Biography
Rufu rweGreat Khan yeHumambo hweMogalia reGengari harina kugumisa hondo dzegoridhe yegoridhe. Muzukuru weaMutungamiriri wejenesi akapfuurira netsika dzevasekuru vakakurumbira uye akaronga mushandirapamwe wekunyengera wegoridhe munhoroondo anonzi mushandirapamwe wekuMadokero wekuMadokero. Iko kurwiswa kweBidhi kwakawedzera humambo hweGenghis Khan kune inoshamisa miganhu.
Mune rimwe rezvinyorwa zvakachengetwa zvenguva yeBhatya, kune mitsara:
"Akapinda mumhenderekedzo yeMhoti yeMeian inokwira neEurope uye akakunda muguta reKiev, vakaputsa guta, vaSilean uye, pakupedzisira, vakamhanyira kuHungary, iyo yaakaenda kumagumo ndokuenda kune zvinotyisa uye nenyika yose inofara kwazvo. "Mushandirapamwe wekuparadza weBatya paRussia neyekutevera-makore makumi maviri nematatu-mongolia sindano akasara mucherechedzo usinganzwisisike munhoroondo yeHurumende.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iko hakuna chaiyo yekuzvarwa zuva re batya. Muzvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, gore rimwe rekuzvarwa rinoratidzwa. Batu, mwanakomana waJuci, akaberekerwa pakutanga kwezana reXIII. Baba veBatya ndiye mwanakomana wedangwe waGengari Khan, akagarwa nhaka nenyika dzese kumadokero kweRwizi irmyshshi. Zvakare, Juchi akagamuchira nyika yakundwa: Europe, Russia, Khorezm uye Volzh Bulgaria. Genghis Khanra akaraira Mwanakomana kuti awedzere miganhu yeUlus (yeHumambo) nekukunda nyika dzeRussia.
Juci aisada hama. Hupenyu baba Hatiya airarama, panyika dzake. Mushure mekufa kwaJuchi, nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kuzivikanwa muna 1227, mauto kumadokero kweIryshi anonzi geya mugari wenhaka. Genga Khan akatendera kusarudzwa kwe mugari wenhaka. Simba riri mudunhu rakakamurwa nehama: Vazhinji vemauto uye kumabvazuva kweimba yeNyika vakaenda kuDare, uye vamwe vemugeri vakakamurwa nehama dzechidiki.
Kufamba munzira
Biography of Khan Batya - Iyo Nhoroondo yeHupenyu hweHwaro Huru. Muna 1235, rwizi Onon Kurumbyy (kanzuru yeNuty) yakasarudza kutangazve mushandirapamwe kumadokero. Kuedza kwekutanga kusvika Kiev kwakaitwa nemauto eGenghis Khan muna 1221. Anobatwa akakundwa muna 1224 kubva kuVoga Bulgar (Volzhsko-kama bulgaria ndiyo mamiriro eiyo Middle Volga Dunhu), Hingis Khan's Mauto akarega kusimudzirwa. Mushandirapamwe mutsva wakapihwa muzukuru waGenghi Khan Khan Batu. Ruoko rworudyi rweBatius rwakatemerwa Subeadi-bhegi. Subedey akaenda kune ese kukwira neGenga Khan, vakatora chikamu muhondo yekukunda nePolovtsy neRussia mauto kuKalk Africa (iyo yazvino DonseSk Dunhu, Ukraine).
Muna 1236, ndivo vakatungamira mauto muGreat West Campaign. Pasi Polovtsky yakava yekutanga kukunda kwegoridhe horde. Volga Bulgaria vakapinda muMhungu yeMhungu. Paive paine maindarasi akati wandei paRussia. Akarohwa pachavo akatungamira kubatwa kweRyazan Land uye Vladimir muna 1238, muna 1240 - Kiev. Akakunda volga Bulgaria, vakarohwa nehondo vakaenda kuPolevtsy pane iyo Don. Mauto ekupedzisira ePolovtsy akaputswa naMongols muna 1237. Mushure mekuputsa polovtsy, tatar-mongols batya akatamira kuRyazan. Guta rakawira pazuva rechitanhatu rekurohwa.
Nyaya yekare yeRussia "pakuparara kweRyazan Batym" yakachengetedzwa kusvika nhasi, yakanyorwa kupera kwezana reXI. Mune zvinyorwa zvekare, kurwisa kweTatar-mongol pane ryazan muna 1237 kwakarondedzerwa. Khan Bati naHorde yakava parwizi Voronezh pasi peRyazan. Prince Yuri Igorevich yakatumira rubatsiro rweMuchinda Mukuru Vladimir Georgia Vsevolovich. Panguva imwecheteyo, Yuri akaedza kubvisa Batya nezvipo. Khan akabvisa runako, achigara pamusoro pemadziro eRyazan, uye aida kutumira Snooch of Prince eUmraction. Iye murume weEupraxia akaramba uye akaurayiwa. Mukadzi akazviuraya nokusvetuka nenhamba. Kutadza kwakashanda sechiratidzo kutanga kurwa. Mhedzisiro yehondo yaive yekutakura uye kukuparadzwa kweRyazan nemateti eTatars Batiya. Hondo yaYuri yaputswa, muchinda akafa.
Zvinoenderana nengano, Voevod Ryazan Evpathy Kolovrat, kudzoka kumba kubva kuChernilov, akaona guta raparadzwa nemabhuruku. Kuunganidza kuvharirwa kwevanhu 177, kwakaenderera tsoka dzeMongols. Sezvo apinda muhondo isingaenzaniswi nemauto eBatya pasi peSuzdal, iyo squad yakaputswa. Akarohwa, achipa mutero kumota yeKolovrat, inoratidzwa muhondo isingaenzaniswi, akapa mutumbi wekupondwa gavaru, vakaramba vaRussia nemazwi anoti: "O, Eorwaathy! Kana iwe ukandishumira, ini ndingakubata pamwoyo! ". Zita reRYazan Gavhuna Ryazeri rakanyorwa munhoroondo yeRussia padyo nedzimwe, hapana magamba okushamisika.
Wakati aparadza Ryazan, Batya raThya akaenda kuVladimir. Moscow naKolomna, vakamira paKhan, vakaparadzwa. Osada Vladimir akatanga munguva yechando ya 1238. Mazuva mana gare gare, tatars yakatora guta richikuvadza guta. Baty yakarairwa kuti isimbise moto kuVladimir. Vagari vemo vakaurayiwa pamwe chete nemuchato wekutanga. Kurudyi Vladimir, Horde yakakamurwa mune mbiri. Chikamu chimwe chehondo chakaenda kunotora Torzhok, imwe yakaenda ku novgorod, munzira yekupwanya mauto eRussia parwizi. Pasina kusvika nelvgord 100 mamaira, bary yakadzokera kumashure. Kupfuura neguta reKozelsk, Horde akasangana nekuzvidzivirira kwakaomarara kwevatorwa. Osada kzilk akatora mavhiki manomwe. Tungamira guta, nhandare hadzina kusiya ibwe nebwe.
Maodzanyemba ekumaodzanyemba Bati akabata muna 1239. Vari munzira yekuenda kune chinangwa chikuru - Kiev - Khan akaparadza iyo Pereyaslav uye Chernigovera mukuru. Kukomba kweKiev kwakatora mwedzi mitatu uye kwakapera nekukunda kweKhan Batya. Mhedzisiro yeTatar-Mongol Invasion paRussia inotyisa. Nyika yarara pakuparara. Maguta mazhinji haana. Vagari vanoendeswa muuranda muHorde.
Nekuda kwekurindwa kweMongolia kweRussia muna 1277-1248, machinda makuru aifanira kuita kuti kuvimba kwezvematongerwo enyika uye nedavha yezvakakura kubva muMongol Humambo. VaRussia vakabhadhara mutero gore rega rega. Khan Golden Horde Yakarongwa Machinda muRussia ane mavara. Iyo Igo yegoridhe horde yemuchadenga emaoko eRussia akaenderera mberi nehafu nehafu, kusvika 1480.
Muna 1240, yakaputsika nehorde yeKiev yakaendeswa kuVladimir Prince yosolav vsvolovich. Muna 1250, muchinda akaenda nemumiriri weKarcheray kuna Karakorum, kwaakange ari muchetura. Vanakomana vaJaroslav Thrrei naAlexander Nevsky vakatevera baba mune yegoridhe. Andrei akagamuchira mukuru weVladimir, uye Alexander - Kiev naAlev naLovgorodhi. Kiev yakavhurwa neiyo yegoridhe horde nzira kuenda kuEurope. Patsoka yevaKarapa, West Hike yakakamurwa kuita mauto maviri. Rimwe boka rakatungamirwa naBaidar uye Horde vakaenda kuHocing kuPoland, Moravia neSilania.
Mumwe, anotungamirirwa neGia, Kadanan uye Subudem, akakunda Hungary: Kubvumbi 11, 1241, mauto aMambo Bela IV akaputsika nehondo yeRwizi rweSio. Nekukunda kweHungary, Batu akavhura nzira yekukunda kweBulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Dalmatia. Muna 1242, mauto eGoridhe Horde akapinda pakati peEurope uye akamira pasuwo reSaxon guta reMaxsen. Hike kumadokero kwakapera. Iko kurwisa kweRUD kwakadhonza zvikuru tatar tatars. Baty akadzokera kuVolga.
Chimwe chikonzero chekuguma kwemushandirapamwe mukuru ndirwo rufu rweGreat Khan ugteyya, iye mutsivi waGenghis Khan. New Kagan yakava Guuk, iyo nguva yakareba kwazvo muvengi we batya. Mushure mekusvika kweGuuku vakatanga kubatanidza mabhatani. Muna 1248, Hande Han akaenda hiking kuPrning Batya. Asi wakati asvika kuSamarkand, Great Koyuki akafa kamwe kamwe. Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo, Khanh aive nehupfu nevatsigiri veBhatya. Iyo inotevera Great Khan muna 1251 yaive mutsigiri we batya.
Muna 1250, vakarova vakatanga guta rekutsausa-batu (izvozvi - musha weSelitranny Villalitury mudunhu reAsttrakhan). Maererano nekufunga kwevakararama, Saraj-Batu iguta rakanaka rizere nevanhu. Baazaars uye migwagwa yakarova fungidziro yevaenzi veguta. Gare gare, panguva yekutonga kwaKhanbek, guta rakaderera uye rakaburitswa pazvidhinha zvekuvakwa kwenzvimbo itsva.
Hupenyu Hwako
Khan Bati aive nemadzimai makumi maviri nevaviri. Mukadzi mukuru ndiBoracchin-Hatun. Boracchin kubva mudzinza rekureva, nomusoro kumabvazuva kweMongolia. Sekureva kwedata isina kugadziriswa, Biracchin ndiye amai vemwanakomana wedangwe weBatya, Sartak. Kuwedzera kuSartak, zvinozivikanwa nezve vanakomana vaviri vanakomana vaKhan: Tukan naAbukane. Pane humbowo hwekuti pakanga paine mumwe mudyi wenhaka wekuti abhatidzi - uralch.Rufu
Baty yakafa muna 1255. Iko hakuna ruzivo rwakakwana nezvechikonzero chekufa kwaKhan. Kune shanduro dzerufu kubva kuchuru chehupfu kana chirwere chimoto. Mugari weGipirime weBhatya ndiye wedangwe mwanakomana Sarak. Saraki akadzidza nezverufu rwaBaba, ari pachivanze cheMunami-khan muMongolia. Kudzokera kumba, mugari wenheka akafa kamwe kamwe. Khan akava mwanakomana weJualile Sartak Uralch. Boracchin-Hatun yakafanira kuita basa reKhan naiye gavhuna weUlus. Munguva pfupi, Ural wakafa.
Boracchin akapokana nekuuya kusimba muJuciyan Ulus Son Juchi, muzukuru waGenghis Khan Burke. Urongwa hwakaratidzwa, uye Boracchin akaurayiwa. Burke muteveri webumbiro reHama Batu mukuwedzera rusununguko rwe'us. Ndiye wekutanga Khan akagamuchira chiIslam. Munguva yebhodhi, Ulus yakawana rusununguko. Vakatendera kupisa kweiyo goridhe horde pamusoro peRu.
Ndangariro
BATY yakasiya ndangariro inotyisa yeari muRussia. MuBazi vekare, Khanna akaridzwa kuti "vakaipa", "vasina umwari." Mune imwe yeavo vakachengetedzwa kusvika pamazuva ano, unogona kuverenga:
"Mambo akaipa ane zvakaipa akatapa nyika yeRussia, kudeurwa kweropa asina mhosva, semvura, zvakawanda, uye maKristu akasungirirwa."Kumabvazuva, Batyu anotendwa Hanu. MuAstana neArani Bator, migwagwa inonzi mushure mekunge Batu-khan. Zita reKhan Batya rinowanikwa mumabhuku uye cinema. Munyori Vasily Yang akatendeukira kune iyo Biography yeMutungamiriri Mukuru. Mabhuku emunyori "Genghis Khan", "tii", "kune" gungwa rekupedzisira "rekupedzisira rinozivikanwa kune vaverengi. About Bari inotaurwa mumabhuku aAlexey Yugov naIlyas Esenberlin.
Iyo Soviet film yeiyo 1987 Director Yarosolav Lupiir Luya "Daniel - Prince Gallitsky" yakanangidzirwa negoridhe horde uye khana batyu. Muna 2012, zviyero zveRussia zvakabuda pikicha yaAndrei Peskina "OrdA". Pendi yacho dzave nezviitiko zvakatsauka zvakaitika muRussia uye muGolden Horde muCentine century.