Biography
Jane Austin ndiye munyori akakurumbira wemabhuku ezvinyorwa, vaverengi vanoziva mabasa emhando yechokwadi. Machira ayo nanhasi anozivikanwa pakati pevechidiki uye chizvarwa chechikuru, uye director vanomhan'arira vanoendesa mabasa aJane kuenda kuTV zveTV.
Zvita 16, 1775 mutaundi diki reStevenson, kuti muMari yeHampshire, iri kumaodzanyemba kweGreat Britain, mwanasikana waJane akaberekerwa mumhuri yevaimba. Sezvo nguva yechando yaive nehasha, musikana akabhabhatidzirwa muchechi chete musi waApril 5th. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti vabereki vemunyori wenguva yemberi vakafanorongerwa mugumo wake, nekuti zita rekuti Jane rinoreva "Mwari ane nyasha".
Mhuri yevaSostino yakararama zvine mwero, Musoro wemhuri yaive mupristi weparambo, uye mudzimai wake akatungamira imba. Vakaroora vakajairana mu St. John College. Cassandra yakaitika kubva kumhuri inozivikanwa inozivikanwa, baba vake vaive revo kukoreji yemweya yese. Dowry Mai Li aive aine mwero, nekuti nhaka yese kubva kuna ambuya yakawana mukoma mukuru James. George aingovawo kubuda kubva kune vakapfuma rudzi rwevatengesi, asi mhuri yake yaive Helleras.
Iyo Epoch yekujekesa mushonga haina kuvandudzwa, uye panguva iyoyo pakanga paine mucheche mukufa: vakafambira mberi kwezvirwere zvakadaro seEpidemic Vapotis, cholera, tuberlosis nevamwe vazhinji. Asi vana vese vaGeorge Austin uye chishamiso chake chaaida chakaramba chiri mupenyu.
Saka, munyori akakura mumhuri yakakura, umo, mukuwedzera kwazviri, vakomana vatanhatu uye musikana mumwe akaunzwa. Jane aive mwana wepeni uye akazvarwa pane mwedzi wegumi wekuzvitakura. Pakutanga, vatsva vakagara pasi pekutarisirwa naamai. Ipapo mukadzi akavapa kuzotarisirwa nokwevakidzani Erizabheti Mwana Mbiri, iyo yakamutsa vana kusvika pamwedzi gumi nemaviri.
Senior James Kubva pauhukama huchiita kugona kwake uye kuita mumabhuku: Akanyora nyaya dzekunyepedzera. Asi kuguma kwakagadzirira jaya neimwe nzira: Kuita, James akatanga kushanda semufundisi muchechi yemuno. Nezve imwe hama - George - nyaya yakanyarara, nekuti Ostini akasarudza kusataura nezvake. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mukomana aive kumashure uye haana kuzombodzidza kutaura. Asi munyori aida George, saka nekuda kwake akadzidza mavara ematsi-uye-mbeveve.
Edward akatorwa nehama dzeOstinov, mukomana akarwa mumhuri yakapfuma ye knight, uye henry - murume anoda chinzvimbo - akashanda semubhengi, uye akabva agamuchira San. Francis naCharles vakasungwa neupenyu negungwa, uye hanzvadzi yaCassandra, kudhirowa pendi nemvura, hakuna kumbowana mufaro muhupenyu hwake. Janeandra naKassandra vakanyorwa mumasangano mazhinji ezvedzidzo, asi vasikana vaisave nerombo rakanaka neRugwaro. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mune imwe yenhamo kuenda kuSoutampton, Jane yaperaidza, uye pakanga pasina mari yekufunda mumhuri yeObsinov.
George akakurumidza kuona kuti vanasikana vake vaisazowana dzidzo yakanaka, saka iye akaita semudzidzisi, achitora mabasa ese ake. Saka, kubva kune hurukuro dzevaEtudite uye nababa vakora kuverenga, munyori wenguva yemberi uye hanzvadzi yake zvakadzidza zvinopfuura pabhenji rechikoro. Iye murume akatarisa pamabhuku, saka vasikana kubva kune vechidiki vekare vakadanana nebasa reShakespeare, Yum, Richardson nevamwe vanyori. Mushure mekuverenga, ivo vakadzora rimwe basa reumwe neumwe mundangariro, vakakurukura zvinyorwa, vakakurukurwa uye vakataura maonero.
Mabhuku
Goethe akamboti: "Murume ane tarenda yekuzvarwa ari kusangana nemufaro mukuru kana uyu kushandisa tarenda." Kutaura zvazviri, Jane akafarikanya chipo chaMwari zvizere: Musikana akatanga kusangana nekunyora kubva pamakore gumi nemana. Akazonyauka nedumbu registolary "rudo uye hushamwari". Zvakare muhudiki, iyo Blesque "nhoroondo yeEngland" uye kunyorwa kwe "cassandra" yakanakisa yezana ramakore 18, semuenzaniso, Rousseau naJeusseba, kuti manzwiro akamira kupfuura chikonzero chaivewo zvakanyorwa.
Naizvozvo, mabasa ekuzorodza kana kusimudzirwa rudo, iverengere nevakadzi venyika, vaisave pasi payo: Jane Austin akapinda munhoroondo yezvehuwandu hwechokwadi, maererano nemirairo yehupenyu hwakaitwa muhupenyu hwayo hwakajeka, pasina anodonhedza fananidzo uye nekunzwira tsitsi, kumukira kwekunyepedzera.
Muna 1811, pasi peiyo psedominonym Mukadzi Jane inoburitsa kusagadzikana kweDissonant 'uye kunzwa kwerudo ", zvizere zvakafanana nehupenyu hwenun'una. kutungamirirwa nepfungwa. Saka, mukufungidzira kweMuverengi, imwezve kusawirirana kuri kukura pakati pehunhu hwomunhu.
Makore matatu gare gare, Jane anotarisa vakadzi vehukama uye naIshe Jehovha "kudada uye rusaruro", ndiani nekufamba kwenguva akaenda kune makotesheni. Izvo zvinokosha kuti Austin akatanga kushanda pabhuku muna 1795 (96), asi bhuku iri harizoita fungidziro yakakodzera kune vaparidzi, saka manyoro aive guruva pasherufu kwemakore gumi nemashanu.
Kutenda chete kune "kunzwa uye kunzwa" - inonakidza iyo yakapa munyori mugwagwa kuenda kunyika yebhuku - basa repiri raAustin vakaona mwenje. Chokwadi, usati wapfuura bhuku, Jane akataura zita rekuti, pakutanga kupfeka zita rekuti "kutanga kuzivikanwa, nekuti kwemakore mazhinji munyori akakwanisa kuchinja maonero ehupenyu uye kuwana ruzivo.
Muna 1814, bhuku rinonzi Rinodzidzisa "Parkfield Park" rinobuda, uye mugore, raJohn Murray Budhiya Housing Houses of Emma, vanoudza kuronga hupenyu hwega kwega kwega uye buddi. Iyi notel yakafadzwa kunyange iyo tenzi weiyo peni Walter Scott.
Muna 1816, Jane anova munyori wechiitiko cheimba yeimba "(rakaburitswa postshuusly), rangano raifamba richitenderedza hupenyu hwaro, iro raive risina basa rekubhuroka nekuda kweshungu dzake. Pane zvese zvakawanda zvevatambi mune iri basa, iwe unogona kugovera mwanasikana ane makore 27 ekupedzisira waLalter ann Elliot, nekuti uyu musikana akasurukirwa igamba reAllpical bhuku raJane Austin.
Kunyangwe zvake achiri mudiki, Ann anoonekwa asati vaverengi ari mumufananidzo wemukadzi akachenjera uye akagwinya, ayo munharaunda anonzi mhandara yekare. Ann akadanana nemumwe murume wechidiki, zvisinei, anotungamirirwa nehasha dzepfungwa, akamuramba kuitira kuti aenderere mberi.
Kana tikataura nezvechimiro chemunyori Austin, saka, iye ane pfungwa dzakasarudzika, anoziva mumweya wevanhu uye mumatambudziko ezuva nezuva, chii chinogona kutongwa nemabasa ake. Uye Jane akashanda kugarisana nemanyoro ezvinyorwa zvezvikamu zvekusanzwisisa uye kusarongeka. Kunyangwe ma epouch anovhenekerwa uye nekuvhunduka uye nekuvhunduka kwemazana emakore apfuura, zvakaipa zvevanhu zvakadaro, sekunyengera, makaro, kudada, kushuva, etc. haana kuenda kubhururuka.
Zvese izvi zvaive kunyange panguva dzemabhora akasvibirira uye mahonyera ekuverenga. Semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kuyeuka kuti kuvenga kweMai Ben. Bennet kuDarcy mukupenya kweziso kunoshandurwa kuva nemufaro mushure mekunge jaya richaita zano remaoko ake uye nemwoyo wemwanasikana wake (" Kudada uye rusaruro "). Saka, Jane akapwanya stereotypes mu fluff neguruva, yaive kune vaverengi yezvinyorwa zvinesimba.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwega hwechirungu chechiRungu hunozadzwa nezvakavanzika uye zvirahwe. Semuenzaniso, bioghrafers havasati vazive chitarisiko chechokwadi chemukadzi. Vamwezve vanoti mukadzi wechidiki akanaka, vamwe vanorondedzera sehombodo yemvura, iyo hama dzakasarudzika muhudiki, dzichirira mumatama. Pane chimiro chemusikana, zvakare, chinoonekwa seyekuzivikanwa uye musikana wekutanga uye plump, ipapo, pane zvinopesana, mukadzi anotyisa uye ane izwi nyoro nezwi nyoro uye hunhu hwakanaka. Nezve kutaridzika kwaJane kunogona kutongwa nemurindi uyo akaitira cassandra muna 1810.
Nyanzvi yacho yakaratidza nyaya dzenyasha dzerudo, asi ivo pachavo havana kumbowana mufaro. Hupenyu hwake hwakatendeuka muna 1796. Thomas langlua Lefra, jaya rakadzidziswa, tsoka dzeHuuenot, dzakauya kuzotsvaga hama dzake dzaigara pedyo neStinov. Tomasi akatorwa nemwoyo wemunyori, chido chekufamba-famba chakashanduka kuita romance pfupi, izvo zvakangotangisa, nekukurumidza uye ugas. Maererano nengano dzemhuri, hukama hwevanhu vechidiki hwakapinda mumugumo wekufa nekuda kwekusagutsikana kwetete aroforia. Gare gare, vanhu venguva nenguva vakataura kuti zviitiko izvi zvinowanikwa mu "nharo dzekufunga", asi Tomas akati aida Jane "rudo rweudiki" - harufariri munhu haareve chinhu.
Asi Austin haana kutungamirirwa nekupokana kwepfungwa, asi akatendeukira kumusikana wemanzwiro, akayeuka rudo rwake nemazuva nehusiku, sekusundira kwaishandiswa kumuromo weEvgenia, "mudiki mukadzi watinoda, "Tichafarira." Nepo vopelist akatambura, Tomasi akarambidza hupenyu hwake pasina kuoma: Akava Mutongi Mukurusa weIreland ndokuroora murume akapfuma Mariya, akapa mukwota evana vasere.
Asi jaya Harris Bigga yaive nezvose zvakavharirwa pane zvinopesana: Iye mukomana aida Jane. Pazvirevo chemaoko nemoyo, musikana wekubvumirana, asi rimwe chete zuva rakanga risingabatsire mushonga wenguva, iye haana kukanganwa Thomas, saka mukadzi akagadzirira ramangwana rekare. Musikana uyu haana kufanira kunzwa semukadzi ane rudo uye kuziva runyararo rwevamai, nekuti vanyori vechirungu vaive vasina vana. Mukusununguka kwake kubva mumabhuku, Jane akaitwa kusona uye akabatsira amai vake kutenderedza imba.
Rufu
Jane Austin akatambura kubva pakuwedzera chirwere (kushomeka kwe adrenal cortex). Kutonga nekiriniki tsananguro, chirwere ichi chinogona kutora makore akati wandei pasina zviratidzo uye kuramba uchionekwa, asi zvinofambira mberi nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu anoshungurudza kana zvimwe zvirwere. Murwere anokanganisa nzara, kusvotwa, kurema, tetania, etc.
Munyori akasara muzhizha ra1817 pagore rezuva rezuva rehupenyu. Akasvika kuWinchester kurapwa, asi musikana haana kugona kurarama nechirwere. Jane haana kuve nenguva yekupedzisa mabasa aShandaton, Watsons uye Mukadzi Susan. Roman "Northern Gabety" yakaiswa poston yakabudiswa.
Mafirimu
Hazvishamisi kuti Austin akazadzwa neicho chirevo chebasa chaisashandiswa.
- Muna 1995, Director ENL LI akatambura neuto "pfungwa nemanzwiro" pane tv skrini. Zvinokosha kuti Emma Thempson akanyora script kwemakore anenge mashanu. Misoro yakaitwa naAmma Thompson, Alan Rickman, Hugh Grant uye vamwe vatambi.
- Muzviitiko 1995, kudada kweMini-kutevedzanuka "kunobuda, uko Jennifer El, Colth Dirth, Suzanna Harker nevamwe vakashanda pachigadziko. Iyi nhevedzano yekutenda kune zano rakazivisa rudo rwechiitiko chechidhirowa kutenderera nyika.
- Muna 2005, Keira Knightley, Matthew Macfadien uye Rosamund pike yakatora muMelodadan "kudada uye rusaruro". Emma Thompson zvakare akaita sechiitiko uye akasarudza kuchinja dialogues kubva kune ruoko rwakanyorwa nemaoko.
- Muna 2006, firimu raJanes reAustin riri kuuya, richitaura munyori uye hukama hwaLefria. Basa reNovelsist rakatamba naAnn Hathaway, naJamer mashavarwo mumudiwa wake.
- Muna 2008, Director Dhani Zeff yakaunzwa kudare revateereri, Bhuku raMari-renhevedzo yeJane Austin "naJamaima Rupper uye Elliot Kowan nyeredzi.
- Mugore rimwe chetero, Jeremy Laving "rudo runokundikana jane austin" akabuda.
BHAIBHERI
- "Rudo uye hushamwari" (1790);
- "Nhoroondo yeEngland" (1791);
- "Masisita matatu" (1792);
- "Kunzwa uye kunzwa" kana "pfungwa nemanzwiro uye" (1811);
- "Kudada uye rusaruro" (1813);
- "Mansfield Park" (1814);
- Emma (1815);
- "Kupopotedzana kwekufunga" (1817);
- "Northern Gabety" (1818).
- "Kassandra yakanaka";
- "Mukadzi Susan";
- Watsons;
- "Sandton";
- "Leslie castle"