Biography
Ivan Franco ndeye yakakosha belletrist, mudetembi, weruzhinji uye sainzi. Nhaka yeiyo yakasarudzika ndeye yakakura, uye kukanganisa kwetsika kwakaoma kufungidzira. Muna 1915, munyori akaiswa pamberi pemubayiro weNobel, asi kusvika pakufunga, kushingirira kwaIvan Franco hakuna kuzadzisa rufu rwaContener.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ramangwana rakasarudzika reAkraine mabhuku akazvarwa mumhuri ine hupfumi. Musoro wake ndiGarician Peasant yakoov Franco - Wakawana mari yeiyo yaimbova bhizinesi, uye amai - Maria Kulchitskaya - Waibva "zvakanaka". Murume mudiki kwemakore makumi matatu nematatu, mukadzi anobva kune varombo-vashoma-shamhu, shroves yakamutsa vana. Makore ekutanga ehupenyu classic anonzi blond.
Ivan Franko akatasva makore gumi nemashanu, Baba vakafa. Amai vakaroora kechipiri, baba vekurera vakatsiva vana vaBaba. NeIvan, akasimudza ushamwari uye akachengeta hupenyu hwake hwese. Muna 16 Ivan akava nherera: haina kuita mms.
Muchikoro cheDrohobych, kuimba yeKaturike, Ivan ndiye aive mudzidzi wepamusoro: Vadzidzisi vanoreva ramangwana remudyari. Iye murume aive nemusoro memoremenari - hurukuro dzakataurwa sezvakakodzera, uye Kobzar aiziva nemoyo.
Franco aiziva chiGerish uye chiGerman, shanduro dzeBhaibheri, hurombo dzakaverenga veEuropean Classics, inoshanda munhoroondo uye nesainzi yemasikirwo. Kugadzira mari nekudzidzisa, iyo Gymnasist Ivan Franco yakakwanisa kuunganidza raibhurari kubva kuSemi-Tech mabhuku. Achiziva mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, aikoshesa Hondo yake yeUkraine, akaunganidzwa uye akarekodwa vhongwe dzakanyorwa, ngano.
Ivan Franco akararama muhukama huri kure, aive aine bhizinesi rekuveza muDrohobych. Zvakaitika kuti jaya racho rakanga rave rakarara mumabhokisi matsva akasungwa (iyo nyaya "mumabatiro"). Muchirimo, ramangwana remangwana rezvinyorwa zveUkraine Namatira mombe muNaguevichhi uye vakabatsira baba vokurera mumunda. Muna 1875, Ivan Franco akagamuchira chitupa neanokudza uye akapinda muLviv University nekusarudza chimiro chehunyanzvi hweuzivi.
Mabhuku
Chinyorwa chekutanga Ivan Franco akadhindwa muInyunivhesiti Journal "shamwari", nekuda kwake akatendeukira mune yakadhindwa organties yevandomupuma. Donoms of Asinalers uye maitiro ekutsikisa akakonzera kusungwa kwekutanga kweIvan Franco uye nhengo dzeDhite Board "shamwari".
Franco akatongerwa mavhiki matanhatu, asi akasunungurwa mushure memwedzi miviri (mwedzi misere yakamirira dare). Jaya racho rakaiswa mukamuri kuti riite mhosva kune matsotsi, murombo, uyo murombo, uyo urombo hurombo. Kukurukurirana navo kwaive kwekunyora kwemabasa ekunyepedzera, ayo, mushure mekusunungurwa, Ivan Franco akadhindwa muEditions anodzivirirwa. Nhau dze "kutaurwa kwetekuru" kunoendeswa kumitauro yekune dzimwe nyika uye inonzi yakanakisa mukodhi yemunyori wemunyori.
Mushure mekubva mumabhuku ejeri, Ivan Franco akatarisana nemaitiro enharaunda inochengetedza: "tsotsi" rakatendeuka uye vanhu naRuvaolles. Kubva kuYunivhesiti, vechidiki vakadzingwa. Mudiki wekuchinja nemaonero emagariro akazviwanira mumubhadharo wevarwi neAustria monarchy. Ndiine shamwari M. Pavlik akaburitsa magazini yacho "shamwari yeruzhinji", kwaakaburitsa nhetembo, zvinyorwa uye zvitsauko zvekutanga zve "BOA CONTARSOROR".
Nenguva isipi mapurisa akatora bhuku, asi Ivan Franco akatangazve kubuda muZita rakasiyana, rakawanda rekutaura - "bhero". Iyo magazini yakadhinda nhetembo yeFranco - "Masonry" ("Kamatyarі"). Uyezve kutora nguva nekuchinja zita. Munyaya yechina uye yekupedzisira yemagazini yacho, inonzi "nyundo", Ivan Yakovlevich yakadhindwa kuguma kwenyaya nenhetembo.
Ivan Franco akaburitsa magazini uye nepasi pevhu nemabhodhi emabasa emabasa eCharles Marx uye Friedrich Engels, kune iyo yekutanga iyo preface. Muna 1878, Shanduko yeGaricio yaive yakatungamirirwa nemagazini "Praca" ("basa"), kushandura nhengo dzeprovince mubhuku revashandi veLVIV. Mumakore awa eaya, Ivan Franco akashandura nhetembo Heinrich Heine "Germany", "FACA" Johann Goethe, "Kaini" Biamon, akanyora anoseka ".
Muchirimo cha 1880, munzira inoenda kuKolomonu Ivan Franko, vezvematongerwo enyika vakawira parutivi rwevarimi veKoloya, avo vaipoterwa nemutemo vakatungamirirwa nehurumende yeAustria. Mushure mekugara kwemwedzi mitatu muIvan Yakovlevch ka jeri, ini ndakaendeswa kunaNaguyevichi, asi munzira yekuenda kumusha kune hunhu hune hutsika, akawira mumugove wejeri muDrhobych. Inoonekwa yakava chikonzero chekunyora nyaya "pazasi".
Muna 1881, Ivan Franco inoburitsa magazini yenyika, inodhinda nyaya "Borislav inoseka." Vaverengi havana kuona misoro yekupedzisira yebasa: magazini yakavharwa. Nhetembo Ivan Franko akanhonga magazini "mwenje". Pane izvi, kuunganidza "kubva pamapendero uye akaderera" akakurumidza kuumbwa. Mushure mekuvharwa kwe "mwenje", munyori anomanikidzwa kuti awane, akadhindwa mumabhuku evanhu. Mumakore aya, nyaya yakakurumbira "Zakhar Berkut" Zakhar Berkut "yakabuda mumagazini" Zalla ", asi munguva pfupi, asi musiyano wemunyori we" Zya rakapera "rikaguma.
Pakati pe188s, vachitsvaga mari, Ivan Franco yakauya kaviri kuKiev, kufanotaura mari kubva kuCapital Liberals kuenda kuGoney Yemagazini yake. Asi iyo mari yakavimbiswa yakanga isiri muIvan Yakovlevich, asi mupeji reZari. Muzhizha ra 1889, vadzidzi veRussia vakasvika muGariya. Pamwe chete navo, Ivan Franco akatenderera achitenderera nyika, asi munguva pfupi boka racho rakasungwa, Franco akapomerwa mhosva yekuedza "kubvarura" Galicia kubva kuAustria uye chinangwa chekubatana neRussia. Mwedzi miviri gare gare, boka rose rakaburitswa pasina kutongwa.
Mukutanga 1890, Franco akanyora dissertation yekudzidzisa, achitora nhetembo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzeTaras Shevchenko sehwaro. Asi iyo yunivhesiti yeLviv haina kugamuchira dissertation yekudzivirira. Ivan Yakovlevich akaendesa dissertation muChernivitsky yunivhesiti, asi akandimerwa ipapo. Mukuvhuvhu wa 1892, munyori akaenda kuVienna, kwaakanyora kusawirirana pamusoro pebhuku rekare rechiKristu. Mugore muAustria, Ivan Franco yakapihwa dhigirii rachiremba weuzivi.
Muna 1894, mushure mekufa kweDhipatimendi reUkraine mabhuku, purofesa O. Ogonovsky, musoro neDhipatimendi reUkraine mabhuku, muLviv University, iri kuyedza kutora nzvimbo isina. Kutaura kwake kweyedzo kwakakonzera kufarira kukuru pakati pevadzidzi, asi kuDhipatimendi Ivan Yakovlevich haana kutora. Kusvikira pamakumi maviri nematatu ezvisikwa eIvan Franko, vanyori uye vechidiki vekusika veUkraine vakapembererwa zvakanyanya, muunganidzwa wenhetembo "yangu izmaragd" akabuda.
Shanduko ya1905 muRussia yakakonzera munyori, akabvuma kuita chiitiko nemubvunzo "Moses" uye muunganidzwa wenhetembo "Semper Tiro", izvo zvaisanganisira nhetembo "vanokunda".
Pakutanga kwehukama hwe100 yeIvan Franco neUnyika neUkraine nyika, mumusoro weiyo Mikhail Grushevsky akamira, akapinza. Muna 1907, kuedza kutungamira department muLviv University kwakazotadza zvakare: Chirevo chaFranco hachina kutomboonekwa. Tsigiro yakabva kuKharkov: Iyo University Yakapiwa Ivan Yakovlevich iyo degree reDr. Russian mabhuku. Munyori nemasayendisiti muRussia nePridneprevskaya Ukraine vanokudzwa.
Ivan Franco, sematanho ake uye akararama panguva, akadzokorora akataura nezvebhaibheri, bhaibheri. Kududzirwa kwemunyori wekunyora kwehurumende kwechiKristu kuri kwekutanga. Muenzaniso unopenya kwazvo muenzaniso wenyaya "ngano yeupenyu hwusingaperi."
Muna 1913, munyori uye sainzi akacherekedza gore rechina makumi mana ezvekusika, asi chinyorwa chejubheri kuunganidzwa kwakamiswa nekuda kwehondo youmpenzi iri pamusoro. Makumi maviri emhando uye nhetembo zvazvinoita matra akaburitswa mushure mekufa kwake.
Akazara, Ivan Franco akanyora zviuru zvishanu zvemabasa mashanu. Vakararama vacho vakamufananidza nevanhu vakuru veRenaissance, vanonzi "muviri wakakura wekutsiva kudziya kweUkraine rose." Asi kutaura nezve hupenyu hwekirasi yeUkraine, vanowanzoyeuka kuti: "Ivo vanorangarira samwari, vanouraya, uye vakaipisisa kupfuura Psa varombo vanorarama."
Hupenyu Hwako
Nomukadzi ramangwana reOlga, munyori weChinese akasangana muKiev ari pakati pegumi nemasere. Ivan Franco anga asiri murume akanaka: Akachena-ane bvudzi, ane maziso anodzima, akaderera. Akakwezva vakadzi vane zvinoshamisa, zvinofambira mberi maonero uye enisaikoropidic ruzivo. Runako Olga Anodiwa Galichanin. Yambiro yehama neshamwari jaya ndeimwe jaya reimwe denderedzwa, haana kuita chero chinhu. Ivan Franco akanonoka kumuchato: kuisa muchato wakapwanywa, akaverengerwa bhuku risingawanzo muraibhurari.
Kufambisa maKievans kuenda kuGalicia haana kuunza mufaro: Iwo akakurumbira Lvivyanki anonzi Olga "Moskalda", mukadzi wechidiki, anopesana nekuedza, aisakwanisa kuva zvake. Mhuri umo vana vana vakaoneka mumwe mushure meimwe, mukuda mari. Ivan Franko haana kutora basa, akateverwa nemapurisa uye nesimba, kusika kwakaunza mari mwero.
Vanakomana Andrei, Tras, Peter nemwanasikana Anne baba vakaverenga ngano dzehama, Ivan yako yakovlevich navo neGerman. Mumusha wekwaMunhu weFranco, akafambisa vana musango uye parwizi. Olga anorara, achishandurwa kubva kuGerman neFrench, akanyora zvinyorwa zveAlmanchi, akakurukura nezvakanyorwa nemurume wake. Asi hupenyu matambudziko nehurombo hwakarerutsa psyche isina kugadzikana - Olga airatidza kusendama kutevedza kutyisidzira kutyisidzira.
Muna 1898, Ivan Franco akagamuchira mubairo wenyika. Kune iyi mari, olga yakawedzera iyo yasara kubva kuimba yekudzora uye yakatora kuvakwa kweimba muLVIV. Asi ini ndakanga ndisingakwanise kurarama mumba matsva ndichifara. Kushushikana kwepfungwa kwakawedzera, kutya uye kuputsa kwakatanga kuIvan Yakovlevich. Kudonha kwekupedzisira kwaive kufa kwemwanakomana waAnderi muna Chivabvu 1913, Olga akawira muchipatara chepfungwa.
Rufu
Mwedzi yekupedzisira yehupenyu hweIvan Franco akararama mune pekugara kuti Sich Schiechov: Vanyori vakaonana nevazvipiri. Kusvikira pamakumi matanhatu emakore, Franco haana kurarama mwedzi mitatu. Akafa zvakakwana woga oga. Mwanakomana Taras ari kuutapwa, Peter akarwa, mwanasikana waAnna akashanda muKiev chipatara.
Iye munyori akafa pamba: Franco akatiza kubva pamusha muna Chivabvu 1916. Mugore iro, akasarudzwa mubairo weNobel, asi unopihwa mupenyu. Pakanga pasina musayendisiti uye munyori muna Chivabvu 28. Vakamuviga muLVIV LVIV LYCHAKOVSky Cemetery Cemetery.
BHAIBHERI
- 1877 - "Chikara Chikadzi"
- 1880 - "Pazasi"
- 1882 - "Zakhar Berkut"
- 1882 - "Borislav Anoseka"
- 1884 - "Boa Constanceor"
- 1887 - "LEL uye Fillas"
- 1887 - "Yatsi Zelepuga"
- 1890 - "Mis Mikita"
- 1891 - "Adventures of Don Quixote"
- 1892 - "Mufaro Wakabiwa"
- 1894 - "mbiru dzeboka"
- 1895 - "Abu Casimov shangu"
- 1897 - "For Home"
- 1899 - "Of Oine"
- 1900 - "Trails Cross"