Biography
Anoremekedzwa zvakanyanya neiyo Orthodoxy, The WoswousMorker, mutyairi wevatengesi, vafambi, nherera nevasungwa. Kubva pazuva iro New Year Holidai Anotanga muna Zvita. Zvipo zveKisimusi zvinotarisirwa kubva kwaari, nekuti musande wakazova prototype yeSanta Claus naSanta Claus. Maererano nehupenyu hweMutsvene, akaberekerwa muna 270 muguta reLycian remativi, panguva yeiyo koloni yechiGreek. Nhasi inzvimbo yematunhu eTurkey yeAntalya neMugLa, uye nharaunda yenhamba inodaidzwa kuti muvakidzani wemusha weGelevish.
Muzvinyorwa zvehupenyu Nikolai, iyo Yowosamosomit inotaura kuti vabereki vake vakapfuma vaivapo maKristu vakapa mwanakomana weSANGANO yeIII zana. Mhuri yaNikolai Mirlijsky (rimwe zita reSanter) raive mutendi, babamunini - Bishop Patari - akacherekedza chinamato chemuzukuru uye akaisa muverengi pane zvevateresi.
Mudiki Nicholas akapedza mumamongi, uye husiku hwakazvipira kufundo kweMagwaro Matsvene neminyengetero. Iye mukomana akasiyaniswa nekupindura kunoshamisa uye kutanga kwakaziva kuti achatsaurira hupenyu kune ushumiri kuna Jesu Kristu. Babamunini, vachiona kushingairira kwemuzevera, akatora achiri kuyaruka kuvabatsiri. Nomwe Nikolai akagamuchira mupirisita, uye bhishopi akamupa kuti adzidzise vatendi veMijan.
Mupristi wechidiki, akateerana nechikomborero chaXabo-bhishopi, akaenda kuNyika Tsvene. Vari munzira kuenda kuJerusarema, Nikolai aive chiratidzo: Dhiyabhorosi akauya muchikepe. Mupristi akafanotaura nedutu uye kupaza kwechikepe. Nekukumbira kwevashandi vechikepe Nikolai, The Wososomilker yakanatswa negungwa. Sezvo tisimuka paCalvari, vanoreva kuti tivonga Muponesi.
Rwendo rwenyika rwendo, kupfuura nzvimbo dzinoera, dzakakwira kuZion Mount. Giravhiti yaIshe yakasimuka kuti vazvimvoneswe mikova yakavharwa husiku hwetembere. Kutenda, Nikolai akafunga kuenda murenje, asi inzwi rakabva kudenga rakamisa mupristi wechidiki, vanoriira kuti vadzokere kumba.
MuLycia Nikolai akapinda muukama hweSion Sion kuti arambe achinyarara. Asi ndiye Wokumusoro-soro kuna mai vaMwari uye akauya neevhangeri neOmphore. Maererano nengano, mabhishopi eLycian aive chiratidzo, mushure meizvozvo ivo vakasarudza kuita mwana mudiki Nicholas Bishop wenyika (iro guta reChizari reLycian). Vanyori venhoroondo uye masayendisiti ezvitendero anopokana kuti kwezana ramakore reLUT, kugadzwa kwaikosha.
Mushure mekufa kwevabereki, Nikolai akapinda munyasha uye akagovera kupfuma kwaari varombo. Hushumiro hweBishop wenyika yeRician akawira panguva yakaoma yekutambudzwa. Vamwari veRoma Doclectian naUnil vakamisikidza maChristian, asi muna Chivabvu 305, mushure mekuvhiringidza kweumambo, izvo zvakatora chigaro cheushe, chakatora chigaro cheConstantius vakamisa chitambudzo muWestern chikamu cheumambo hwekumadokero kweHumambo. Vakabva kumabvazuva, vakaramba vachipfuura 311 nemambo weRoma Emperor. Mushure menguva yekudzvinyirira kwechiKristu munyika yeLycia, uko bhishopi waNikolai aivandudza nekukurumidza. Iye anozivikanwa nekuparadzwa kwevahedheni echihedheni uye tembere yeAtemis munyika.
Hupenyu hwevaongorori Nikolai The Woswominker hurukuro dzeThe Cathed Court, paaive achipfuurira. Greek metropolitan yeNavpactsky mu "pfuma" bhuku rinoti ivo vakatongwa neramangwana revaSereri rekubata Aria panguva yeNicen Cathedral Cathedral. Asi vaongorori vanofunga kufunga nezve slate kurova. Ivo vanoti Nikolai anonzi vanyengeri "vanomupa kunyomba", izvo zvakazova chinhu chedare reCathedral. Kurara, kuchera kunotenderwa kubatsirwa kweiyo yakaswededzwa, sekutenda kwazvinofungidzirwa kuti mutsaoni uchavaburitsa kubva pane zvinosiririsa.
Zvishamiso
Kuti uwane kubatsirwa kuSint Nicholas, vafambi nevatengesi vakawira mudutu. Hupenyu hwemugove hunoratidza kununurwa kwevanofamba nevanhu. Munguva yerwendo kuenda kuAlexandria, ngarava yaNikolai yakafukidza dutu remhepo. Mufambisi wechikepe akawira pasi nechembera uye akafa. Nyowani Nikolai, mumwe murume wechidiki uyu akamutsa akafa.
Muhupenyu hweMusande unotsanangura nyaya yekununura rukudzo rwehama nhatu kubva kumhuri yevarombo, uyo baba anodziviswa nzara, akabatanidzwa kubhadhara chirimwa. Vasikana vacho vaimirira chisingafadzi, asi Nikolai pasi pechifukidziro chehusiku vakamhanyira mumabhegi edzimba nendarama, vachipa vasikana kuti vakudzwe. Maererano nengano dzeKaturike, mabhegi ane goridhe akawira mumatura akaomeswa pamberi penzvimbo yemoto. Kubva ipapo, tsika yabuda kusiya vana "kubva kuSanta Claus" zvipo zviri muzvinyorwa zveKisimusi (masokisi). The Wondosuros nikolai Mitrit yeiyo kurira uye inodzivirira vane mhosva dzakasarudzika. Minamato yakataurwa kwaari inobviswa kubva kurufu kamwe kamwe. Kunamata kwesimbiso kwakakura mushure mekufa kwake.
Kumwe kutaurwa kwechishamiso, chakaitwa nechishamiso cheVosoftoshamisa, Nikolai anobatanidzwa neruponeso rweMuchinda Novgorod MSTISLAVIROVIROVIROvich. Varume vechirwere vaireva kuti ini ndakaponeswa nechiratidzo cheMutsvene kubva kuKiev Sophia Cathedral. Asi maindinhi haana kusvika kuKiev nekuda kwedutu remhepo rakatyoka parwizi. Mafungu manyoro echikepe, pamusoro pechikepe, pamusoro pemvura, nhume yakaona icon yechitenderera pane iyo Silosominker Nikolai inoratidzwa. Muchinda anorwara, achibata kumeso kwemutsvene, akapora.
Vatendi maKristu anodana chishamiso Akathist Akatist Akatist Wondersinker. Ivo vane chivimbo chekuti uyu munamato unokwanisa kuchinja marpa ezvakanaka kana ikaverenga mazuva makumi mana mumutsara. Vatendi vanopokana kuti minyengetero yose yekubatsirwa nebasa uye nezve hutano hwemutengesi hurefu. Nicholas anobatsira vasikana kuroora nevasikana kuti varoore vasikana, vane nzara - bvisa matambudziko ezuva nezuva. Kunamata mumakereke kwakacherechedzwa kuti Nikolai Wakaswand-stinker pasina kunonoka kunopindura munyengetero wemwoyo wose, unotaurwa kubva pachiratidzo chake nemakenduru.
Mushure mekufa
Zuva chairo rekufa kwaNicholas hazvizivikanwe. Fonera 345 gore. Mushure mekubva nyika, imwe yemuviri yakatarisana uye yakashanduka kuita chiitiko chekutanga. Muzana yeIV, Basilica yakaonekwa pamusoro peguva reNicholas, uye muzana remakore regumi nenomwe mumatura echiTurkey, iyo yaimbozivikanwa nenyaya, yakagadzirwa neChechi, iyo magonhi ezana rakavhurika uye mune yezana ramakore reXXI. Kusvikira 1088, zvasara zvevasina zororo mududziro. Asi muna Chivabvu, vatengesi vanobva kuItaly vabati 80% yezvimutsinye, vachivasiya vachimhanyisa kwavari muguva. Inotamisa hupfumi hwakabiwa kuguta reBari - guta guru reItari yeApulia.
Mushure memakore mapfumbamwe, vatengesi veVaitian vakaba vaNiholas vakasara murudziro, ndokuvatama kuVenice. Mazuva ano, 65% yematanho ari muari. Vakaiswa pasi peatari yeAturike yeCatholic ye St. Nicholas. Cheshanu chevashanu cheshanu chasara chinozorora pachitsuwa cheLido, pamusoro pechigaro cheushe chetemberi. MuBarium Basilica muguva reNicholas The Wonosquorker yakagadzira gomba. Gore rega rega musi waMay 9 (zuva, chikepe chakati chikawedzera kuitwa neguta reBari) kubva kubhokisi, tinobvisa nyika, inopora kubva parufu.
Mibvunzo mbiri dzakaitwa pakati uye mukupera kwa1990 dzakasimbisa kuti simba rakachengetwa mumaguta maviri eItari ndeya munhu mumwechete. Anthropologists anobva kuBritain muna 2005 akagadzirwazve pakuonekwa kwehasha. Kana iwe uchitenda kutarisisa chitarisiko, Nikolai Wondersinker aive nekuwedzera kwemamita 1.68, aive neyemukati memohme, ganda remagedhi, maziso akaruka uye nebhuruu uye nedumbu rakapusa uye chin.
Ndangariro
Nhau dzekutamiswa kwezviitiko zveNisholas The Wonders muItari zvakatenderedza muEurope wose, asi pakutanga mutambo wekutambudzika kwevatsvene vezviyo zvakanyorwa chete nezvipingamupinyi chete. MaGreek, pamwe nevaKristu vekumabvazuva uye kumadokero, vakatora nhau nezvekuchinjana kwechiripo nekusuwa. MuRussia, kuremekedzwa kweSt Nicholas kwakapararira muZimbabwe Century. Pashure pegumi neshanu (maererano nedzimwe data, 1091), Chechi yeOrthodox yakatanga 9 (maererano neKarenda yeJulian 22) Dai mhemberero dzekutendeseka kweNlolasorker kubva kuLycian muBari.
Zvakare zvakanyanya, se muRussia, zororo racho rinopembererwa neOrthodox Bulgaria neSerbia. Katurike (kunze kwekukanganisa) haina kupembererwa muna Chivabvu 9. Russian Orthodox pamwedzi mafoni matatu mazuva ezororo akatsaurirwa kuna Nikolai Wondermos. December 19 - Zuva raKefa, Chivabvu 22 - Kusvika kwevatsvene vevatsvene muBari naAugust 11 - Kuzvarwa kweSersi. MuCechi yeOrthodox, The Wososomitorker nicholas inoyeuka nezvinokara neChina yega yega.
Boka rechipiri remazororo rakabatana nekuyeuka kwekuremekedzwa kwakanyanya muRussia kweRussia kunosanganiswa nezvidhori zvinoshamisa nechiso chake. Musi waKurume 1, 2009, tembere ya1913 uye tateguru weparraarch akaendeswa kuBari kuChechi yeRussian Orthodox. Makiyi kubva kwavari akagamuchira Mutungamiri weRussia Dmitry medvedev.
MuRussia, nhamba yezvirongo zvakanyorwa uye yakavakira machekereke eNicholas The Wonosomerker yechipiri mushure memhandara. Pamberi pekutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, zita raNikolai rakanga riri rimwe revanhu vanonyanya kufarirwa munyika. Mumazana emakore-XX-XX, The WosswordRour yakakudzwa kuitira kuti pfungwa iyi yakawanikwa nezvekupinda kweST. Nicholas kuenda kuUtatu Mutsvene. Maererano nekutenda kweSlavic (ngano yeBolarusia Poliliya kuchengetedzwa), Nikolalay ichachinja Mwari pachigaro se "mukuru" kubva kune vatsvene.
Western uye Eastern Slavs hunhu kuna Nicholas The Yoswolas Thermost Possents kubva kudenga uye "kuyambuka" basa rekushambidza kupinda munyika yevamwe. MaSouthern SLAV anonzi "Musoro weParadhiso", "Mufudzi Werefu" uye "kurwa kweNyoka". Ivo vanoti, Nikolay njanji ndeyekutambudzika kwekurima nekuchengeta nyuchi.
VaKristu veOrthodox vanogoverwa muIicography yeNicholas of the chando naNikola. " Mufananidzo uri pamifananidzo dzakasiyana: "Nguva yechando" nyaya yacho inoshamisa inoratidzwa mumupata webhishopi, "" "" "inoona" yakafukunurwa. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti Nikolai Wondermanker anokudzwa naKalmyki neBuryats, kureurura Buddhism. Kalmykov anonzi "Mikola-Burkhan". Iye anokwira vabati vehove uye anoonekwa semuridzi wegungwa reCaspian. Buryats anoratidza Nicholas ane chivimbo chevakuru - mwari werarombo.
Nikolai Wondominker is a saint Claus, pachinzvimbo cheavo vana vanopihwa zvipo. Shanduko isati yashandurwazve, musande yakaremekedzwa musi waDecember 6, asi ivo vakabva vatumira mhemberero musi waZvita 24, saka yakabatana nekrisimasi merry. MuCyvii Century Britain, Nikolai aive "baba veKisimusi", asi muHolland zita rake Sinterklaa, rinoshandurwa saSiter Nicholas.
MuNew York, Dutch, uyo akatanga guta, akaunza tsika yekupemberera Krisimasi naSinterklaa, akawana munguva pfupi Santa Claus. Kubva kuChechi protoType kugamba, zita rasara, mune imwe nzvimbo yechifananidzo iri kutengeserana zvakazara. MuFrance, sekuru veKirisiteshi vanomira kuvana, kune vana veFinnish - Joulupuka, zvakanaka, muRussia uye gore idzva hazvigoneke pasina Santa Claus, iyo prototype yeripi iri musande-mudiwa muRussia.
Simba muRussia
MunaFebruary 2016, musangano weTateguru Kirill uye Papa of the Frentarch Kirill uye papa wechiRoma Francani akaitwa, apo chibvumirano chakasvikwa pakutamiswa kwechikamu chezvitsvene zveBari kuRussia. Musi waMay 21, 2017, zvimedu zveNicolas Wonderrker (Kuruboshwe) zvakaiswa muareka uye kuendesa kuchechi yeMoscow of Kristu Muponesi, kwavakaonana nomufambi weRussia. Kuda kukotama zvimedu kubva munaMay 22 kusvika kuChikunguru 12. Musi waMay 24, Russian President Vladimir Putin vakashanyira tembere. Chikunguru 13, Areadburg kuenda kuSt. Petersburg, Alexander Nevy Lavra. Izvo zvinyorwa zvakavhurika kusvika munaKurume 28, 2017.
Kilometer Vafambi Vakaiswa kuMoscow naSt. Petersburg kune zvimedu zveNicholas of The Wonderosurker muMoscow uye St. Petersburg, ndosaka vakaunza nzira inokosha yekuwana mumatembere. Vanhu vakanyora zvinyorwa kune vatsvene, vachikumbira rubatsiro mukuporesa. Varanda vokupinda nekunyorera kutsva vakabvunzwa kuti vasazokumbira izvi, vachirangarira kuti dzimwe nzira dzeOrthodox dzekukwirira kwevatsvene vari kuverenga Akathists, minamato uye njanter. Zvikamu zvezvinyorwa zveNisolas The Nicholas The WonderMontrker inochengetwa mumakereke evazhinji vetemberi dzeRussia Diocese, mumamisimera veMoscow, St. Peterterinburg.