Biography
Maka Chagirell, pamwe chete neAvant-Gardists otto Dix, Heinrich Emen naHansel Richter aive muimbi akatya uye achidzokorora. Kugadzira pendi, akatungamirwa chete neyenjekisi: hurongwa hwemunharaunda, chikamu nemwenje nemwenje zvaive zvakatsiga kwaari.
Munhu, akanyimwa mufananidzo wepfungwa, anonyanya kuoma kuziva canvas yemusiki, nekuti haakwanikwe nepfungwa yekupenda uye akananga mabasa ezvinyorwa zvekuremekedza uye serov, uko kurongeka kwemitsetse kuri yakaiswa muganho wemhedziso.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Movysha Hatskelevich (Gare gare Moses Hatkelevh) Shagali akaberekerwa musi waChikunguru 6, 1887 muguta reBelarussian reVitebsk, muhurumende yeMusangano weRussia, akapatsanurwa neCatherine II, aigara maJuda. Musoro weHatkel Mordukhov Mhuri Chiya yakashanda semutengesi muchitoro chemusha. Aiva murume akanyarara, akazvipira uye anoshanda. Amai veiyo artist feiga-aive mukadzi anoshanda nesimba, hushamwari uye basa. Akatungamira purazi, akatungamira murume wake nevana.
Kubva pamakore mashanu, Movysh, semurume wese wechiJudha, akashanyira musoro (chikoro chekutanga), kwaakadzidza minyengetero nemutemo waMwari. Pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, chirall yakapinda muVitebsk Guta Bourgear kirasi chikoro. Chokwadi, haana kunakidza kwazvo: Panguva iyoyo, Mako aive mukomana akasarudzika, uyo nekuda kwekusagadzikana, aisakwanisa kuwana mutauro wakajairika nevezera ravo.
Provincial ViteBsk yakava yeramangwana remumhanzi uye shamwari yekutanga, uye rudo rwekutanga, uye mudzidzisi wekutanga. Mudiki akadhindwa, akapendwa zvizere zvigaro zvendudzi, aakatarisa zuva rimwe nerimwe kubva pamahwindo eimba yake. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti vabereki havana kupa kunyepedzera kwakakosha nezve kugona kwehunyanzvi woMwanakomana. Amai vakadzokorora amai vaMosesi panzvimbo petafura yekudyira, uye baba havana kuda kunzwa nezve kudzidziswa kwevana panguva chaiyo panguva yeVITEBSky vachipanduka ap.
Chakanaka chemubato wemhuri chaGagolov aive mwanakomana-accountant kana, akazvipfuura, mucherechedzi wemwanakomana mune imba yemupengo wepfuma. Mudiki Mosesi mukati memwedzi yakati wandei akatungamira mari kubva kuna baba vake kuenda kuchikoro dhizaini. Kana chitsauko chemhuri chakaneta nezvikumbiro zvekubvarura zveMwanakomana, akakanda mari yacho muhwindo rakavhurika. Rondedzero yemberi yaifanira kuunganidza kupaza pane guruva munzvimbo yemaziso emaguta ekuseka.
Kudzidza kwakapihwa kufambisa zvakaoma: Aive anonyanya kurwadza uye mudzidzi ane musoro. Pashure pacho, aya maviri anokanganisa maitiro ehunhu akaisa vanhu vese vakaedza kupesvedzera iyo art dzidzo Chal. Wakatove aine makore gumi nemashanu, akazvitarisisa ane hukama husingaenzaniswi uye saka aigona kumira zvakanaka zvevadzidzisi. Sekureva kwaMark, chete muongorori mukuru anogona kunge ari mupi wake. Nehurombo, artists yakanga isina iyo nhanho iri mutaundi diki.
Ini ndakachengeta mari, ndakapetwa, titaure chinhu kune vabereki, vakaenda kuSt. Petersburg. Guta guru reumambo rakanunurwa kwaari neakavimbiswa. Paive neye yega nhoroondo yehunyanzvi, kwaizoitwa naMosesi. Chokwadi chinorwadza chehupenyu chakasvitsa shanduko dzinodiwa kune zviroto zveVarume vepinki: Akakundikana bvunzo yake yekutanga uye yekupedzisira. Mikova yeInstanting Institution Institution haina kuvhurika pamberi penyama. Iye murume haana kujaira kupa, akauya kuna Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich, chikoro chekudhirowa chenzanga yekusimudzira hunyanzvi. Ikoko akadzidza mwedzi miviri.
Muzhizha ra1999, kusuwa kuwana nzira yake muhunyanzvi, chirall vakadzokera kuViteBsk. Jaya racho rakawira mukuora mwoyo. Mifananidzo yenguva ino inoratidza kushungurudzika kwemukati mamiriro ekusazivikanwa nyanzvi. Aiwanzoonekwa pane bhiriji kuburikidza neVitaba. Hazvizivikanwe kuti izvi zvinoratidzwa nemwoyo wose, kana chirall haana kusangana nerudo rwehupenyu hwake - bert (Bella) rosenfeld. Kusangana naBella kwakazadza mudziyo wake wakaparadzwa wekurudziro. Maka zvakare aida kurarama uye gadzira.
Mukuvhuvhu wa1909, akadzokera kuPetersburg. Nechishuwo chekutsvaga chipangamazano chakaenzana nezuva rezuva, pfungwa nyowani yekugadzirisa yakawedzerwa: Jaya rakaberekerwa nechinhu chero chipi zvacho kuti vakunde guta rekuchamhembe. Tsamba mavara yakabatsira SHAGOLA kuti ipinde chikoro chakanakisa chekudhirowa neiyo yakakurumbira nyaya. Maitiro ehunyanzvi hwenzvimbo dzedzidzo akatungamirwa neiyo shumba inoridza bakst.
Maererano neuchapupu hwevanhu vakararama, Moses, Bakst akaitora pasina chero zvichemo. Uyezve, zvinonyatsoziva kuti shumba yakabhadhara kudzidziswa kwetariro yezakanaki. Bakst akataura zvakananga kuti aise zvekushandura kuti muRussia tarenda rake haina kukwana. Muna Chivabvu 1911, vakadimburwa pane kudzidza kwakagamuchirwa kubva kuchiwedzera, nyanzvi dzakaenda kuParis, kwaakaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake. Muguta guru reFrance, akatanga atanga kusaina basa rake nezita rekuti Mako.
Kupenda
Shagell akatanga biology yake kubva pendi "mutya" anofa. Muna 1909, iro basa re "mufananidzo wemuroora wangu mumawindo matema" uye "mhuri" yakanyorwa pasi pesimba remhando isina-nzira. MunaAugust 1910, Mako akaenda kuParis. Mabasa epakati epari aive "neni nemusha mangu", "Russia, Oslas nevamwe", "kuzviratidzira neminwe minomwe" uye "Calvary". Panguva imwecheteyo, vakanyorwa neiyo "Snoyushka fodya", "chinamato chokunyengetera", icho chakaunza Sharal kune vatungamiriri vehunyanzvi hwekumutsa tsika yevaJudha.
Muna June 1914, kuratidzwa kwake kwekutanga kwakavhurwa muBerlin, kwaisanganisira kanenge zvese pendi uye madhirowa akagadzirwa muParis. Muzhizha ra1914, Mako akadzokera kuViteBsk, kwaakabata kutanga kwehondo yenyika yekutanga. Muna 1914-1915, nhevedzano dzakateerana kubva pamabasa makumi manomwe rakanyorwa pane hwaro hwekugadzira mafungiro akagadzirwa (zviroto, nzvimbo dzenyika).
Mune nguva yekutanga, fungidziro yekuchinja-mhando-mhando yemhando yakagadzirwa ("Mutengesi mapepanhau", "Judha" Glight "," pendi kubva ku "vadikani". " Vanoda maGreen "," Vanoda Pink ") uye Genre, mufananidzo, nzvimbo yekunyora (" girazi "," Mufananidzo weBella muchena "," pamusoro peguta ").
Pakutanga kwezhizha ra1922, chishuwa chakaenda kuBerlin kuti vadzidze nezveMhedzisiro yeMabasa pamberi pehondo. MuBerlin, muimbi akadzidziswa matsva ezvitsva kuti vadhinda michina - etching, yakaoma tsono, xylography. Muna 1922, akaomeswa akateedzana etchings akagadzirirwa kuva mifananidzo ye "hupenyu hwangu" (folda "ne" hupenyu hwangu "chinyorwa chakabudiswa muna 1923). Iri bhuku rakashandurwa muchiFrench akaona mwenje muParis muna 1931. Kugadzira kutenderera kwemifananidzo kuRoma Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "muna 1923, Mark Zakharvich akatamira kuParis.
Muna 1927, nhevedzano yeGuisas "circus" circus "yakamuka" kuti iite zvese zvekushayikwa nemapepa ekupenga emapango, Harlequins uye acrobat. Nekurongeka kwemufundisi wezvekunyepedzera kweFascist Germany Judhasi Paul Goebebs muna 1933, mabasa aTenzi akapiswa pachena muMannheim. Kutambudzwa kwevaJudha muFascist Germany, kufananidzira kwenjodzi inosvika vakapenda mabasa okusvika muApocalyptic toni. Mumakore ekutanga uye ehondo, imwe yezvitendero zvinotungamira zvehunyanzvi hwake yaive kurovererwa ("muchena muchero", "muimbi akarovererwa", "mudzidzisi", "Kristu").
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi wekutanga wemushandi anoshamisa anonzi aive mwanasikana wejeellar Bella rosenfeld. Gare gare akanyora kuti: "Kwemakore mazhinji, rudo rwake rwaifukidza zvese zvandakaita. Makore matanhatu mushure memusangano wekutanga, Chikunguru 25, 1915, vakaroora. Nemukadzi akamupa mwanasikana kuna Ida, Mako akararama hupenyu hwakareba uye hunofadza. Chokwadi, kuguma kwacho kwakatanga nenzira yekuti muimbi akararama museum yake: Bella akafa kubva kuSepsis muUS Chipatara musi waSeptember 2, 1944. Ipapo, achidzoka mushure memariro mumba, akaisa Easeri, mufananidzo waBella, zvakanyorwa naye kumashure muRussia, ndokubvunza Imu kurasa matsuru ese uye pendi.
"Kuchema kwekuchema" mwedzi 9. Vongai chete kune hanya nekuchengetwa kwemwanasikana wake, akadzokera kuupenyu. Muzhizha ra1945, Ida akahaya mukoti kuti atarisire baba vake. Saka muhupenyu hwaShagal, Virginia Haggard yakaonekwa. Pakati pavo, iro rakatanga, raisa zita romwanakomana waDavidi. Muna 1951, musikana wechidiki akasiya chiratidzo kuBelgian photeni yeLeblet Liredens. Akatora mwanakomana wake uye akaramba mabasa ema 18 artist akamupa panguva dzakasiyana, achizvisiya vaviri chete.
Mosesi zvakare aida kuuraya kuzviuraya, uye kuti atsvenese Baba kubva kuDuma, Ida vakamuvigira muridzi weLondon Salon yeValalina Brodsaya. Kuroora pamwe naye mushure memwedzi mina mushure mekufambidzana. Mwanasikana weMusiki akademba pfupiso iyi kupfuura kamwe chete. Steph haana kurega kuenda kuChigola nevazukuru, "akafuridzirwa" kudhirowa bouquets, nekuti ivo "vakatengeswa zvakanaka," uye vasina ruzivo vakashandisa mari yake. Nemukadzi uyu, murwi akararama asati afa, achienderera mberi, zvisinei, anogara achinyora Bella.
Rufu
Muimbi anozivikanwa weAT akafira musi waKurume 28, 1985 (makore 98). Maka Zakarovich akavigwa pamusuwo wemuno weSer-Paul-DE-Vance Commune.
Nhasi, basa raMako Stegal rinogona kuonekwa mumaraki eFrance, USA, Germany, Russia, Berlus, Switzerland naIsrael. Ivo vanokudza ndangariro dzemuimbi mukuru uye munyika yokumusha kwake: Imba muViteBsk, umo grassite rakararama kwenguva yakareba, yakashanduka kuita imba yeimba yaChegal. Vanoda zvekupenda kugona uye nanhasi vanogona kutarisana nenzvimbo yaakasika ma nyanzvi wake anofarira-garde.
Shanda
- "Kurota" (1976);
- "Spoon yemukaka" (1912);
- "Vadikani vadiki" (1917);
- "Muchato weRussia" (1909);
- "Purim" (1917);
- "Muimbi" (1920);
- "For Vavava" (1955);
- "Varimi patsime" (1981);
- "MuJudha akasvibira" (1914);
- "Mutengesi wezvipfuyo" (1912);
- "Muti weHupenyu" (1948);
- "Clown uye violinist" (1976);
- "Mabhiriji pamusoro peSeine" (1954);
- "Vakaroora kana kuti mhuri inoyera" (1909);
- "Street artists manheru" (1957);
- "Kuchengeta zvakapfuura" (1944);