Biography
Zvishoma munyika yevanhu vasingazive zita remunyori mukuru Ganssa Christian Andersen. Pamabasa etenzi uyu wenyongo, iwo mabasa ayo anoshandurwa mumitauro zana nenomwe yenyika, hapana chizvarwa chakura. Anenge musha wega wega, vabereki vanoverenga vana vasati vakarara, ngirozi yemuchinda paPea, vakadya uye vakasvibiswa zvishoma, kuti mbeva diki vakaedza kurova muvakidzani-wachi. Kana kuti vana vanoona mafirimu uye katuni nezve mermaid kana pamusoro pemusikana weGrede uyo akarota zvekununura kai kubva kuColat maoko ane stale mambokadzi.
Nyika yakatsanangurwa neAndersen inoshamisa uye yakanaka. Asi pamwe chete nemashiripiti uye kubhururuka kwefungidziro mumatanho ake emafily pane zano rehunyanzvi, nekuti munyori wakatsaurirwa kune vese vana nevakuru. Vakawanda vatsoropodzi vanoshandura mune chokwadi chekuti pasi peganda reNyaty uye rakareruka masitaera eRyley
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Hans Christian Andersen (iyo inogamuchirwa kupereterwa kwerudzi rweRussia ichave yakajeka kupfuura Hans Mukristu) yakazvarwa musi waApril 2, 1805 muguta rechitatu remukuru weDenmark - Hosha. Vamwe biogro vanga vakavimbisa kuti The Andersen - mwanakomana wemupfupi asiri wepamutemo wamambo weKedhia wechiKristu, asi kutaura chokwadi kuti munyori wenguva yemberi akawedzera uye akarera mumhuri yevarombo. Baba vake, vanonziwo Hans, vakashanda neShoweman uye vakadzora magumo nemwi, uye amai vanna Marie Anderdatter sourty uye aive mukadzi mudiki.
Musoro wemhuri waitenda kuti purefuree yake kubva kuimba inozivikanwa: ambuya pamutambo webato racho rakaudza vazukuru kuti mhuri yavo yeboka remagariro, asi izvi zvaasina kuwana kusimbiswa uye zvakapikiswa nekufamba kwenguva. Nezvehama dzeAnderen dzakawandisa runyerekupe izvo zvichiri kufadza pfungwa dzevaverengi. Semuenzaniso, vanoti sekuru vemunyori mutaundi iri mudhorobha - mutaundi ravaiona kupenga, nekuti vaine huwandu hwevanhu vane simba nemapapiro, rakafanana nengirozi.
Hans-Senior yakaunza mwana nemabhuku. Akaverenga IZWANDA "1001 Night" - Chinyakare Arab Faily Tales. Naizvozvo, manheru ega ega, iwo madiki madiki akanyudzwa mukati memashiripiti nyaya dzaShahryzada. Zvakare, Baba vane mwanakomana wavo vakafarira kufamba mupaka munzvimbo yechienda uye vakatoshanyira Theatre, iyo yakaita fungidziro yemukomana. Muna 1816, baba vemunyori vakafa.
Nyika iri chairo yaive yerudo nemuyedzo wetsvina, akakura mwana ane mwoyo munyoro uye ane utsinye. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Andersen aifanira kupomera Tamaki Loy, anongotaura Tabaki, uye mudzidzisi, nekuti mune idzo mabhizimusi akatambudza, saka munyori wenguva yemberi akafunga nezvekutambudzwa kusingafungidziriki.
Angedersen akaramba zvachose kuenda kumakirasi, vabereki vakazivisa murume wechidiki muchikoro chehungwaru wevana varombo. Achigamuchira dzidzo huru, Hans vakava mudzidzi wekudzidzisa, akazodzoserwa muhutongi, uye gare gare akashanda fekitori yefodya.
Hukama nevatinoshanda navo mumusangano weAnderenen, kuti zvipe zvinyoromo, hazvina kubata. Aigara achinyara majee akasvinwa uye majee madiki evashandi, uye kamwe pasi pegonzo rakawanda kubva kuHans akasungira madhiri ake kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mukomana wake. Uye zvese nekuti muhudiki munyori aive nezwi rakatetepa uye kazhinji akaimba panguva yekuchinja. Chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti munyori wenguva yemberi apinde mumanzwiro angu. Shamwari dzejaya dzejaya rakanga riri zvidhori zvematanda, zvaimboitwa nababa vake.
Hashsa paakanga aine makore gumi nemana, achitsvaga hupenyu huri nani, akatamira kuCopenhagen, uyo panguva iyoyo aifungidzirwa kuti "Scandinavia Paris." Anna Marie akafunga kuti Andersen aizoenda kuguta reDenmark kwechinguva, saka akasunungurwa mwanakomana anodikanwa anopisa aine moyo unopisa. Hans akasiya imba yaBaba, nekuti airota kuzove nemukurumbira, aida kuziva hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kutamba danho remitambo yemitambo mune zvekugadzira zvinyorwa. Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti Hans aive jaya nemhino refu nemakumbo, izvo zvaakawana mazita ekutiza "Stork" uye "Lammpost".
Zvakare, Anderen akanyepedzera semunyori wemunyori, nekuti mumba memukomana pakanga paine mutariri wembira, nevanyengeri "vanyengeri." Jaya rakashingaira rine kutaridzika rinosekesa rakagadzira fungidziro yeGarde Duckling, iyo yakaendeswa kumitambo yehumambo kubva kunzwira tsitsi, uye kwete nekuti iye akanyatsokodzera Soprano. Padanho reTheatre Hanssa vakaita sekondari. Asi nenguva isipi inzwi rake rakatanga kutyora, saka ma shades aiona kuti Anderen Onderen of the enethesenti One jaya, rairaira jaya racho kuti riite pfungwa.
Jonas Collin, Mutongi weDanish akananga mari panguva yekutonga kweFrederick vi, aisada kwazvo nejaya racho uye akagonesa mambo kuti aripe kuumbwa kwemunyori wechidiki.
Andersen akadzidza muzvikoro zvinonakidza uye elsinor (kwaakange akagara padhesiki nedzimba, ari mudiki wepfuma, kunyange anga asiri mudzidzi anonakidza: Hans haana kukunda diploma nehupenyu hwake hwese akaita akawanda kuperetera uye kupinza zvikanganiso mutsamba. Gare gare, munyori wenhau akarangarira kuti makore emudzidzi anga arota nezvemaroto ehusiku, nekuti mutambi wacho anogara achishora jaya mufurati neguruva, uye, sezvaunoziva, Andersen aisada izvi.
Mabhuku
Munguva yeupenyu hweHans maKristu, Andersen akanyora nhetembo, nyaya, dzidziso uye mhanza. Asi kune vese vaverengi, zita rake rinonyanya kubatanidzwa neakanaka ngano - munzvimbo yebasa renyaya 156 inoshanda. Zvisinei, Hans havana kufarira munyori wevana, uye akataura kuti anonyora vese kune vakomana nevasikana nevakuru. Izvo zvakasvika padanho rekuti Andersen akarayira kuti pakanga pasina mwana mumwechete pane chija chake, kunyangwe pakutanga chigadziko chacho chaive nechaunga chacho chacho chaive nevanhu vazhinji.
Hans akawana kuzivikanwa uye kubwinya muna 1829, paakaburitsa nyaya yechikepe "Hesy kufamba kubva kuCanal Holman kusvika kumucheto wekumabvazuva kweAmbra". Kubva ipapo, munyori wechidiki haana kusimuka kubva paminhenga neyenkoll uye akanyora kunyora mushure meimwe, kusanganisira vaya vanorumbidza avo vanorumbidza ngano, iyo yakaunza hurongwa hwemhando yepamusoro. Chokwadi, zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvemhando uye mvura yemvura zvakapihwa kumunyori we zvishoma - panguva dzekunyora zvichinyora sekunge dzakatumidzwa nedambudziko rekugadzira.
Andersen yakakwenenzverwa kukurudzirwa kubva muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mukufunga kwake, zvese zvakanaka munyika ino: uye ruva petal, uye chidiki chidiki, uye coil ne tambo. Chokwadi, kana ukayeuka mabasa eMusiki, kunyange muviri wega wega kana pea pod ine inoshamisa biography. Hans aive pamusoro pekufungidzira kwake uye nezvinangwa zveiyo yenyika, nekutenda kwaakanyora "moto", "Swinewa" uye dzimwe nyaya dzakaburitswa muunganidzwa "ngano, dzakatorwa nevana" (1837 ).
Andersen akashongedzwa kuita hunhu hwekudaira vatengesi vari kutsvaga nzvimbo munharaunda. Izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa kugungano, uye mermaid, uye yakaipa dhadha. Magamba akadaro anokonzera munyori anonzwira tsitsi. Nyaya dzese dzeAnderen kubva pakuputika kune crust uncernated neinferoshical zvinoreva. Zvakakodzera kuyeuka iyo Ca Face Tale "chipfeko chitsva chamambo", uko mambo anokumbira kuti vanhu vaviri vamusande zvipfeko zvinodhura. Nekudaro, chipfeko chakazoitika kuti chakaoma uye chine zvachose kubva kune "tambo dzisingaonekwe". Zhuliki akavimbisa mutengi uyo mapenzi chete haaone zvakanyanya mutete. Saka, mambo ari kukanganisa imba muchimiro chisingatarisirwi.
Iye nevataridzi vake havaone mapfekero akaomesesa, asi vanotya kuzviisa pamapenzi, kana vachibvuma kuti Mutongi arikubhadhara zvaakaberekerwa naamai. Iyi ngano inodudzirwa semifananidzo, uye chirevo "uye mambo haana kupfeka!" yakapinda mune rondedzero yemapapiro emapapiro. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti kwete ese emafiredy ledernennennated nerombo rakanaka, kwete mumanyoro ezvinyorwa zvese pane "demoxmachina", kana iyo yekugadziriswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu, ichichengetedza hunhu hukuru (semuenzaniso, muchinda kutsvoda iyo yechando yechando chena), sekunge mukuda kwaMwari kuoneka kubva pasina.
Hans tinoda vaverengi vezvaverengi vekuswera nyika yekopi, uko munhu wese anogara kwenguva refu uye nemufaro, uye, pasina chiratidzo chehana, anotumira musoja wekupenga kune nzvimbo inopfuta yemoto, achipa mhosva munhu akafa kurufu. Muna 1840, tenzi wedhineni anozvidza mumugodhi madiki emhando uye anoburitsa kuunganidza "mabhuku nemifananidzo pasina mifananidzo ', muna 1849 anonyora zita rekuti' baroness mbiri". Makore mana gare gare, bhuku rinoti "kuve kana kusava" kubuda, asi kuedza kwaAndersen kuzvisimbisa sevachiri pasina.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwega hwega hwega hwekutadza mutambi, asi exyny munyori Andersen chisimbiso chakafukidzwa nerima. Zvirikuudza kuti mukuvapo kwese kwese, munyori mukuru akasara mukusaziva hukama hwepedyo nevakadzi kana varume. Iko kurudziro yekuti mukuru wenhau mukuru aive munyasi wegochani (Sezvinoratidzwa neiyo Epishrar Hure), akange ave nehukama hwenyika yake Edward colline, nhaka yekutonga yeAgwine uye neDancer Harald Schraff. Kunyangwe pakanga paine vakadzi vatatu muhupenyu hweHans, nyaya yacho yakanga isiri kuitika, kwete kutaura muchato.
Mukuru wekutanga weAndersen aive hanzvadzi yekumanikidza kuchikoro cheRibrore wighti. Asi jaya rekushaikwa harina kumbobvira rakatsunga kutaura nechinhu chekuchiva kwake. Louise collin - inotevera mwenga emuchina wemunyori - yakamiswa chero kuedza kwekufambidzana uye kufuratira kuyerera kwemavara eRudo. Musikana ane makore gumi nemasere akasarudza Andersen gweta rakapfuma.
Muna 1846, hans vakadanana nemuimbi we opera wechikepe chembudzi, icho, nekuda kwekunzwa, soprano inonzi "Sweden Solovy". Andersen karaul feminine kumashure kwezviitiko uye akapa runako rwevhesi uye zvipo zvine rupo. Asi musikana anokwezva haana kukurumidza kupindura kunzwira tsitsi kwenyaya nekudzoreredzwa, uye anoreva kwake sehama. Angedersen akaziva kuti muimbi akaroora muBritish commoser Otto Goldshmidt, Hanssa ichipinda mukushungurudzika. Kutonhora kwemoyo wemukadzi kwakava prototype yemambokadzi echando kubva kune rimwechete zita remunyori.
Murudo, Andersen akange asina rombo rakanaka. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti iyo nyayaTtener yekutaura muParis yakashanyira mabhuru emarambi matsvuku. Chokwadi, pane kuchinja husiku, ivo Hans vakataura navo, kugoverana hupenyu hwake husina kugadzikana, kugoverana husiku. Paainyorerwa Andersen akazomiririra kuti aive achishanyira dzimba huru dzisina muchinangwa, munyori akashamisika uye akatarisa kuInterlocutor nekunyangadza pachena.
Izvo zvinozivikanwawo kuti Andersen aive fan akatendeka weChicles dickens, vanyori vane tarenda vakasangana nemusangano wekuverenga, izvo zvakagutswa neCalcess BlightSton mune yayo salon. Mushure memusangano uyu, Hans akanyora muDhiary:
"Takaenda kuVeranda, ndakafara kutaura izvozvi, munyori wenguva muEngland, wandinoda zvakanyanya."Pashure pemakore gumi, munyori wenhau akasvika zvakare kuEngland uye akauya mueni asina kukokwa kuimba yeanonamira kumhuri yake. Nekufamba kwenguva, Charles akamisa tsamba neAndersen, uye Dani haana kunzwisisa kuti nei tsamba dzake dzose dzichiramba dzisina kupindurwa.
Rufu
Muchirimo cha 1872, Andersen akabva pamubhedha, achirova kwazvo pasi, nekuda kwezvaakawana kukuvara kwakawanda kwaasina kumbokwanisa kupora.
Gare gare, munyori akawana cancer yeropa. Musi waAugust 4, 1875, Hans akafa. Munyori mukuru anovigwa kuCopenhagen Copenhagen Cemetery.
BHAIBHERI
- 1829 - "Rwendo Rutsoka Kubva kuChannel Holman kuEast Cape Islag Island"
- 1829 - "Rudo pane Nikolava Shongwe"
- 1834 - "Agma nemvura"
- 1835 - "Isimba" (Shanduro yeRussia - muna 1844)
- 1837 - "Violinist chete" chete
- 1835-1837 - "Ngano, dzakaudza vana"
- 1838 - "Kuramba Tin Soldier"
- 1840 - "Bhuku rine mifananidzo isina mifananidzo"
- 1843 - "Nightingale"
- 1843 - "Ugly Duckling"
- 1844 - "Snow Queen"
- 1845 - "Musikana ane mechi"
- 1847 - "Mumvuri"
- 1849 - "Baroneles vaviri"
- 1857 - "Iva kana kusava"