Biography
Mumiriri anopenya weGolden Age yeThe weRussia VaTutchev Tyutchev Vakagumisa Noukuro dzake, vachirwadza Yamba Nanhasi, nhetembo dzehombodo dzakaverenga nyika yese.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mudetembi anotevera akaberekerwa munaNovember 23, 1803 mumusha weSestustig Bryansky County yeiyo Oryol Province. FEDOR - MAMBO YEMAHARA mumhuri. Pamusoro peAri, Ivan Nikolavich nemukadzi wake Ekaterina Lvovna vakanga vaine vamwe vana vaviri: Mwanakomana wedangwe ndiNikolai (1801-1870) uye mwanasikana wedhazasi - Daria (1806-1879).
Munyori akakura mukudzikama ane moyo wakanaka. Kubva kuna amai, akagara nhaka yesangano repfungwa dzisiri pachena, lyricity uye akatanga kufungidzira. Mukukosha, mhuri yese yemhuri yekare yaTuttchev yaive neyakakura zvekunamata.
Pazera ramakore 4, Nikolai Afanasyevich Flaziv (1770-1826) - Anotengwa, uyo akatengwa kunze kwenhare kuvimba uye pane zvekuzvidira, akapinda basa rekuziva.
Anokwanisa, murume anonzwira tsitsi haana kungowana ruremekedzo kuna Jehovha chete, asiwo akava vabati venguva yemberi neshamwari uye vakatanga. Mireza yakaparidzira kumutswa kwehunyanzvi hunyanzvi hweTuttchev. Zvakaitika muna 1809, Faderor apo Fyodor asina kukwana makore matanhatu: Paaifamba mugomba riri pedyo nemaruwa emaruwa, akagumburwa neguta rakafa. Mukomana anokonzera anopa mariro eshiri uye akanyora epitaph mumavhesi mukukudzwa kwake.
Munguva yechando, 1810, musoro wemhuri wakaitwa neshoko reshiri remukadzi wake, vakatenga munda wekupamhama muMoscow. Tyutchev akaenda ikoko kwenguva yekutonhora kwechando. Feder ane makore manomwe ainyatsoda chaizvo mukamuri yakajeka, ipo pasina munhu akapindwa kubva mangwanani kusvika husiku kuti averenge nhetembo dzeZhukovsky, Dmitriv uye erzhavan.
Muna 1812, tsika ine rugare yeMoscow Abolility inotyora hondo yaMocialic. Kufanana nevamiriri vazhinji venyonganisi, Tyutchev akabva aenda kuguta racho ndokuenda kuYaroslavl. Ikoko, mhuri yakaramba kusvika pakuguma kwemavangwe.
Pakudzokera kuMoscow, Ivan Nikolayevich uye Ekaterina Lvovna akasarudza kuhaya mudzidzisi uyo aisakwanisa kungodzidzisa vana vavo zvekutanga zvegirama, arithmetic uyewo mutauro asiri wekunze kune dzimwe nyika dzekunze. Pasi pehutungamiriri hwekuenderera mberi kwetemberi uye mushanduri mhodzi dzeEgorovich Raich Feder akafunda sainzi uye kujairana nemacheki emabhuku epasi rese, achiratidza kufarira kwechokwadi muhutsui yekare.
Muna 1817, mune ramangwana renhau seyakagara shuwa vaipinda hurukuro dzevanyori vakakurumbira veAlexei Fedorovich Merzlyakov. Muzvinafundo akaona tarenda rake rakanaka uye munaFebruary 22, 1818 pamusangano weSangano reVanoda Mabhuku eRussia, Stued Odu Tyutchev "yeNew 1816". Musi waKurume 30 wegore rimwe chetatu, mudethe ane makore gumi nemana akapiwa musoro wenhoroondo yenhabvu, uye mugore nhetembo yake "tsamba yeHorace kuna Metenitu" yakaonekwa mumuchina.
Mukuwa kwa 1819, tariro yekunyepedzera yemurume wechidiki yakanyoreswa muMoscow University paFakituru yeMabhuku. Ikoko Akave Shamwari neVadiki Vladimir Odenovsky, Stepan Shanyrev naMikhail Pofoodiny. Iyo yunivhesiti yeTuttchev yakapedza kudzidza makore matatu isati yasvika nguva yekupedzisira uye yakaburitswa kubva kune yakadzama institution ine mwero wemukwikwidzi.
Musi waFebruary 5, 1822, baba vakaunza Fedor kuti Petersburg, uye atove musi waTyutchem ane makore gumi nemasere, aine makore gumi nemasere Muguta rekumusoro, aigara mumba mehama yake Onsterman-tolstoy, akazunza iye positi yeFirlence yeTurnlomatic basa renyama muBavaria.
Mabhuku
Muguta guru reBavaria, TUTCHEV aisangodzidza nhetembo dzerudo uye neuchenjeri hwechiGerman, asi zvakare rakashandurwa muchiRussia basa reFriedrich schigehler naJohann goethe. Feor Ivanovich mavhesi ari mumagazini yeRussia Galate uye Almana North Lira.
Mumakumi emakore ekutanga ehupenyu muMunich (kubva muna 1820 kusvika 1830), TUTTCHEV akanyora nhetembo dzakakurumbira: "Kutinhira kwemvura" (1828), "Siledtium!" (1830), "Seyenzi yegungwa pasi ..." (1830), "Chitubu" (1836), "Nguva yechando haina kutsamwa ..." (1836), "Kwete iyo manti iwe, zvisikwa ..." ( 1836), "Chii chauri kufambire mberi, mhepo husiku?" .. (1836).
Mukurumbira wakasvika padanho muna 1836, riinhi mumagazini "kana vari pasi pemusoro we" nhetembo dzakatumirwa kubva kuGermany "rakabudiswa nemabasa aro. Muna 1841, tyutchev akasangana Wencesla Ganka - mutungamiri weiyo Czech National Rerumutsiridzo yaive nesimba rakakura pane mudetembi. Mushure mekufambidzana uku, mazano eSlavophilism akagamuchira kuratidzwa kwakajeka munhau uye mazwi ezvematongerwo enyika eFyodor Ivanovich.
Kubva 1848, Fedor Ivanovich yakasanganisira mukuru wekudhinda. Kushaikwa kwemabhuku enhetembo hakuna kumutadzisa kuti ave nhamba inoonekwa muSt. Petersburg Society Society. Saka, nekrasov nechido nezvebasa reFyodor Ivanovich uye akaiisa mumutsara mumwe nehombodo dzakanakisa - uye fet akashandisa mabasa eToutchev seuchapupu hwekuvapo kwe "nhetembo dzehunhu".
Muna 1854, munyori akaburitsa kuunganidzwa kwake kwekutanga munyika, ayo aisanganisira nhetembo dzekare dzeiyo 1820-1830s uye zvitsva zvitsva zvemunyori. Nhetembo dzavana 1850 dzakazvipira kune vadikani vidikanwa Tyutchev - Elena Phyyheva.
Muna 1864, museum FeDOR Ivanovich akafa. Publisser zvakarwadza kwazvo vakasangana nekurasikirwa uku. Akawana ruponeso mukusika. Nhetembo dze "Denyshsky kutenderera" ("Zuva rose rakakanganwa ...", pane zvese zviri zviviri mukutambudzika kwangu ... "," On weva Evha weGurura waAugust 4, 1865 "," Oo, uku zasi, od, izvi zvakanaka! .. "," pane yekutanga autumn ... ") - Pamusoro perudo rwonzi rwendo.
Pashure pehondo yemurotela, Alexander Mikhalovich Gorchkov akazova gurukota rezvekunze reRussia. Mumiriri wezvematongerwo enyika Elite anoremekedzwa tyutchev kwekuchinja kwake. Hushamwari nemukana unobvumidzwa Feder Ivanovich kupesvedzera Russian Yokunze Polidsi.
Maonero eSlavhililic of Fyedor Ivanovich akaramba achisimbiswa. Chokwadi, mushure mekukundwa muhondo yetsotsi muzvikamu zvechuru, "Ini handinzwisise pfungwa dzeRussia ..." (1866) Tutchchev akatanga kufonera vanhu kuti vasazvitevedzera, asi kusonganiro yemweya.
Hupenyu Hwako
Vanhu vasingazive biography yeTyutchev kumhanya nehupenyu hwake uye nekusika, funga kuti mudetembi yeRussia aive nemhepo ine mhepo, uye ichave chaiyo mumhedziso yake. Muzvinyorwa zvekunyora zvenguva yacho nezvematanho ekunamatira zvevatsigiri, ngano dzakaitwa.
Rudo rwekutanga rwemunyori rwaive rwiyo rwekupedzisira rwaMambo wePrussian Fredrich Wilhelm III - Amalia lernefeld. Pushkin, naNicholas i, uye kuverenga Benkendorf, vakayemura runako rwemusikana. Aive nemakore gumi nematatu paakasangana naToutchev uye akafadzwa zvakanyanya. Kunzwira tsitsi kwaive zvishoma.
Jaya rinogara pamari yevabereki harina kugutsa zvese zvikumbiro kubva kumukadzi wechidiki anodiwa. Kuda kwaAmalia kwasarudza hutano uye muna 1825 akaroora Baron cudner. Muchato weLiverfero wakashamiswa neFeder kuti mutumwa weDashkov Volkov Vol, kuti adzivise Duel, akatumira Gomo reKavalera pazororo.
Uye kunyangwe tututchev akateerera fate, mweya wemashoko muhupenyu hwake muhupenyu hwake hwese hwakadyiwa kubva kune unatatilya nyota yerudo. Kwechinguva chidiki, mukadzi wake wekutanga Eleanor akakwanisa kudzima moto kupenya mukati medetembi.
Mhuri iyi yakakura, mumwe mushure mekunge mumwe mwanasikana aberekwa: Anna, Daria, Catherine. Mari yacho yaishaiwa njodzi. Uine pfungwa dzake dzese uye nzwisiso, tyutchev yakanyimwa rationity uye kutonhora, nekuda kwekusimudzira kwacho kuri kuita nhanho dzemakiromita manomwe. Feor Ivanovich muhupenyu hwemhuri. Sosaiti yevana nevarume vaakada makambani ane ruzha kubva kushamwari uye nzvimbo dzekunyika nevakadzi kubva munharaunda yakanyanya.
Muna 1833, Balu Tyutchev akamiririrwa neyekuchengetedzwa baroness ernestin von pfffel. Vachenjeri hwavo vakataura nezvehukama hwese hwekuverenga. Munguva yekutandipedzera kunotevera kuneta negodo, mudzimai mutserendende rekushushikana kwekushushikana akabata mudanga uye akariuraira muchipfuva. Neraki, ronda rakanga risiri kufa.
Pasinei nekunyadziswa, uko kwakatangira mumuchina, uye kuvandudzwa kwevanhu paruzhinji, munyori akatadza kupatsanura natenzikadzi wake, uye chete kufa kwemumwe mukadzi kana mukadzi ari pamutemo aisa zvese munzvimbo yayo. Mwedzi gumi mushure mekufa kweEleanoora, mudetembi zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa zvakabatana neErnestina.
Iyo fhezi yakatamba neBarons Wakaipa Joke: Mukadzi akaparadza mhuri kwemakore gumi nemana akagovana murume ari pamutemo aine mwana mudiki - dency-elena Alexandrovna.
Rufu
Pakati pe60s-kutanga 70s, tyutchev zvisina kufanana nekutora nzvimbo: Muna 1864, anodikanwa weMunyori - Mhezi, akave amai veMusiki - Catherine Lvovna, muna 1870 kupisa Anodiwa mukoma wemunyori Nikolai nemwanakomana waAkarwa, uye makore matatu gare gare, mwanasikana waMaria aenda kunyika.
Reneroce of Rufu zvakashata zvakakanganisa hutano hwetemberi. Mushure mekutanga kurova mulale (Ndira 1, 1873), Fyodor Ivanovich akabva pamubhedha, mushure mechipiri akararama kwemavhiki anotambura uye akafa musi waChikunguru 27, 1873. Bhokisi rine muviri wemubvunzurudzo rakatakurwa kubva kumusha wehumambo mumakuva e novdeviche monastery muSt. Pasersburg.
Nhaka yekunyora yeiyo ngano dzeGolden zera rezera reRussia nhetembo dzakachengetedzwa mumugodhi kuunganidzwa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, muna 2003, muna 2003, "muporofita muFoundadha Wake Federt Tyutchev" akabatwa neTava Series "rudo uye Pravda Feder Tyutchev". Mukuru wefirimu akagadzirwa nemwanasikana Sergey bandarrarrarrarchanataly. Iye anoziva vateereri veRussia seyakafirimu Andrei Tarkovsky "solaris".
BHAIBHERI
- "Arp Scald" (1834);
- "Kutinhira kwemarara" (1828);
- "Masikati neusiku" (1839);
- "Kusatarisira sei uye kupenya ..." (1865);
- "Pindura kune kero" (1865);
- "Italian villa" (1837);
- "Ndakamuziva kunyange ipapo" (1861);
- "Mangwanani mumakomo" (1830);
- "Moto" (1868);
- "Zvinotaridzika kunge Grove Green ..." (1857);
- "Kupenga" (1829);
- "Kurara kugungwa" (1830);
- "Kunyora" (1829);
- "Encyclica" (1864);
- "Roma usiku" (1850);
- "Mitambo yemitambo, mabasa akanyarara ..." (1850).