyo "Trout" pamashoko emazita ake echiKristu Schubert. Zvakare, muumbi akazozivikanwa nemumhanzi kune yakakurumbira ballad yemunyori weGerman Goethe Lesnoy Tsar, uye munguva yechando yaFranz "Erlafsee" yakaburitswa nemuparidzi, kunyangwe iyo yevashandi vevashandi vakaramba vachiwanikwa pamberi pe mukurumbira weSchubert.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mukati memakore epamusoro pekuzivikanwa, Franz akawana kufambidzana. Saka, mukadzi wake (munyori Bauernfeld, comoser Huittenbrenner, artist schwind uye mamwe mabudiki) akabatsira mari yechiimbi.
Kana Schubert paakazotongerwa basa rake, muna 1818 akasiya Jobho kuchikoro. Asi baba vake havana kufarira kusanzwisisika kwemwanakomana, saka akabvisa mwana wake wechikuru webetsero yekunyama. Nekuda kweizvi, maFrench aifanira kukumbira husiku neshamwari.
Rombo muupenyu hwomunyori hwaive hwakanyanya kuchinja. Opera "Alfonso naEstrella" pane zvakanyorwa neChisimba, iyo Franz yakatariswa rombo rakanaka, rakarambwa. Panyaya iyi, mamiriro ezvinhu ezvekunyama eSchuber akawedzera. Zvakare muna 1822 mutambi akatapudza chirwere chakaderedza hutano hwake. Pakati pezhizha, Franz akatamira kumufaro, kwaakagara muzvivakwa zve kuverenga Johanna Eserazi. Ikoko kwakadzidziswa zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kuvana vavo.
Muna 1823, Schubert anova nhengo yemubhadharo weSchini uye Lingo Mimhanzi Unions. Mugore rimwe chetero, muimbi anomanikidza "akanaka mellenchika" Rwiyo kutenderera kwemazwi eiyo nhetembo reWilhelm müller. Munziyo idzi, inoudzwa nezve jaya raienda kunotsvaga mufaro.
Asi mufaro wejaya uyu waive murudo: Wakati achiona mwanasikana waMirler, museve wedanda uyo wakamhanyira mumoyo make. Asi mudikani akatarisa kune mukwikwidzi wake, muvhimi wechidiki, saka pfungwa inofadza uye yakakwirira yevafambi yakafamba nekukurumidza kuita kusuwa.
Pashure pokubudirira kukuru kwe "Melnichi Melnichi" munguva yechando uye mukudonha kwe 1827, Schubert anoshanda pane imwe cycle inonzi "nzira yechando". Mimhanzi, yakanyorwa mumashoko aMuler, inosiyaniswa neshungu. Franz pachake akatumidza zita rake rekunguva hungwaru "Wreath of nziyo dzechikwata." Zvinokosha kuziva izvozvo zvakarongeka nezve rudo rusina kutsanangurwa Schubert akanyora nguva pfupi asati afa.
Biography yeFranz inoratidza kuti dzimwe nguva aifanira kugara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomeswa, kwaanenge aine chiedza cheRachin anopisa akanyora mabasa makuru pane vanamukoti vepepa rekufemera. Mutambi aive murombo zvakanyanya, asi aisada kuvapo pakubatsira kwemari.
"Chii chichaitika kwandiri ..." akanyora kudaro Schubert, "Ini, ini, ndichafanira kuchembera, sedambudziko rechizeve, famba kubva pamukova, ndokumbira pamberi pechingwa."Asi Franz aisakwanisa uye fungidzira kuti aisazova negura. Muimbi paaive muimbi wekuora mwoyo, mwarikadzi wekupera simba akanyengedza: Muna 1828, Schuber akasarudzwa nhengo yeVienna nzanga dzeshamwari dzemimhanzi, uye munaKurume 26, mukono wakapa kongiri yemunyori kekutanga . Kuita kwacho kwaive kukunda, uye imba yacho yakabuda kubva pakuridza mhere. Pazuva rino, Franz munguva yekutanga neyekupedzisira muhupenyu hwake akawana kuti kubudirira chaikoiko.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muhupenyu, mutambi mukuru ainyanya kutya uye anonyara. Naizvozvo, vazhinji vevamiriri emunyori vakaitwa pakururamisa kwake. Mamiriro aFranz ekunyama ave chigumbuso munzira inoenda kumufaro, nekuti mudikani wake akasarudza chikomba.
Rudo rwaSchubert rwunonzi Teresa Horb. Neiyi Franz yakasangana yakasangana, ichiri muchechi choir. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti musikana ane mutambi haana kunzwa runako, asi, pane zvakajairika: kumeso kwake kwakashongedzwa "kwakashongedzwa kubva kuchidiki, uye machena uye maziso machena" akaiswa "pameso .
Asi hapana kutaridzika kukwezva Schubert pakusarudza mukadzi wemoyo. Akabiridzirwa nenyaya yekuti Teresa aine truer uye kukurudzirwa akateerera mimhanzi, uye panguva ino kumeso kwake akawana kutarisa kwemutsinye, uye mufaro wakapenya mumaziso ake.
Asi, sezvo musikana akarerwa asina baba vake, amai vake vakasimbirira kuti vakasarudza zvekupedzisira pakati porudo nemari. Naizvozvo, Gorb akawana pfuma yakapfuma.
Zvimwe zvese zvehupenyu hwepedyo zveSchubert zvinokosheswa kwazvo. Maererano nerunyerekupe, mutambi muna 1822 akatapukirwa ne syphilis - panguva iyoyo chirwere chisingarapike. Kubva pane izvi, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti Franz haana kunyangarika kushanyira dzimba dzeruzhinji.
Rufu
Mukudonha kwa 1828, Franz Schuber yakatambudzwa nefivha yemavhiki maviri inokonzerwa nechirwere chinotapukira chedumbu - mudumbu typhoid. Musi waNovember 19, pazera ramakore makumi matatu nematatu emakore, murume mukuru akafa.
Austria (maererano neyekupedzisira zvido) kuvigwa pamakuva ekutaurisa padivi pechiuru chezvifananidzo chake - beethoven.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Zvemari dzakatenderwa kubva kumakonatidziro ane kukunda, izvo zvakaitika muna 1828, Franz Schubert akawana piyano.
- Mukudonha kwe 1822, mutambi akanyora "symphony Nha. 8", iyo yakapinda iyo nyaya se "nyorwa isina kujeka". Icho chokwadi ndechekuti pakutanga Franz vakagadzira ichi chigadzirwa muchimiro chehurukuro, uyezve muchikamu. Asi nekuda kwechikonzero chisinganzwisisike, Schubert haana kumbopedza basa pane umbolchild. Maererano nerunyerekupe, mamwe manyoro akarasika uye akachengetwa neshamwari dzaAustria.
- Humwe hunhu hwakaipa kune Schubert kunyora zita remutauro wekutamba-kutaura. Asi mutsara "nguva yemumhanzi" akauya nemuparidzi Leiddeessdorf.
- Schubert Adhivha goethe. Muimbi airota musangano padyo nemunyori uyu akakurumbira, asi kurota kwake hakuna kufanirwa kuzadzikiswa.
- Schubert's Big D Sror Syminhony yakawana makore gumi mushure mekufa kwake.
- Mukukudza kwekuremekedza Franz "Rosamunda" yakanzi Inoteriya, yakavhurwa muna 1904.
- Mushure meguva remunyori, huwandu hwemanyoro asiri iwo akasara. Kwenguva yakareba, vanhu vaisaziva izvo zvakanyorwa naSchubert.
Discography
Nziyo (anopfuura 600)
- Cycle "akanaka mellenchikana" (1823)
- Cycle "Wando Wanna" (1827)
- Unganidzo "Suan Rwiyo" (1827-1828, Posthumous)
- Dzinenge 70 nziyo pane magwaro goethe
- Dzinenge makumi mashanu nziyo pane Schiller zvinyorwa
Symphony
- Kutanga D-DURUR (1813)
- Chechipiri B-DUR (1815)
- Yetatu D-Dur (1815)
- Chechina C-Moll "Turgic" (1816)
- Chechishanu B-DUR (1816)
- Yechitanhatu C-DUR (1818)
Qualets (chete 22)
- Quartet B-DUR OP. 168 (1814)
- G-Moll Quartet (1815)
- Quartet a-moll op. 29 (1824)
- Quartet d-moll (1824-1826)
- Quartet G-DUR OP. 161 (1826)