Biography
Bhodhi renzvimbo yeFrance monarch Louis xiv inonzi Great, kana iyo Goridhe Age. Biography of mambo iyo zuva hafu ine ngano. Mutsigiri akagutsa wekusunungura uye madzishe emadzimambo, akapinda nenyaya semunyori wemutsara"Nyika ndeyangu!".Chinyorwa chenguva yemamambo anogara pachigaro chechigaro cheushe - makore 72 - haana kurova chero mambo weEurope: Chete zvikamu zvevamwari veRoma vakaramba vaine nguva yakareba.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Kuonekwa kweWeughne, mugari wenhaka weBourbon, mumazuva ekutanga aSeptember 1638, vanhu vakasangana nekuora. VABEREKI Vabereki - Louis Xiii neAnna austrian - vakamirira chiitiko ichi chemakore makumi maviri nemasere, nguva yese iyi muchato wakaramba usina vana. Kuzvarwa kwemwana, kunze kwemukomana, maFrench anoonekwa senyasha pamusoro, achidana Dofina Louis Ludetonne (Bogodhan).
LICE yenyika uye mufaro wevabereki haina kuita kuti mwana afare afare. Baba vaBaba vakafa vane makore mashanu, Amai naamai vaya vakatamira kumambo Roya Roya, Pakutanga imba yamambo yeRichelieu. Mudyi wenhaka wechigaro akakurira muAscete Mamiriro ekunze: Cardinal Mazini - iyo yaunofarira Hurumende - yakadhonzera simba, kusanganisira manejimendi echivigiro, paari. Mambo mudiki wemupristi wezvesimba haana kunyunyuta: mukomana haana kuratidza mari yacho kuti varaidzo uye vadzidze, Louis-Letonne aive nemapfekero maviri emapfekero maviri, mukomana akarara pamashiti leaky.
Mazarini akatsanangura kurwira kwehondo yevagari - frond. Mukutanga 1649, kutiza kubva kune vapanduki, mhuri yemamambo yakasiya Paris uye yakagara munzvimbo yemugwagwa mumakiromita gumi nemaviri kubva kuguta guru. Gare gare, kutya kutya uye kunyimwa zvakashandurwa kuva rudo rweLouis Xiv kune simba uye kusaziva marara.
Pashure pemakore matatu, dambudziko rekutambudzika, kusagadzikana kwakaburukira, uyo akapukunyuka kamari paakadzokera kune simba. Iyo Brazda yemamiriro eiyo mamiriro aisapa kurufu, kunyangwe Louis akafungidzirwa kuti kufukurwa kubva muna 1643: Ndiani akazoita basa nemwanakomana wemakore mashanu, amai vacho vakarasikirwa nesimba reMazarini.
Pakupera kwa 1659, hondo pakati peFrance neSpain yakapera. Chibvumirano chePyrenean chakasainwa chakaunza nyika iyo yakaunza imba yeLouis Xiv uye Princess of Spain Maria Teresia. Mushure memakore maviri, Cardinal akafa, uye Louis XIV akatora humbowo hwebhodhi mumaoko avo. Mambo ane makore 23 okukura akakonzera chinzvimbo chemushumiri wekutanga, akaunganidza dare reNyika uye akazivisa:
"Iwe unofunga kuti vanyoro here kuti nyika iri iwe?" Nyika ndeyangu. "Louis XIV akajekesa izvozvo kubva panguva ino haana kutarisira kugovana simba. Kunyange amai, avo, kusvikira nguva pfupi yadarika, Louis aitya, nzvimbo yacho yakaratidzwa.
Kutanga kwebhodhi
Pakutanga, iyo mhepo uye inowedzera kuRefly uye Defegen's Fefgen yakashamisa courteili kuti vazive uye vakuru nevakuru vachinja. Louis akazadza mapundu mune dzidzo - pakutanga aisakwanisa kuverenga nekunyora. Kubva kune zvakasikwa, zvine musoro, vadiki Emperrer mheni inodedera muchinetso chedambudziko uye akaigadzirisa.
Louis airatidzwa zvakajeka uye muchidimbu, nyika nyaya dzakapa nguva dzese, asi kuzvitevedzera uye kuzvikudza kwemambo mambo aive mukuru. Mahara ese ehumambo aiita kunge ari kuzvininipisa, saka muna 1662 Mambo zuva rakavhima muzvikoro zvekuvhima muWestamiles Makore makumi mashanu ari pagadziriro yayo yaive 12-14% yemari yegore regore.
Makore makumi maviri ekutanga ekutonga kwemashuwa aigara muLouvre, ipapo mumatipi. Iyo suburban castle versuerles eversueles yakava yekugara zvachose yeLouis XIV muna 1682. Mushure mekutamira kune yakakura leuis louis muEurope, pakanga paine nzvimbo pfupi pfupi muguta guru.
Hukuru hweumambo hwehumambo hwakasundira Louis kuti ugadzire mitemo yemabhuruku epfuti ane hanya neiyo diki ruzivo. Kuti atambudzwa nenyota, Louis akamwa girazi remvura kana waini, vashumiri vashanu vaifanira. Munguva yekudya chinyararire patafura, chete monarch yaive yakagara, chigaro hachina kukurudzirwa kunyange huku. Mushure mekudya kwemanheru, Louis akasangana nevashumiri nevatungamiriri, uye kana airwara, kanzuru yakakokwa kwazvo nefivha yehumambo.
Manheru, Versailles akavhurika zvekunakidzwa. Vashanyi vakatamba, vakabatwa nemidziyo yekuwedzera, vakatamba makadhi kune iyo Louis yaive yakapindwa muropa. Mahwanda emuzinda akadanwa, zvichienderana nezvakapihwa. Iyo yakajeka girazi galery yaive nehurefu hwemamita makumi manomwe uye muhupamhi hwe10: Ruvara rwemakara kubva pasi kune iyo corling yekushongedza Kuzvishongedza kwehama uye vatambudza kuti vapise moto.
Nedare ramambo, vanyori nevanyori vakashandisa nyasha. Mukuverengera vadzidzi, iyo comedies uye mitambo yeMoliere, Jean Racina naPierre Cornel. MaSquerade akarongeka mumuzinda mumuzinda, uye muzhizha yezhizha uye jelly akaenda kumusha weTrianon akasungirirwa kune versiercels minda yemaveriya. Pakati peusiku, Louis, inofudza imbwa, dzakaenda kuruva, kwaakaenda kunorara mushure metsika refu uye mhemberero gumi nemaviri.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvematongerwo enyika
Louis XIV akaziva nzira yekutora mafambiro anokwanisa uye vakuru vakuru. Gurukota rezvemari Jean-Barist Colber akasimbisa kugara zvakanaka kwekirasi yechitatu. Nayo, kutengeserana uye indasitiri zvakabudirira, iyo Fastener yechikepe. Marquis de Luvua akachinja mauto, uye maronda nehondo yeinjiniya marquis de Voban akavakira nhare dzakazova nhaka yeUNESCO. Verenga de Tunner - Secretary of State for Afficires - Akazova wezvematongerwo enyika ane hunyanzvi uye diplomat.
Iyo State manejimendi pasi peLOUIS 14th yakaitwa makumi manomwe nematanhatu. Misoro yematunhu akagadzwa Louis. Vairaramisa zvinhu mukurwisa kugadzirira kana kurwa, kusimudzira kururamisa kururamisa uye vakabata vanhu mukuteerera kwemambo.
Maguta akachengetedzwa emakambani kana matipi anosanganisira burgomistrays. Kuomarara kweiyo yemari system yarara pamapfudzi eBourgeois yeBourgeois uye varimi, izvo zvakaramba zvichitungamira kumhiri uye mhirizhonga. Stormy Kusagadzikana kwakakonzera kuti kuve nenhamba yemutero pachigadziko chebope, icho chaive mhedzisiro yekukwira muBrittany uye kumadokero kweHurumende.
NaLouis Xiv yakatora kodhi yekutengeserana (Ordonance). Kuti vadzivise kutama, monarch akaburitsa mutemo, uyo anga abva munyika, iyo nzvimbo yakasarudzwa, uye vagari vaya vaishandira kune vatorwa vengarava, chirango cherufu chakamirira pamba.
Zvinyorwa zvehurumende kuna mambo zuva rakatengeswa uye rakagarwa nhaka. Mumakore mashanu apfuura, kutonga kweLouis muParis kwakatengeswa zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emamiriyoni emamiriyoni emamiriyoni emamirioni. Kubva muchivigiro chezvipo, machinda haana kubhadhara - ivo vaigara pakurasikirwa kwemitero. Semuenzaniso, manels akagamuchira basa kubva kune imwe neimwe chifukidzo bhara - kutengeswa kana kutengwa.
Jesusits - VaConformist of the monarch - Yakatendeuka Louis muchiridzwa chekuita kwechiKaturike. Masangano - Huguenot - vakasarudzwa temberi, vakarambidzwa kubhabhatidza vana uye kuroora. Kuroora pakati pevaKatorike uye nevaipurotesitendi vakarambidzwa. Kutambudzwa kwechitendero kwakamanikidzwa mazana maviri ezviratitendi ekutamira kuEngland muvakidzani neGerman.
Kunze kwenyika
NaLouis France yakarwira zvakanyanya uye yakanyatsobudirira kurwa. Muna 1667-68, uto reLouis rakabatwa Flanders. Pashure pemakore mana, hondo yakatanga neHollandvakidzani, kuti ibatsirwe iyo Spain neDenmark. Nenguva isipi maGerman akabatana navo. Asi mubatanidzwa wakarasika, uye France yakafambisa Alsace, lorraine uye nyika dzeBelgian.
Kubva 1688, kukunda kwemauto kwekukunda kweLouis kunova kwakawandisa. Austria, Sweden, Holland neSpain, uyo akabatana nekutendeka kweGerman, akabatana muAGSBURG League uye akapokana neFrance.
Muna 1692, mune cherbourg harbor, masimba emapuranga akapwanya ngarava yechiFrench. Panyika, Louis akakundwa, asi hondo yakada mari yakawanda uye yakawanda. Varidzi vevaridzi vakapandukira kuwedzera kwemitero, ivhairiyo yesirivheri kubva kune versailles kuenda kunonhuhwirira. Iye Mambo weMambo akakumbira rugare uye akaenderera mberi nekubvumirana: Akadzoka Sofoy, Luxembourg neCatalonia. Yakazvimirira yakava lorraine.
Iyo inonyanya kuneta yaive hondo yeLouis yenhaka yeSpain yeSpain muna 1701. Kupesana neFrench zvakare United England, Austria neHolland. Muna 1707, valies, vanofamba kuburikidza neAlps, vakapinda muridzi weLouis zviuru makumi mana emauto. Kuti awane mari yekurwa, ndiro dzegoridhe dzakatumirwa kunhuhwirira kubva kumuzinda, nzara yakatanga munyika. Asi masimba evanoshanda aomeswa, uye mune 1713 maFrench akasaina nyika yeUtrecht neBritish, uye gore gare gare muRiestirte - vane Austria - neAustria.
Hupenyu Hwako
Louis XIV - Mambo, uyo akaedza kuroora rudo. Asi kubva parwiyo rwemashoko haruzorashe kunze - haisi yesimba remadzimambo. Louis yemakore makumi maviri okuda akadanana neane makore makumi maviri nemasere-ane makore emakore ane makore gumi nemasere emakore, musikana akadzidza Maria mancini. Asi enyika feasibility akabvunza vachibva kuFrance kwemamiriro nyika pamwe vokuSpain, izvo zvinogona copped kubudikidza muchato mabhazi kubva Louis pamwe Infanta Maria Teresia.
Mukudai pasina Louis mambokadzi amai uye makadhi kuti amubvumire kuti atore mukadzi waMaria - akamanikidzwa kuroora Spaned Spanish. Maria aive akaroora muchinda weItaly, uye muParis ari muchato weLouis naMaria Teresia zvakaitika. Asi kuti tirambe takavimbika kumurume wemauto aitadza kumanikidza chero munhu - rondedzero yevakadzi veLouis XIV, uyo waiva nezvirevi, zvinoshamisa kwazvo.
Nguva pfupi apambwe, Mambo wetsinye akaona mumwe wake wemukoma wake, Duke of Orleans, - Henrietta. Kuti azvifungidzwe kubva pachezvake, mukadzi akaroora akaunza Louis ane makore gumi nematanhatu ane makore gumi nematanhatu. Blonde Louise de la Walter KhRomala, asi aive Mila uye aifarira lovyas louis. MuRoma ane makore matanhatu neanoda neLouise akashongedzwa korona yekuzvarwa kwevana vana, ivo, mwanakomana nemwanasikana akararama kusvika munhu mukuru. Muna 1667, mambo akabviswa kubva paLouise, achimupa musoro waDuchess.
New Favorite - Marquis de Montiespan - Akashandurwa kuti arege kupesana neLa Walter: guruva brunette nehupenyu hwepazasi uye hunoshanda hwaive neLouis XIV 16 makore. Akatarisa kuburikidza neminwe pane iyo intrigues yeiyo love louis. Mukwikwidzi maviri emafambisirwo akaberekwa akabereka Louis nemwana, asi Montispan akaziva kuti vaDarelas vaizodzokera kwaari vakamupa vana vasere (vakapona mana).
Montespan Marsorgal kune anopikisa, akazova hutongi hwevana vake - chirikadzi yeiyo skarroni nhetembo, Marquis de Marrethenon. Mukadzi akadzidza anofarira Louis akapinza pfungwa. Akataura naye kwemaawa uye akaona pazuva rimwe chete iro pasina Marquis Comentenon Anosuruvarisa. Pashure porufu rwemukadzi waMaria Teresyia, Louis XIV akaroora mentenon uye anoshandurwa: Monarch akazoita zvechitendero, pakanga pasina chekuita zvekare.
Rufu
Muchirimo cha 1711, mwanakomana wemamambo akafa kubva padiki-dippox - doof Louis. Mudyi wenhaka wechigaro, akazivisa mwanakomana wechigaro, iye mutungamiriri weburubwe, muzukuru wa mambo, asi akafa negore kubva pakufevha. Mwana akasara ndiye mukuru-sekuru weLouis Xiv - akagashira musoro weDofina, asi anorwara zvitsvuku uye akafa. Pakutanga, Louis akapa zita reBourbon kuvanakomana vaviri, raakadzora kubva pakuroora de Montespan. MuTestamente, vaitsamwira uye vanogona kugara nhaka yechigaro cheushe.
Nhevedzano yerufu rwevana, vazukuru uye makuru-kumusoro vakarerutsa hutano hweLouis. Monarch akakwenenzverwa uye kusuwa, akarasikirwa achifarira muzvinhu zvehurumende, aigona kurara mumubhedha uye kudhora zuva rese. Kudonha kubva kubhiza panguva yekuvhima kwaive kweMambo ane makore makumi manomwe nematanhatu: Louis akakuvadza gumbo, gangrena rakatanga. Yakataurwa navanachiremba Vanovhiya - Kucheka - Rimwe Rakarambwa. Monarch akaita zvekupedzisira mirairo pakupera kwaAugust uye akafa musi waSeptember 1.
Mazuva 8 okupedzisira Louis akati goodhi akati vadzidzi, vakasara vepfumbamwe vakatakurwa kuenda kuBasilica yeSalis-debbey uye vakaviga tsika dzeKatorike. Nguva yebhodhi yeLouis Xiv yakapera. MAMBO Zuva Zuva remakore makumi manomwe nemasere kusvika zana nemakumi matatu.
Ndangariro
Nezve nguva dzezera guru dzabviswa kwete mafirimu gumi nemaviri. Yekutanga - "Simbi Mask" inotungamirirwa naAllan Donon - yakabuda muna 1929. Mu1998th Louis Xiv XIV muAdventure Tepi "murume mune Iron Mask" yakatamba leonardo di Caprio. Maererano nefirimu, France haana kupihwa kubudirira, asi iyo mapatya, ayo akagara chigaro.Muna 2015, iyo French-Canadian TV TV SEALE "Versailles" pakutonga kweLouis uye kuvaka kwemuzinda kwakauya kuchinhu. Mwaka wechipiri wepfungwa wakabuda muchirimo cha7 2017, pamusoro pegore rakatanga kupfura wechitatu.
Manhamba emazano akanyorwa pamusoro peLouis. Biography yake yakafuridzirwa kuti igadzire dzidziso naAlexander Duma, Ann uye Serzh Golon, Juliette Benzoni.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Zvinoenderana nengozi, amai vaMambokadzi vakabereka mapatya, naLouis 14th vaiva neimwe hama yaaivanza kubva ziso rakanaka pasi pemask. Vanyori venhoroondo havasimbisi kuvapo kweTwin munun'una muLouis, asi havarambe zvakabatana. Mambo aigona kuvanza hama yekudzivirira kushushikana uye kwete kutanga kuvhundutsa munharaunda.
- Mambo aive nemunun'una wake - Philip Orleans. Dofin haana kuedza kugara pachigaro cheushe, achigutsa mamiriro ezvinhu akange aine dare. Hama dzinonzwira tsitsi, Firipi anonzi Louis "Pope diki."
- About the Rabalazian nziyo Louis XIV SALGENS: Monarch mune imwe yakagara kudya zvakawanda zvavaigona kukwana kwemasikati mese. Kunyangwe husiku, vidiner yakaunza mambo kune chikafu.
- Zvirikuudza izvozvo, mukuwedzera kune hutano hwakanaka, zvikonzero zvechinongedzo chekunyepedzera Louis yaive neye akati wandei. Mumwe wavo - mumuviri wemamambo akararama ribhoni horm (ketani), saka Louis akaomeswa "iye uye murume iyeye." Zviratidzo zvawakachengetedzwa mumishumo yematare.
- Vanachiremba vezana ramakore rechi 17 vakatenda kuti mudumbu ane hutano yaive mumatumende asina chinhu, saka Louis aigara achinzi. Hazvishamisi kuti mambo wezuva aipinda mumba yekutandarira kubva pa14 kusvika gumi nemaviri pazuva, kusagadzikana kwemudumbu uye kugadzirwa kwegasi kwaigara kuchisimba.
- Dare redare Daca vaitenda kuti hapana hutachiona hukuru hwemazino kupfuura meno akapambwa. Naizvozvo, akabvisa mazino nemambo wekuremekedza kwakarererwa kusvikira makore makumi mana mumuromo weLouis haana kusiiwa. Kubvisa mazino akadzika, chiremba akatyora mambo Jaw, uye akarurudza kumusoro, akaburitsa chidimbu chedenga, nekuda kwekuti Louis aive aine gomba. Nechinangwa chekuregererwa kwaDaka chakaunganidza tsvimbo yakanzwikwa yedenga.
- Kudare reLouis Perfume uye anonhuhwirira poda rakashandiswa muhuwandu hukuru. Pfungwa dzeHutsanana muzana ramakore rechi 17 rakasiyana neZvazvino: Tsika dzinogeza madzishe uye Chelyadi yakanga isiri. Asi kunhuwa, kuganhurirana kubva kuLouis, kwave mufananidzo mumaguta. Chimwe chezvikonzero chinhu chisingachinjiki chikafu, chakanamatira mumazino gomba mudenga ramambo.
- Monarred akadaidzira. Mukugara vadzidzi uye dzimwe nguva, Louis akaverenga mibhedha 500, mumambo weWardrobe pakanga pane chiuru pakanga pane chiuru, uye makumi mana ematumba akasungwa Louis.
- Louis Xiv inofungidzirwa kune yevanyori emahombekombe pane chitsitsinho neakatsvuka chete iyo yave prototype ine sergey tambo "LABABAEN". 10-centimeter zvitsitsinho zvakawedzera monarch (1.63 metres) kukura.
- Mambo wezuva akapindawo nyaya serimwe sosi yerudzi (Grand Maniere), iyo inoratidza kubatana kwekare uye baroque. Imba yamambo yemufananidzo wemhando yeLouis XIV inogara yakawandisa nezvigadzirwa zvekushongedza, tambo, gungwa.