Biography
Ndosaka Sir Wir Walter Scott anonzi baba veChirungu mabhuku, nekuti uyu munyori ane hunyanzvi akazova mumwe wevakatanga kuuya nedzinza renhoroondo. Manyoro eTenzi wetsiva weminhenga akapesvedzera vanyori vazhinji venguva dzechi19 uye mazana emakore makumi maviri. Zvine hanya kuti mabasa aWalter Scott akashandurwa muNyika yeUtari Kumusoro Kwemwenje: Iyo Ruzivo rwakanyorwa nemurume 1829, muma1830s atoverenga zvinonzwika mumagetsi ezvekurera uye Ishe.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori anozivikanwa akaberekerwa mwana wepfumbamwe musi waAugust 15, 1771 muguta guru reScotland - Edinburgh, guta, rakatumidzwa nezvinokwezva, tembere uye mumatambo emabwe. Mhuri yeramangwana yakakura mumhuri huru yePresbyterian (pakanga paine vana gumi nevatanhatu, asi vairarama pasirese yechitatu muchivako chetemberi mune imwe nzira yekuenda kuGedhi rekare renjodzi yekare.
Walter Scott akakwidziridzwa mumhuri yeScotland Progery Gweta Walter Johane. Chitsauko chemhuri chakawanzotaurwa nezvebetsero yepamutemo yevatengi vanokudzwa, asi iyo Walter-mukuru nekuda kwekuzvininipisa uye kupfava kwakatadza kuraramisa nyika. Amai vemunyori, Ana Rutherford, aive mwanasikana wemifunhisi emuchina wekurapa aishanda kuElinburgh Institute. Anna aive mukadzi ane mwero, iverengerwe uye akashamiswa zvinhu zvekare uye nhoroondo nyaya. Unhu uhwu hwakagara nhaka Mwanakomana.
Hazvibviri kutaura kuti humwana hweramangwana remangwana hwaive hunofadza: chirwere chisingatarisirwi chepfu chepfu kuvepo hwemukomana mudiki. Chokwadi ndechekuti kana Walter akazadziswa gore nehafu, akaputswa mitezo yevana, saka mwana akarwira hupenyu makore ese ari kuuya. Muna 1775-17777, Walter akarapwa nemitambo yekutandarira, uye zvakare yaive nePurazi rasekuru (ipapo, mudiki Scoth kekutanga uye akatanga kujairana neVanhu vepamusoro uye vanofarira. Asi chirwere ichi chisingatarisirwi chakafanana neyakawachwa muhupenyu hwake hwese, nekuti munyori mukuru akasiyiwa chrome zvachose (akarasikirwa nekufamba kwegumbo rorudyi).
Muna 1778, jaya rakadzokera kuNatinburgh uye vakatanga kuenda kuInstitution yekutanga yedzidzo. Walter haana kufadzwa nezvidzidzo, kunyanya munyori wenguva yemberi aisada ma algebraic algebraic. Asi zvakakodzera kuti Scott akasimudza mwana mumwe chete: Wakatove pazera ramakore mashanu, akaverenga mabasa ekare echiGiriki eHomer uye aigona kutambanudzwa zviri nyore nemwoyo.
Walter muupenyu hwake hwese aitoita zvekuzvidzidzira, uye bhenji rechikoro harina kusiya chirevo pakuziva kwemunyori. Mushure mezvose, kunyange iyo yekunyora yeConan Deyle Doyle yaiti uropi hwemunhu ihwohwo husina chinhu chaunogona kuzadza chero chinhu. Benzi rinozviita: dzinodurura zvaunoda uye zvisina basa. Uye pakupedzisira, nguva yacho inouya kana chinhu chaicho chichivikanwa hachirege kupunyuka ipapo.
Naizvozvo, kusvika kune "Attic" yaunoda, Walter inoisa ipapo inonyanya kubatsira, sezvavanotaura, kunyanya. Naizvozvo, mune ramangwana, iyo midziyo huru yeruzivo inodiwa yakabatsira Scott akanyora chero nyaya.
Walter-mudzidzi aive akashata, anowanzoita zvekumanikidza uye anokwereta uye akashevedzera kumhanya nekuchinja. Uye zvakare, iyo Walter mumabhureki pakati pezvidzidzo zviri pakati pezvakangoitika zvevanogona kuitika: Mapoka evaridzi vezera rakakomberedza ramangwana reramangwana uye vachiri kutyaira nyaya dzinoshamisa dzakayeuchidzwa nemavara evanyori vakuru vevanyori vakuru.
Zvakare mumakore eJunior, Scott akatanga kuve akakurumbira mhirizhonga: Mukomana akakundwa nyore nemamo emakomo, achidyisa budices muenzaniso weushingi, ushingi uye kudzidziswa kwemitambo kwakanaka. Pakazotevera munyori wemangwana, akapinda mukoreji. Asi chirwere cheGenesi zvakare chakagadziridzwa: Mushure megore, mudiki Scott akapukunyuka hemorrhage yemukati, nekuda kwezvaasina kugona kuramba uchidzidza.
Muech epozo yekujekeserwa, mushonga hauna kuvandudzwa, tsika dzakawanda dzekurapa dzemakore iwayo rave kurova vaverengi vemazuva ano. Kuunza mamiriro emuviri kune zvakajairika, Walter Scott aifanira kuenda kuburikidza nematenderedzwa ese egehena. Mukomana wemaawa akawanda akamira asina kupfeka muLyudo claus, akaendawo kune imwe nzira yeropa, uye aive akagara pasi pekudya kwemwedzi mutsawo maviri uye akaganhurirwa pachezvake. Mushure mekurapwa kwenguva refu, kwaigarika makore maviri, murume wechidiki akadzokera kumusha kwake uye akaenda akatsika tsoka dzababa vake, achiva mudzidzi muhofisi yake.
Walter haana kufarira basa rakafanana mubereki wemubereki, pepa repalante rakangoshuvira kushuva kwejaya racho. Asi kubva kuCoutine basa Scott achiri akaedza kuti azvitsaurire iye: Kuti mazuva anoregedza, murume wechidiki akaedza nerubatsiro rweiye iyo inkwell uye peni inoratidzwa papepa zvinoshamisa nyika. Zvakare, kunyorwazve akasiyana-siyana magwaro emutemo, Walter akagamuchira mari shoma, iyo inoshandiswa pamabhuku aunofarira.
Pakusimbirira kwemubereki, Walter akasarudza maitiro epamutemo. Muna 1792, jaya rakapfuura bvunzo kuyunivhesiti uye vakagamuchira musoro wegweta wegweta. Kubva pane izvi pane, Scott yakanyorwa munharaunda ine munhu anonzwira tsitsi ane basa rekunakisa nedzidzo.
Makore ekutanga ehupenyu hwekushanda Scott anoshandiswa nekubatsirwa: akafamba mumaguta akasiyana siyana uye nyika, anoziva hupenyu uye nedzimwe nyaya dzevamwe, pamwe nehasha dzevamwe uye mhanza dze scotland. Nekudaro, nzendo dzakadaro dzaingoenda chete kune vanyori veLovice uye vanoratidzwa mune dzakawanda dzidziso.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Walter akatanga kupinza munyika dzakakura dzeGerman nhetembo: jaya rine kudedera rakashandurwa mutsara wese weMatrov. Dudziro dzakaburitsa Incalgnito, isina zita nemunyori weBurger inonzi "Len" vaverengi "(vaRussia vanotaura mazwi eZhukovsky) uye Gonethe" Gonethe "Getz von Berlikhing
Mabhuku
Sir Walter Scott, seFranz Kafka, haana kutenda kuti munda wekunyora anogona kutorwa semhosva huru muhupenyu, uye zvakare aisada kuwana kukuzivai, kuchiisa zvinyoro-nyoro, Scott akarembera pasina kunyora pasina kutaura. Kunyora kweScott kwaive kusiri chinhu chinopfuura basa raunofarira uye varaidzo, iyo inotarisisa nzvimbo dzekuve uye dzinoita manzwiro matsva uye pendi pane yekuvandira.
Nyanzvi inosarudza kuvapo zvakadzikama uye kuyera, kushandisa nguva yakakura kwazvo kubasa rake raida - kudyara miti. Iyo yekugadzira biography yeWalter Scott yakatanga kwete chete neshanduro, uye zvakare kubva munhetembo. Basa rake rekutanga - iyo Ballad "John Manheru" (1800) - akadzidziswa nezvinyorwa zvekudanana. Munyori akaramba achiunganidza scottish folklore, iyo yaive yakavakirwa pazvinyorwa zvake zvine manyoro.
Muna 1808, Walter Scott anova anogadzira mutserendende, akagadzira bhuku riri mundima dziri pasi pezita rekuti "Marmion". Zvinoshamisa kuti, kunyangwe marara akadaro anokwira pasi nekudonha pamwe chete neanotora-offs: Ziva kuti Scott akapatsanurwa sei nevatsoropodzi neguruva. Chokwadi ndechekuti avo vakatarisisa chiziviso cheMatra: kunaka uye kusanzwisisika kwakasanganiswa muProtagonist kwake, uye hunhu hwakadai hwaive husina kukodzera kune gamba reLyrical.
Francis Jeffrey akataura kuti Fabul Mampion aive flat uye anonetesa. Asi kugamuchira kwakadaro kwevanyori hakuna kukanganisa mukurumbira wemunyori. Vanyori veRussia vakagamuchira bhuku riri mundima ne bang. Semuenzaniso, Zhuhuvsky akadudzira akasununguka akasununguka mukusikwa kwake "Dare kugomba rake", Mikhail Lermontov, sokunge anomhanya Walter, Izmail-Bay ", zviito zvake zvisati zvaitika muCaucasus. Uye kunyangwe maByron pachavo akawana zano rekuti "mamamioni rinotaridzika uye akashandisa vamwe vavariro mune zvake zvakawanda zvisikwa.
Scott akanyora mabasa e "madziva maviri" (1810) uye "Rockby" (1813), nekuda kwekuti akazova muvambi wechokwadi genre nyowani - nhetembo yenhetembo. Uyezve, munyori, seShakespeare, akasanganiswa nehunyanzvi muhombodo imwe uye ngano, uye zvakanakisa. Saka, nyaya iri mumabasa aTenzi wepeni haina kumira munzvimbo, asi yakaenderera mberi: iyo yemugumo yevakakurudzira shanduko yeiyo nguva.
Iye munyori akashora akaverenga gothic uye ekare novels, asi haana kuenda kuburikidza nemitorite. Walter aisada kushandisa zvakanyanya kusanzwisisika, pakurasikirwa kweiyo Edgar software yaive yakakurumbira, uye zvakare haina kuda kuve Munyori we "mabasa e" ekare ". Mukufunga kwake, vazhinji vaRighisms vanongoita muverengi asingamiriri weeople yekujekeswa.
Kunyangwe Walter Scott kubva pakuzvarwa achitambudza hutano husina kusimba, pamwe nemaziso akashata, akashanda zvakanyanya zvakazara uye akakwanisa kugadzira mabhuku maviri egore. Zvakare, tenzi wenyare muhupenyu hwake akakwanisa kunyora 28 zvinyorwa, pamwe nemabhora mazhinji uye anotungamira, zvinyorwa zvinonetsa uye mamwe mabasa ekugadzira.
Mabasa emunyori, akadai sepuran (1816), "Avedzi" (1819), "Abbatl" (1820), "Talisman" (1825), "Hupenyu hweNapoleon Bonaparte" (1827) uye vazhinji Vamwe vava Bhaibheri re desktop kune vanyori vemakore anotevera. Semuenzaniso, Charlotte Bronte, Arthur Conan Doyle, Byron, Jane Austin uye mamwe manhamba ekunyora aivimba nemanyoro aya.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwaScott hwaive nehungwaru. Mumakore makumi maviri, vafambi vari muchipfuva vakatanga kukura museve weCupid: Jaya rakanangana nerudo kune imwe Williamne Bellšes, mwanasikana wemutemo, aive mudiki pane mubairo wemakore mashanu. Munyori wemakore mashanu akawana kunzwira tsitsi kubva kuMusikana wechidiki uyu wemhepo, uyo akatora mutambi achikonzera, asi haana kukurumidza kutonhorera guruva rake nemhinduro isina kujairika.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, Villemina akasarudza kufamba kweumwe murume wechidiki - William Forbes, mwanakomana wemutengesi ane mukurumbira. Rudo rusina madzikiso rwava kurova munyori wezvevhu, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo wakapa mabasa matsva, avo vaProtartonist vaive magamba nemwoyo yakaputsika.
Muna 1796, munyori akaroora muvezi waCharlotte, uyo akapa mudiwa wevana vana - vasikana vaviri nevakomana. Muhupenyu, Walter Scott haana kufarira zvine ruzha uye akawedzera kushatirwa, muvambi wezvechokwadi mundima akashandiswa kupedza nguva kuyerwa, akakomberedzwa nemhuri uye nevadiwa. Uye kunyange zvakanyanya Salter yakanga isiri yeDonzhuan: Munhu anozvidza matare okurwa padivi uye aive kumagumo kwemumwe mukadzi.
Tenzi akakurumbira webinhi aida mhuka dzinovaraidza, uye zvakare yakanakidzwa neimba. Scott anozvitsvakisa, pasina chero rubatsiro, akaveedzera estate yake ebbotsford nekudzora mavara mazhinji nemiti.
Rufu
Mumakore achangopfuura ehupenyu, hutano hwemunyori zvakanyanya hwakawanda, Walter Scott akapona paapoposhi matatu. Uye mukuvhuvhu wa 1832, Tenzi ane makore makumi matanhatu nemasere akafa nekurwiswa kwemwoyo.
Mukuyeuka kwemunyori, midziyo yakatangwa, pamwe nemachinda uye mafirimu emhizha.
BHAIBHERI
- 1808 - "Marmion"
- 1810 - "Deva Nyanza"
- 1811 - "Chiono cheDon Roderika"
- 1813 - Rokby
- 1815 - "Waterloo Shamba"
- 1815 - "Reluer Islands"
- 1814 - "Waverley, kana makore makumi matanhatu apfuura"
- 1816 - "Puritan"
- 1820 - "Abbat"
- 1823 - "Quentin Dorvard"
- 1825 - "Talisman"
- 1827 - "Vaviri Vanokuvadza"
- 1828 - "Kamuri ine tapestries"
- 1829 - "Karl akashinga, kana aziva Gederteinsaya, Virgo Mraka"
- 1831 - "Kuverenga Robert Paris"