Biography
Mambokadzi Victoria ndiyo mumiriri wekupedzisira weHannover Dety, Mambokadzi weGreat Britain neIreland, iyo Empress yeIndia, iyo yakatonga neHurumende 63. Pamusiku wouraye weVictoria, iyo Hannover Daynty inoda mugari wenhaka. Vese vana vevamiriri vamambo Wilhelm IV vakafa vachipinda. Hama ina-akura vilhelhelhe uye iyo chete muzukuru weGeorge II Charlotte Welotte Conline. Asi muna 1817, mwanasikana wemakore makumi maviri nemasere akafa pakubereka, saka vanakomana vasina kuroorwa vaGeorge III, kusanganisira baba veVictoria Eduard, mutungamiriri weKent, akagadzira mhuri dzeKent, kuti azere genus.
Mwana ane makore makumi mashanu okukura akazova muGerman Princess Victoria Saxen-Coburg-Zaalfeldskaya, ari wemhuri yekare emavheni, ayo anobva kuCentine zana emakore anotonga pamiganhu yeMacein paElbe. Pakazosvika nguva yemuchato, princess Victoria yakanga yatove chirikadzi, kurera vana vaviri, Charles neFeodoro, kubva pamuchato wekutanga naTecinder Lenningen. Imwe nguva mushure memuchato, mutungamiriri naDukes vaiitirwa kuGermany, uye apo Victoria akava nepamuviri, Eduard akatora mukadzi / vana vake kuEngland. Princess Victoria Kent akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 24, 1819 mumuzinda weKensington weUK Capital.
Mushure memwedzi misere, baba vemusikana vakafa kubva pneumonia. Muchinda Regent akagadzwa asina mwana wilhelm iv panguva ino. Mambokadzi akarererwa mumuzinda weKensington pahurongwa hwakasimba hwakagadzirwa neDuchess of Kent. Victoria haana kuzombogara ega, akapatsanuka naamai vake uye akadzidza zuva nezuva pasi pehutungamiri hweChirungu - ChiGerman, Chirungu, chiLutin, arin, mimhanzi uye pendi uye pendi. Nekukumbira kwaamai, musikana akarambidzwa kutaura nevatorwa uye anochema muvanhu.
Iye chirikadzi yemhuri yaitsamira pamushandi wekwaichaimbove weDuke weKent John Konroi, akatonga zvinhu zvemari zveMari. Muna 1832, Yuna Victoria, pamwe chete naamai vake uye nemwoyo wose, vakatanga kufamba zuva nezuva pamatanho ari munyika nechinangwa chekuziva nezvevanhu venguva yemberi.
Kutanga kwebhodhi
Pakasvika nguva yekufa kweWilhelm iv pana June 20, 1837, Victoria akasara muHourity, uyo, mushure mechiitiko chinoshungurudza, iyo Bhishopi weCanterbury naIshe Koningham yakatanga kupika. Yekutanga kurongeka kwemambokadzi mudiki akafadzwa kuisiye kweawa yega. Mushure mekuwirirana, iyo yakaitirwa kuWestminster Abbey pamberi pezvinyorwa mazana mana, uye kutamira kuBuckcing Victoria vakabvisa amai naJohn Konroi kubva kunzvimbo dzemuzinda.
Mugore rimwe chetero, hupfumi hwakatanga kusunungurwa kwemari nemufananidzo wehurumende itsva. Mutungamiriri wenhau Lord Melbourne akave mambokadzi. Mumakore ekutanga ekutonga kwaVictoria, iyo rendi yegore negore yakagadzwa, yaive mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu emapaunzi.
Pakasvika nguva Victoria kujoina tron, United Kingdom yaive monarchnal yemabumbiro neine simba rezvematongerwo enyika rakavandudzwa muchimiro cheparamende uye cabinet yevashumiri. Asi mambokadzi akazopedzisira atanga kupa mudhipatimendi reHurumende, achigadza vashumiri uye kupesvedzera zviitiko zvemapato ezvematongerwo enyika. Muna 1842, panguva yaIreland yake muIreland, Victoria akapa mari yemunhu kutsigira kutsanya, mumabasa 1846 pane chingwa chakabviswa kunze, mushure mekunge chikafu kubva muupfu hwacho hwakatanga kubhadharira.
Zvemukati uye zvekunze mutemo
Nguva yemubvumo weMambokadzi Victoria yakanyorwa nemuchinda muindasitiri yeUK, mauto, zviitiko zvesainzi uye zvetsika. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza pesvedzero yemamongi, mambokadzi akasimudza chimiro chavo pakati pehuwandu. Kuva chiratidzo chesimba, Victoria akawana simba pamusoro pendangariro dzezvidzidzo. Hurumende yakakurudzira kuumbwa kwehurongwa hwePuritan munharaunda yehurongwa hwePuritan hwedzidzo, ruremekedzo rwevictoria, rinozivikanwa nekuita unzenza uye kuiswa pasi pehutongi hwekuseka.
Muzera remambokadzi Victoria, pakanga paine mutemo wakasimba wechiitiko munharaunda uye zvirambidzo zvekuroora, zvakatungamira mukuwedzera kwevakadzi vehama dzisina murume nevana. Mitemo yekutsakatanwa yakarambidza vanhu vevane bonde kuti vagare voga mukamuri rimwe chete, kuti vagare mumba imwe chete baba vane mwanasikana mukuru mukushaikwa kwaamai. Vasikana vadiki havana kubvumidzwa kutaura nevatorwa. Vakadzi vakatambura uye kazhinji vakafa nekuda kwekusakwanisa kurapa varume vekurapa. Vanachiremba vaisakwanisa kuongorora murwere, pamwe nekubvunza nyaya dzayo dzinosetsa zvine chekuita nehutano hwake.
Zvakangodaro, kuvaka, mabhuku, mabhuku, kupenda uye mimhanzi zvaive zvichitumbuka muEpotorian Epoch. Muna 1851, kuratidzwa kwekutanga kweInternet muindasitiri kwakaitwa muLondon, uye gare gare engineering museum uye museum wesainzi yakagadzirwa. Kana Victoria, kureba kwenhandare yechitima yechitima yakawedzera kusvika pamakumi matatu nemashanu emakiromita. Nhamba yevagari yakadarika huwandu hwevatakuri vekumaruwa kaviri. Maguta emadhorobha akagamuchira budiriro: mwenje wemugwagwa, sewage, mvura yemvura, madivi, bhiriji uye yekutanga metro yakaonekwa muMegalopolis. MuEngland, mabhuku "capital" yeKarl Marx uye "mavambo emarudzi" Charles Darwin akabuda.
Sezvo makumi mashanu emutemo wekunze, iyo viscount Palmerston, uyo akapa Britain mamiriro epasi rinopindirana mukugadzirisa nyaya dzinotyisa. Kukunda kwemutungamiri weEngland kunosanganisira kusimbisa rusununguko rweBeland kubva kuHolland, mvura yeRussia muUnited Kingring yakavhurwa neImambo nePfupi nzira yekuIndia. Pashure pokunge kukunda kweChina mumakakatanwa eOpium, United Kingdom yakawana mukana wekutengesa kusingaperi kwekutengesa opium mumiteshi mashanu makuru eumambo hweMiddle of wepakati peUmambo. Pakati pe550s, England yakatorawo muhondo yetsotsi neRussia.
Nyika iri pedyo inogara - Ireland yakaramba ichidzikisira kuparadzana neEngland zviitiko, izvo zvakatungamira kuiswa kwehuwandu hwerwizi rwechirungu munharaunda yayo. Muna 1856, mauto eBritish akadzvinyira kusimuka muIndia koloni, achiwedzera kutonga hutongi hwepeninsula. Muna 1876, pakufunga kwemutungamiriri weBenjamin weBenjamin, Dizraeli Mambokadzi Victoria akagamuchira chimiro cheSimburu weIndia. Humambo hweBritain hwakaramba huchiita kuwedzera kwehasha kuenda ku Africa neAsia nyika. Mukutanga kwa80s, kubatwa kweIjipita kwakaitika, uye Sudan.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nemurume wemunguva yemberi kwaAlbert, uyo aifanira kumusikana muCousse, Victoria akasangana muna 1836. Musangano wechipiri wakaitika muna 1839, mushure mekunge Vifia yakapinda muchigaro. Mwoyo wamambambadzi wechidiki wakapunzika, musikana akanyatsoda. Isina kusiiwa isina hanya uye albert saxen-koburg-gothic. Muchato wakaitika munaFebruary 10, 1840 mune chapel yeSt James Palace muLondon. Kuonekwa pamhemberero muchipfeko chena uye chena fate, Victoria yakava mugodhi weiyo yemuchato. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, mwenga akasarudzwa mapepa etsvuku kana dema mavara.
Ukama hushamwari hwakagadzwa pakati pevakaroorana, dzidzo Victoria dzakaramba dzichitaurwa mutsamba. Mambokadzi anoregedza iye anofara kupfuura vakadzi. Prince Albert akafadzwawo nechinzvimbo chake. Mumakore ekutanga ekutonga, muchinda - muchinda akaramba akarara parutivi kubva kuzviitiko, achizadzisa basa remunyori weWawakaroora. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, mabasa mazhinji, kusanganisira munyoreri weInternational, Albert atora.
Kuzivikanwa kweMuroora Wamambo muHurumende kwakapesvedzera kuburitswa kwechipo chakaiswa gumi nemamisi gumi nemufananidzo weVictoria naAlberta. Makumi matanhatu emakumi emakumi matanhatu ekutengeswa akatengeswa, iyo yaive yakatanga tsika yekuroora kutora mifananidzo. Dishi raifarirwa nemambokadzi Victoria yaive chirwere cheVicilla neyemariyo zest uye mastuberries, ayo akazotumidzwa zita rake kukudzwa.
Pakupera kwa 1840, mwanasikana wekutanga akaberekerwa mumhuri yeumambo, maererano netsika yeVictoria. Mambokadzi ane kutsvuka kwaive nemucheche, haana kufarira kubata nhumbu uye nekuyamwisa, asi izvi hazvina kuyamwisa amai vake vamwe vana - (1841), Arthur (1850), Leopold (1850) - uye vanasikana vana - Alice (1843), Elena (1846), Louise (1848), Beatrice (1857). Nekufamba kwenguva, mambokadzi weEngland akakwanisa kuronga michato yevana, nokusimbisa kubatana pakati pemamiriro ekutonga eEurope, nekuda kwekuti ambuya veEurope ".
Muna 1861, Albert akafa mudumbu mudumbu, uye Victoria akanyimwa pakuchema kwemakore akati wandei. Apedza kupora kurasikirwa, Mambokadzi Victoria akatora zviitiko zvehurumende zveGreat Britain. Pakati pama1960s, VaJohn Brown vakava munhu weGweta, uyo akafungidzirwa kubatana neVictoria. Pashure pa11976, mukuremekedza gore rine makore 50 okutanga bhodhi, Victoria akanyora vashandi vanoverengeka kubva kuIndia. Exotic Plenola Queen, uye Hindu Abdul Karim akazova mudiwa wehurumende uye mudzidzisi wemunhu, nyanzvi pane yechokwadi tsika.
Vana vaMambokadzi vaigara kune vakuru uye vakaratidza Victoria 42 muzukuru uye 85 zviyo. Pakati pevana vakakurumbira veMambokadzi Victoria ndivo Mambokadzi weGreatoria Greatld v, King weSpain Juan Carlos I Namambokadzi weSpain Sofia. Mambokadzi Victoria yakava mutakuri wekutanga mune yake hemupilia gemphilia gemu, iyo yakaendeswa kuvanasikana veAlice na Beatrice. Kubva kuvanakomana vamambo vanozungudza vakava Muchinda Leopold. Chirwere ichi chakazviratidza pana sekuru veVictoria - Tsarevich Alexey, mwanakomana akamirira kwenguva refu Emperor Nicholas II uye anodzora Alexandra Fedorovna, mwanasikana wamwana african.
Rufu
Pakati pama1990s, hutano hwaMambokadzi hwakatanga kupera. Victoria akatambura neutsinye, akazvisunga nekati. Hurumende yakatanga kufambira mberi castract uye aphasia. Pakati paJanuary 1901, Victoria akanzwa kushaya simba uye zvishoma.
Emerness akafa musi waJanuary 22, 1901 mumaoko ake eEdward VII uye muzukuru, Emperor, Germany Wilhelma II. Zvidzidzo zvakanyanyisa kufa kwemambokadzi. Kuenda kwake kwakaratidzwa kuguma kweepoch, yaive munhoroondo yeHurumende inonzi "zera regoridhe".
Ndangariro
Mambokadzi Victoria yakazvipira kune zvakawanda zvetsika zvivakwa. Zvichienderana neBiography yeHurumende, mafirimu anowanzogadzirwa (Mai Brown, "Vechidiki Victoria", "Vechidiki") uye Victoria naAlbert "," Sherlock Holmes ". Christopher Hibbert, Everin Anthony, Litton Strair, pendi yehunyanzvi uye mabasa emimhanzi akazvipira kuEpotorian Epoch.
Izita raVictoria riripo mumazita ezvinhu zvezvinhu, maguta, nyika nyika. Zuva rekuzvarwa reMashress richiri zororo renyika reCanada. Zita reVictoria rakashandiswa muBotanic, nyeredzi, kuvaka.