Biography
Richard milhaus Nixon muAmerican Coldions uye States-mutungamiri weUnited States (1953-1961), 37th Repistert wedu (1969-1974). Richard akaberekwa muna Ndira 9, 1913 muguta reCalifornia reLinda mumhuri yemutengesi mudiki, Scots Francis Nixon newawakaroora - vakadzi veimba neimba. Mhuri yakarerwa nevanakomana vashanu - Harold, Richard, Donald, Arthur, Ed, vakatumidzwa mazita mushure mamadzimambo eBritain. Richard, wechipiri pakati pehama, akagamuchira zita rekuremekedza moyo wetsiva weRicharard.
Hana kubvira ndichiri mudiki wakapinda munharaunda yezvibodzwa, matavi ePurotesitendi. Mukadzi akawana mumwe mukadziwa nevana mukutenda kwake. Muna 1922, nixoens yakagara kuguta rekuchenesa, uko Richard akaenda kuchikoro. Pasinei nebasa risingaperi kuchitoro chechitoro chababa, izvo zvisiri kure neBenzokolokoki Nixon, Richard akakwanisa kuve mudzidzi wechipiri wemudzidzi wechikoro uye akapedza kudzidza kubva muna 1930 aine mavara akanaka. Iye mukomana akapiwa kudzidziswa kuHarvard, asi nekuda kwezvinetso zvemari, Richard akapinda mukodhi wholier.
Munzvimbo itsva, mhuri iyi yakatambura kurasikirwa kwekutanga: Muna 1925, mudiki mwanakomana waNixono arthur, uyo panguva iyoyo aingova nemakore manomwe, naHarold vakafa pazera ramakore makumi maviri nemana kubva kuTBBer. Muna 1934, Nixon vakapinda chikoro cheMutemo kuYunivhesiti yeDuke, yaive muDurham. Mumakore emudzidzi, Richard akarota basa muFBI, asi akadzokera kuCalifornia, kwaagara muhofisi yepamutemo yeWinherrat uye Kutenda. Kubva 1937, aive aine muGound College College. Nixonu zvakapa zvinhu zvinokatyamadza pakati pemakambani emuno emunharaunda uye mafemu ekutengesa.
Kwapera gore, Gweta rePovice rakapihwa musoro kuti riitwe bazi rehofisi muguta reLa Habra Heights, muna 1939 Nixon vakakwanisa kudzikunura chikamu chemagariro ekambani. Richard magweta anotariswa seyakakodzera hupenyu ruzivo. Muna 1942, Nixon zvakanyorwa muUS Navy Misangano, kwaakatanga kushumirwa munzvimbo yekuyeuka. Mitoro yemutungamiriri yaisanganisira kuchengetedzeka kweUS airbases muPacific Ocean. Nixon demobilized muna 1946 mune chinzvimbo chemutungamiriri weLieutenant.
Zvematongerwo enyika
Muna 1946, Richard pakukokwa kweGerman Perry, mumwe wevatungamiriri veBank of America, vakatora chikamu mune sarudzo dzeimba yeUS yevamiriri kubva ku12th California County. Munguva yesarudzo yesarudzo, gweta diki rakakwanisa kupfuura mumiriri wekare waJ. Vurkhi. Mune ino post, Nixon yakagara madhawa maviri. Pakupera kwe40s, Nixon vakashanda kuDhipatimendi reKomisheni Kuti Vazivikanwe Communist, kwaakarongedza nyaya yeSoviet Spy yeMutitera Vakuru vekare.
Muna 1950, Richard Nixon Nixon vakagamuchira iyo manejeti yeSenator kubva kuCalifornia ndokutamira kuWashington. Makore matatu gare gare, mumiriri weRepublican akazova Mutevedzeri mukuru wemutungamiri weCabinet of the Eisenhawer Hurumende. Nixon vaigara vachiperekedza Mutungamiri pamisangano ine Congress uye kabati, vaiwanzoonekwa pachena pachena, vachishuva sarudzo dzemutungamiriri uye hurumende. Katatu kubva 1955 kusvika 1957, mukati mechirwere, Eisenhuer akatora mabasa emusoro wenyika.
Muna 1960, Nixon vaikwikwidza John Kennedy kusarudzo dzinotevera, asi vakarasikirwa nemupikisi nemusiyano mudiki. Muna 1962, zvine chekuita nekurega basa reWhite House, Richard kwenguva pfupi akadzokera kuGweta muCalifornia. Achibvisa sarudzo kune magavhuna wenyika yeNyika, akafunga kuti basa rezvematongerwo enyika rakapera. Mugore rimwe chetero, Nixon's Autobiography "matambudziko matanhatu" akaoneka, akazvipira kubasa rake muhurumende yeUS.
Muna 1963 akatamira kuNew York, uko bazi remutemo rakavhurwa. Kwapera gore, Nixon vakakumbirwa kune vashandi vepamberi pebasa remutungamiriri weMutungamiri B. Goldwater. Muna 1968, Nixon akazivisa kusarudzwa kwake nesarudzo dzemutungamiri uye Nyamavhuvhu Vanokunda vapikisi veHumphrey, j.merni, N. Rockefeller uye R. Reagan.
Mutungamiri wenyika
Iyo yemukati mutemo weRichard Nixon yaive yakavakirwa pane yekuchengetedza. Mutungamiri wePureziisheni vakapokana nezvirongwa zvemagariro kuti vabatsire varombo muhuwandu, mapurazi, akadzivirira kusunungurwa kweDare Repamusoro. Munguva yekutonga kwaNixon, pakanga paine zvekutakura ngano yevaongorori veAmerica kumwedzi.
Mune zvematongerwo enyika, zviitiko zvese zvakatongwa neNational Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, uyo Nixon akaisa basa racho kuti abvise United States kubva kuhondo yeVietnamese. Kubuda kwemauto eAmerica, iyo yakatanga muna Chikunguru 1969, yakatanga makore matatu kubvira munharaunda yeSouth Vietnam uye yakazopera kutanga kwe1973 nekusaina kweParishi Chibvumirano.
Muna 1970, kuchengetedza chimiro cheiyo superpower, Nixon vakatumira muchiuto muCambodia, uko hurumende itsva yeLon Nola yakatanga kurwisa maCommunist. Kuenderera kwehondo yehondo muNodochier kwakamutsa kuwanda kutsva muzviratidziro muAmerica. MuNixon, convertonce yezvematongerwo enyika neSoviet Union uye Republic of China yakatanga. Muna 1972, Richard anoramba achisarudzwa kuganho remusoro wenyika uye munaFebruary gore rimwe chete rinoenda kuPrc, uye muna Chivabvu, anoshanyira USSR, uko zviratidzo zvechibvumirano zveBrezhnev.
Patova muna 1972, mwedzi mina sarudzo isati yatanga, kwaive nevarume vashanu vakasiya hurongwa hwekuporesa kuimba yemutungamiri wenyika kubva kuGeorge McGovern Democrats. Hofisi yaive iri muchivakwa chekudyara. Iyo madeina akabata nayo firimu yemagineti nekurekodha kwekukurukurirana kwepolisi, pamwe nemifananidzo yezvinyorwa zvakavanzika. Iyo nyonganiso yakaramba basa rinouraya kune vezvematongerwo enyika yeMutungamiriri.
Mumakore maviri, kuferefetwa kwakaratidzirwa zvisina kukodzera kubatanidzwa kweiyo Richard Nixon kune nyaya iyi, iyo yakasimbiswa nekufunga kwakawanda, kutyisidzira uye kufumura Zvapupu. Semhedzisiro, musi waNyamavhuvhu 9, 1974, Nixon yakadzosera pasi pekutyisidzirwa kwekusavimbika. Iyo inotevera musoro wenyika Gerald Ford Amnestied Nixon, kunyangwe mutsara usina kugadzirwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukutanga kwa1938, Richard Nixon akasangana nemudzidzisi weTelma Pat Ryan pane imwe yezviitiko zveTheatre Studio Whittier Community Vanyori venharaunda. Mumwe murume wechidiki akatarisa-tarisa musikana kwenguva yakareba asati abvuma kuva mukadzi wake. Muna June 1940, Richard naTelma vakaroora. Mumwe mukadzi uyu akapa Nixon vanasikana vaviri - Trishia (1946) naJulie (1948).
Muna 1968, Julie akaroora muzukuru weMutungamiri Eisenhower David. Trishi akaroora muzukuru weiyo yakakurumbira yourd Edward R. Finch, Gradyrad Harvard, Gweta Edward Finch Coke muna 1971. Telma Nixon akafa musi waJune 22, 1993 kubva kukenza yemapapu.
Rufu uye ndangariro
Mushure mekusiya basa, Richard Nixon vaiita basa rekunyora uye memoirs. Mutungamiriri wekare akarambidzwa kuitisa zviitiko zvepamutemo uye zvematongerwo enyika. Makore achangopfuura Richard aigara mune yakavharwa akaoma muPark Ridge, New Jersey, kwaakafa kubva kuHemorrhage kuhuropi musi waApril 22, 1994.
Richard Nixon vaiwanzova gamba reHollywood mafirimu. Muna 1995, director Oliver ibwe rakabvisa mutambo wezvematongerwo enyika "Nixon", umo Anthony Hopkins akabata chinzvimbo chikuru cheMutungamiriri. MuComedies "Elvis anosangana Nixon" uye "musikana wemutungamiri wenyika" musoro wenyika akatamba Bob Gantton naDan Hedai.
Mukutanga kwa1974, chiitiko chakaitika kumhepo kuna Delta, uyo aionekwa sekuyedza kuNixon President. Iyo gandara inopinda munzvimbo iyo ndege uye yakabvunzwa kubva kune vatyairi kutevera Washington. Vakuru veFio vaiuya nenguva vakatanga kuputika nematsotsi, anozopfura. Muna 2004, anoongorora anodedera akasunungurwa "kuuraya mutungamiri wenyika. Kuedza paRichard Nixon "inotungamirirwa neNiels Muller, yakatsaurirwa nezviitiko zvekutanga 1974. Iye zvino mufananidzo wekupedzisira wakatsaurirwa kune iyo 37th President ndeye comedy 2016 "Elvis naNixon".
Kubudirira
- Nhengo yeImba yevamiriri kubva ku12th Electoral District of California - 1947
- Senator anobva kuCalifornia - 1950
- 36th Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri - 1953
- 37th President US - 1969