Benjamin Franklin - Biography, Mufananidzo, Hupenyu Hwako, mabhuku, makotesheni

Biography

Akapinda munhoroondo yeAmerican semugadziri, musayendisiti, wezvematongerwo enyika, diplomat uye muzivi. Uyezve - muzvinabhizinesi ane tarenda, muimbi, munyori uye muparidzi. Zvakaoma kudaidza iyo nzvimbo umo Bhenjamini Franklin yaisazodaro. Anonzi anonzi "wekutanga American" uye wepasirese munhu. Chiso chaFranklin chinoratidzwa pamadhora zana emadhora, uye basa reiyo nhoroondo munhoroondo nderezvekuti zvinofungidzirwa zvisiri izvo mutungamiri weAmerica.

Hudu uye Vechidiki

Bhenjamini akaberekerwa muBoston mumhuri ye sipo hombe. Kubva kuBritain kuenda kuAmerican, musoro weJosai Franky mhuri yakaendeswa nemukadzi nevana muna 1662: Puritanin aitya kutambudzwa kwechitendero. Mwana wechi 15 - mwanakomana waBenjamini - akazviratidza kutanga kwaive muna 1706. Mushure make, vamwe vana vaviri vakazvarwa. Mumakore masere, Ben akaendeswa kuchikoro, asi mukomana akadzidza chete makore 2: Baba vake vaive vasina imwe mari yekudzidza. Franklin ane makore gumi akabetsera baba vake sipo, asi basa rekushambidzira harina kurova rumbidzo kuti vadzidze. Masikati, Bhenjamini akarova wax yemakenduru uye sipo yakabikwa, uye manheru akaverenga iyo swash. BHUKU RABABA harina kukwanisa kutenga mabhuku, saka ndakaenda navo kwechinguva neshamwari uye vazivikanwe.

Kuziva kwezivo yeiyo mwanakomana akangwara kwakafadzwa nevabereki, asi kusada kwaBen kuti ushande musangano-sipo waiitwa musangano. Kuti uve mupristi, sezvakaita baba, mwanakomana wechi 15, mwanakomana waisada. Naizvozvo, Josiiya akatumira munhu achiri kuyaruka kumwanakomana wedangwe awana typography. Franklin yemakore gumi nemaviri akashanda parutivi, akatakurwa ne typographic bhizinesi uye kunyora ballad. Imwe hama yebhiri yakadhindwa, asi kupera kwaBenjamini hakuna kufarirwa naBaba, avo vaiona nhetembo dzaive Nishera.

Mukoma mukuru vakatora kuti vabudise pepanhau. Benjamin Guta Revanhu Franklin vakanzwisisa kuti kana baba vake vakazoona kuti vakava mutori venhau yekubudiswa, saka zvese zvichapera, sezvinoita nemhanza - kurambidzwa. Naizvozvo, murume uyo akanyora manotsi ari muchimiro chetsamba idzo tsika dzeveruzhinji dzakapwanywa. Vagadziri vechisimba emunyori (mavara akanyoreswa kune pseudonym) akafarikanya kubudirira kwevaverengi. Asi hama pawakadzidza kuti ndiani aive munyori wavo, Ben akaendeswa.

Bhenjamini Franklin akatevedzera mari mubiti uye akapukunyuka kuPhiladelphia, kwaakagara mumba yekutambudza. Tenzi uye akangwara tenzi akaonekwa uye akatumirwa kuLondon, akapiwa kutenga michina uye avhure typography muPhiladelphia, iyo yaizotora mirairo yehurumende. MuBritish Prince akafarira kwazvo Franklin, kuti makore gumi nemaviri gare gare, akava muparidzi wemapepanhau ake oga uye almanac. Mabhuku acho akadhindwa mudzimba dzadzo dzeBenjamini uye akauya nemari. Achiona kuvepo kwemhuri isina mhodzi, Bhenjamini Franklin yakamanikidza mauto pane sainzi nezvematongerwo enyika.

Zvematongerwo enyika

Benjamin Franknlin's yezvematongerwo enyika yezvinhu Benjamin yakatanga muPhiladelphia. Pano akatanga denderedzwa rekukurukurirana, iyo muna 1743 inoshandurwa kuva nzanga yeAmerican yeAmerica. Kutenda kuFranklin muna 1731 muAmerican, iyo yaive panguva iyoyo koloni yeChirungu, raibhurari yekutanga yakavhurika pachena yakavhurwa. Makore gumi nemashanu Bhenjamini akashanda mutenden yemunyori wegungano rePennsylanian, iro rakazotungamirwa. Akatungamira hofisi yepositi yePennsylvania, uyezve nekutumira zvimwe zvinhu zveBritish Metropolis.

Kubva 1757, ane makore gumi nematatu, Benjamin Franklin aimiririra zvido zveAmerica muBritain, uye muna 1770 mubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika uye mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika yeClonics pamakorenda. Sechikamu cheboka rakananga naThomas Jefferson, Franklin akagadzira sketch yejasi remaoko (makuru ekudhinda) eUnited States. Mushure mekusayina kuzivisa muna Chikunguru 1776, iyo yekutanga American yaive yakamira mumusoro weboka rakaenda kuParis kuti uwane rutsigiro muhondo kurwa nehondo. Kusvika nguva yechando, uye naBenjamini, Franklin pasi pechibvumirano yaive yakamira neyechiratidzo cheFrance, uye diplomat yakasiiwa yakasiiwa muParis senhume. MuFrance, akabatana neye masonic loop "Masisita mapfumbamwe", achiva wekutanga American-Mason.

Muma 1780s, vezvematongerwo enyika vakananga sechikamu chevamiriri vanobva kuAmerican vachikurukurirana muLondon, kwaakasaina chibvumirano chevedzidziso, uyo akaisa pfungwa yekupedzisira muhondo yeUS yekuzvimiririra. Bhenjamini Franklin anonzi Democracy "chibvumirano pamitemo pakati pehunhu hwakagwinya." Iye nguva refu Adhama pamberi paAddm Smith akarongedzwa uye akanyanya kutsanangurwa dzidziso yekukosha, achiidaidza nezvakanaka kwete mari, uye basa. Kubva pakutanga kweva 1770s kusvika 1790, Bhenjamini Franklin akanyora autobiography isina kupedzisa. Politikian inotarisirwa kurongedza mune ramangwana seyamonyana nezvenguva inopenya kwazvo yehupenyu. Bhuku rinonzi "Autobiography" rakabuda mushure mekufa kweFranklin.

Pakati pemamwe mabasa anozivikanwa eumwe wemadzibaba eShumwarke mamiriro ezvinhu - mabhuku ake "achifunga nezverusununguko uye kukosha, kunakidzwa nokutambura," "zano rinodiwa kune vakafara" uye "nzira yekuwanda". Iyo LEGENDANY MARIANTAN HAVA KUTI VADZIDZE KUTENDA KWAVANHU. Hupenyu hwaFranklin hwakaratidzwa mumafirimu "John Paul Jones", "John Adams" uye "vanakomana vorusununguko." Mufananidzo wekupedzisira wakabuda pane zvimedu muna 2015. Iyi ndiyo mini-sheer Director kari cedema, inotaura nezve nguva apo United States yaive iyo colony colony. Franklin akatamba Dean Norris.

Hondo Yerusununguko

Munguva yeHondo Yerusununguko rwedu, Franklin yakagadzira chirongwa chemubatanidzwa wehofisi, akatanga basa rePost (rakava pakati pevanyori vechiziviso yerusununguko uye zano kune mukuru-mu- Mukuru weGeorge Washington Army.

Pakatanga kuberekwa Republic rakatanga kutsvaga Allies, Franklin akaenda kuFrance uye akatsanangurwa zvine mutsindo nemishoni. Muna 1778, France kutanga kweiyo nyika yeEurope yakazivikanwa kusununguka kwaAmerica.

Zvigadzirwa uye sainzi

Turakiti resainzi Franklin yakaratidza kunyange mukutanga mwana. Rimwe zuva, chidiki chidiki chakaonekwa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa nekukweva, iyo yakasungirirwa makumbo neruoko. Nemidziyo iyi (yakazotumidzwa zita rekuti mafirita), iye anokwanisa kukwikwidza mumakwikwi. Munguva pfupi, Bhenjamini akavhiringidzwa zvakare neshamwari, achiunza iyo nyoka yepepa kumahombekombe. Achishandisa mhepo yemhepo inopfuura, ikarara pamusoro pemvura uye, akabata tambo, akamhanyira mumvura inorira, senge pasi pechikepe.

Mifananidzo yesainzi uye yesainzi, Benjamin Franklin akapa nguva yakawanda yekusara kubva kune yezvematongerwo enyika uye kusekerera basa: huwandu hwemakore 5-6. Asi kwenguva pfupi kudaro, musayendisiti akawana mibairo inoshamisira. Benjamin Franklin akazova muongorori wemagetsi, kuyedzwa simbi pane inobata-famba, akadzidza kuti ruzha rwemvura runoshanda sei.

Masayenzi akakwanisa kuongorora uye kuderedza "moto wekudenga", izvo panguva yekutinhira yakava chikonzero chehutachiona hunotyisa hunoparadza maguta nemisha. Iko kugadzirwa kwemheni conductor yakaderedzwa moto kusvika zvishoma, uye Immanuel Kant inonzi Benjamin Clanklin "Promethemi". Masayendisiti anokurudzirwa kuunza "uye" "Minus" mumagetsi, akagadzira Mutemo pakuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi, marara emarambi emigwagwa uye flat capacitor.

Hupenyu Hwako

Zvehukama zvematongerwo enyika nevakadzi musoro wakasarudzika we biography. Hupenyu hwaBenjamin Franklin hwakagutswa: Akanzwa murume ane rudo, kuvimbika haasi wake mutsauko. MuPhiladelphia, Franklin akasangana nemusikana anonzi Dhebhora red, akazova mwenga. Asi pakati porekugara kwenguva refu muLondon, jaya rakawira murudo nemukunda wemuridzi wefurati, kwaaigara. Mudiwa wakamupa dangwe, mwanakomana waWilliam. MuPhiladelphia, Benjamin Franklin akadzokera kumwana asiri wepamutemo, uyo Dhebhora akagashirwa naDhibhora. Panguva iyoyo, akaramba ari chirikadzi yemushambadzi, akabva murume akapukunyuka kubva kuzvikwereti.

Vana vaviri vazhinji vakaberekerwa muwanano dzavagari vaDhibhora: mwanasikana Sara naMwanakomana Francis, vakafa aine makore mana, vakatapukirwa nepadiki. Hupenyu nemurume wemukuru wehurumende haana kubhadharisa: vaviri vacho vaigara pamwe chete kwemakore maviri. Zvinonakidza uye Charismatic Franklin aive mitezo mishoma. Pakati pe1990 muBoston, akasangana nerunako rweCatherine Ray. Rudo vaviri vacho Cappet vakagara kusvika mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwePoliticike. Kwemakore akati wandei kwaive neanobatana nemuridzi weimba, maari Franklin aigara nemhuri yake. Izvo zvine hanya kuti rudo rwekuziva rwakagadzirwa mumativi maviri: nemuridzi wemba uye mukuru wake mudiki.

Pakupera kwamakore 1770, Benjamin Franklin, akasangana nemakumi matatu, akasangana naParis yegore ramakore makumi matatu, iro chirikadzi yekukwevera kukazve, iyo inonzi ndiko kwekupedzisira kuchiva kwezvematongerwo enyika. Tsamba yeFranklin yakakurumbira - ine matipi ebonde - mazuva anodzokera kugore ra 17 dobwe. Bhenjamini ane makore 39 akanyora izvozvo kune shamwari isina zita. Mharidzo yakachengetedzwa muzvitoro zveHurumende yeMashumiro yeAmerican yezvinhu zvekunze. Rakaburitswa tsamba muna 1926. Wechidiki wezvematongerwo enyika akarayira shamwari kuti vasarudze mitezo yake yekare uye vakagovana zvakavanzika, nei vakadzi vane vana vadiki vari nani vasikana vari nani.

Rufu

Pepa makumi masere nemasere ezvematongerwo enyika uye musayendisiti akafa muna Kubvumbi 17, 1790. Makumi maviri echiuru akasvika pamariro e "yekutanga American" muPhiladelphia (huwandu hweguta raive zviuru makumi matatu).

Rufu rweWristu rinodikanwa naBenjamin Franklin vakachema mamirioni evaAmerican. Kupfuura chero munhu upi zvake muUnited States akavigwa pamwe nekukudzwa kwakadaro. MuUnited States, kuchema kwemwedzi miviri kwakaziviswa kune vakafa.

Kubudirira

• Vatatu vatatu vezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvemagwaro zvepasi peUnited States: Chirevo chekusununguka cheUnited States, Bumbiro reUS uye nezvevakaitika zvevose zvechibvumirano che 1783.
• Imwe yevashandisi vekuvandudza vekuvandudza veUSA.
• Chekutanga chevaAmerican vakava nhengo yekune imwe nyika yeSt. Petersburg Academy yesainzi.
• Kuwana raibhurari yekutanga yeruzhinji.
• Yakaunza dhizaini yemabhadhare emagetsi anoti "+" "-".
• Yakaratidza magetsi emhando yeZipper.
• Yakagadzirwa mhedzisiro yemheni.
• Yakagadzirwa magirazi ebitiocial.
• Akagamuchira patent yekugadzirwa kwemachira ekumhanyisa.
• Yakatangwa yehupfumi diki-yakaenzana ovheni yeimba, zita rekuti "Franklin's oveni" kana "Pennsylvanian Fireplace".
• Yakatanga kuisirwa iyo yemagetsi yekuputika kweupfu.
• Akaunganidza yakawandisa data pane mhepo yemhepo (Nord-Oda) uye yakataura dzidziso yakatsanangura kwavakabva.
• Nekutora chikamu kwaBenjamin Franklin, yekutanga gorofu rwizi kadhi rakagadzirwa.

Quotes

• Mitemo yakapfava haina kana isingawanzo kuremekedzwa, yakanyanya kuwanda - isingawanzo kunyorwa.
• Dhigirii yekutanga yekupenga ndeyekuzviona sewakachenjera; Wechipiri ndewekutaura nezvazvo; Yetatu - kurega makanzuru.
• Tungamira mari kumuvengi uye iwe uchawana shamwari; Mari yakasendamira kushamwari uye iwe ucharasikirwa nayo.
• Ini ndakapa rusununguko nekuda kwekuchengetedza haina kukodzera kana rusununguko kana chengetedzo.

• Iye anotenga zvisina kukodzera achakurumidza kutengesa zvinodiwa.
• Vatsoropodzi ishamwari Dzedu: Vanoratidza Zvikanganiso zvedu.
• Korona haina kurapa kubva mumusoro.
• Spoogue yekuzorora nehupfumi, iri nehurombo, inodyara nehurombo uye inoenda kunorara nenyadzi.
• Vanogara vaine tariro, njodzi kufa rufu nzara.

• Iyo landpaste, akamira pamakumbo ake, akakwirira zvikuru kupfuura murume munyoro akamira pamabvi ake.
• Mumakore makumi maviri, murume ane munhu anoda, ane moyo makumi matatu nemana, ane makumi mana neshanu.
• Ndiani anoti mari iyi inogona kuita zvese, anogona kuita zvese nemari.
• Nguva imari.
• Usatumire mangwana mangwana chii chingaitwe nhasi.

• Kufamba kumwe kuenzana nemoto matatu.
• Kana iwe uchida kuziva kukanganisa kwemusikana, rirumbidze pamberi peshamwari dzako.
• Tenzi kuti utarise kururamisa hakuwanzo kuve tenzi mune chimwe chinhu.
• Pakutanga kutsamwa kunopera.