Biography
Russian munyori, nhetembo, mushanduri Vasily andrevic zhuvsky akaberekwa munaFebruary 9, 1783. Mukurumbira wakasvika kuMusiki Kutenda neshanduro uye Fairy Tales "kurara Tsarevna", "Tile yeTsar Berechie."
Nezvekuzvarwa kweVasily zhuhuvsky ari kuisa pasi ngano. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vabereki vemunyori wechipiri vaive vechipiri makuru uye muridzi wepamhepo, iyo Tula, Kaluga Province yeAzanasy Ivanovich Bunin uye Turkhanika Salha, uyo mushure mebhabhatidzo akagamuchira zita Elizabheti Dementievna turchanvna. Munhoroondo yezvakaitika kare zvinonzi zvinonzi murume akaroora Maria Grigorievna bunina. Asi kubatana hakuna kuunza mugari wenhaka kumuridzi wevhu. Ichi chaive chikonzero cheTollchanino's Concubine. Musikana akauya nemwanakomana waunoda Bunin.
Andrei grigorievich zhukovsky akatora mukomana, kunyangwe chokwadi icho pachivanze ivo vakaziva kuti Baba Vasily. Steph yaibva kune varombo varidzi veKiever. Nhoroondo yeMabhuku I. Yu. Vinitsky anotenda kuti mamiriro acho nekuzvarwa kwemugari wenhaka aive akaomesesa, pane kuungisisa nhoroondo dzakawanda dzemunyori.
Nezera rechipiri, zvisina kunaka, pakukumbira kwaBaba Bunin, akava mushandi weAsttraakhan Gusargment regiment. Mushure memakore mana, akazivisa kuburitswa kweZhuuko nyowani nyowani - Ensigri. Nguva pfupi iyi musoja wechidiki, akadzingwa. Muna 1789, Mudzidzisi eKim Ivanovich anosvika kumukomana. Nehurombo, hunyanzvi hwaGerman hwemaGermany hauna, saka, kudzidza kwaari pachake kwakabvuma baba naArei zhuhuvsky.
Kwapera gore, mhuri yeBunin inofamba kuenda kuTula. Vadzidzisi vePokrovsky vanokokwa nekukurumidza kuVasilia. Mudzidzisi panguva iyoyo akanzwa munyori uye fan yekare. Asi hunhu husina basa hwaZhukovsky akatungamira kuchokwadi chekuti Pokrovsky akaramba kushanda nejaya. Baba Vasyly mudzidzisi akataura kuti tarenda remurume risipo, saka hapana chikonzero chekudzidziswa.
Nhaka yaAthaniasi Bunin mushure mekufa kwake vakapfuura vanasikana. Zhuhuvsky akawana zviuru gumi zvikwazari. Panguva iyoyo, yaive huwandu hwakakosha. Rimwe gore mushure mekufa kwaBaba, vakashanyira chikoro che boarding, akabva apfuudza bvunzo dzekubvuma kwechikoro chevanhu chenyika. Mushure memwedzi mishoma yekudzidza muZhuuko Institution, vanodzinga kusakwanisa kunzwisisika sainzi.
Vilesly anosarudza kuenda kuPivot Sista Varvar Yushkova. Munharaunda yemanor yemukadzi wechidiki aive akagara mumba yekutandarira. Pano zhukovsky akatanga aziva kuti anoda kuve mutyairi. Muna 1794, munyori anogadzira dambudziko rekutanga parangano rePluttarch "Camill, kana Roma Roma". Gare gare, mimhanzi inoonekwa ichibva peni yemakona, iyo yakavakirwa paanouya "Paul naVirginia".
Dzidzo yeMusemade haina kukwanisa kupa iyo zivo inodiwa yeZhukovsky, saka hanzvadzi yepfuma inotsanangura zvisina kunaka kuenda kuMoscow University pension. Pabvunzo, mudetembi airatidza mwero wepamusoro wechiFrench muridzi uye chikamu cheGerman. Chikoro che boarding chakatemerwa kuziva kwezivo yemabhuku. KuYunivhesiti yeZhukovsky yakaita shamwari ne Andrey Turgenev. Jaya rakapesvedzera zvakanyanya rimwe basa remunyori. Mumba yevaenzi, Vasily Andrevich anonyora nhetembo dzekutanga, kusanganisira manyorerwo.
Mabhuku
Nzira yekugadzira yeVasily zhuhuvsky yaive minzwa uye isiri nyore. Huya pane hupenyu hwehetembo kana prose munyori haakwanise, saka zvakatorwa neshanduro. Zhuuko tarenda iri pane ino tarenda yakafarikanywa kwazvo nevaridzi, kusanganisira Platon beketov, muridzi weimba huru yekudhinda yekudhinda. Back muMoscow University Guest Imba, Vasily Andreevich akasangana Nikolai Kamzin, uyo akazova mudzidzisi uye zano reZhuhuvsky kwemakore mazhinji.
Iyo shanduko yemutauro weRussia worussia akafunga kuti basa rake rekushora basa remuwadi. Asi Kamazin haana kukanganwa nezve rumbidzo. Mudzidzisi aigara achiratidza zvirevo zvinobudirira uye turnver inoshandiswa naZhukovsky mumabasa. Kubva 1808 kusvika 1820, mudetembi aive mutsva wekudanana.
Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka mumhanza yenguva, semuenzaniso muLyudmila. Sezvineiwo, basa iri shanduro yekugadzira yeiyo yeGerman nhetembo G. A. Burger. MuLyudmila, zhukovsky inoratidza nyanzvi yemanzwiro aripo muhupenyu hwake.
Makore mana akatora Vasily andSirevich kugadzira Svetlana Ballad. Nhetembo iri yakavakirwa paLenor, yakagadzirwa naG. A. Burger. Basa rakasiyana neLyudmila nekufara uye kunakidzwa. Shamwari zhuhuvsky A.S. Pushkin akaonga zvakanyanya basa raTenzi.
Chikamu chisina kujairika chehupenyu, vasily zhuhuvsky vakaramba vari shanduro. Mudetembi aive nechipo chechisikigo chakamubvumidza kushandura nhetembo dzakanakisa, mhanza dzemabhuku epasi rese. Vily Andreevich Zvakanyatsojekesa Chikuru Chikuru kusimba kwechiGerman uye akapfuura mashiripiti enhetembo naI. Goethe "sango tsar" panguva yekushandura muRussia.
Zhuhuvsky Aifarira kugadzira, saka munyori aigara achidudzira mabasa enhetembo dzakakurumbira, asi panguva imwechete iyoyo haana kukanganwa nezvebasa rake. Muna 1822, Vasily Andrevich vanounza nzanga kubva kuElegy, vakasikwa muMweya wekudanana, "gungwa". Munyori akadaidza kuyemurwa kwake kune runako anokomberedza vanhu. Gare gare, zhukovsky akatanga kududzira mabhora "mukombe" akagadzirwa naI. Schiller. Muturikiri akashanda pamusoro pebasa remakore matanhatu. Mumazuva iwayo, pakanga pasina kudiwa kwekutanga kudzokorora - zvaive zvakakwana kuburitsa zvinoreva, kunzwa, manzwiro ebasa.
Nguva nenguva, Vasily zhukovsky akabatsira vana kunzwisisa sainzi, kusanganisira mabhuku. Kukurukurirana kwakasimba nevakomana nevasikana vezera rakasiyana kusundidzirwa kunyora kuti vanyore ngano. Anenge makore makumi matatu anodiwa kuti Zhukovsky kuti gadzira zvinomwe ngano, izvo kusvikira nhasi ramba wakakurumbira pakati pevakuru nevacheche. Pakati pezvisikwa zveVasily leirevich "," Tsvuku Carbky Burendeni "," Kurara Tsarevna "," Hondo yeMakonzo uye Flulped "," Katsi " Wolf ".
Mune ngano ngano, zhukovsky yaisarudza kuenda kune yakajeka bvunzo. Iye munyori akashandisa mutauro unoratidzira mutauro we mutauro, akatamba nezvirongwa zvemitezo. Vily Andrevich akanakidzwa neanoshamisa, asinganzwisisike uye pamwe nenzvimbo dzinotyisa, dzairatidzwa zvakajeka mumabasa aTika, Novis naHofmani. Izvi zvakaratidzwa muZhuvsky's Fairy Tales.
Dzimwe nguva kufarira pakati pemunyori kune nyika nhetembo nzira yakamuka. Musiki akaedza kubatanidza Chakavanzika cheEurope uye muchimbomo yemuno mumabhuku emabhuku emafuti. GORE risati rafa kweZhukovsky richinyora mashiripiti maviri emashiripiti "katsi uye mbudzi" uye "shiri". Munyori akatsaurira mwanasikana wake nemwanakomana wake.
Pentor yemhuri yehumambo
Vasilly Andreevich Zhukovsky anouya kubasa remhuri yehumambo muna 1815. Mukati memakore maviri, munyori akashanda naamai Empress Fedorovna amai vaMariya Fedorovna. Munyori achazotakura makore makumi maviri anotevera mubasa redare. Iyo pikicha yenguva iyoyo haina kupona.
Muna 1817, zhukovsky inoenderera kune zviitiko zvepagerari. Mudzidzisi anodzidzisa mutauro wechiRussia uye mabhuku kumukadzi wake Nikolai kutanga - Alexander Fedorovna, gare gare zvidzidzo zveVasily Ankilvich Pavlovch elena. Zhuhuvsky zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera madhiza akapoterera nyika, kusanganisira uzivi, nhoroondo, pedagogy uye chirongwa cheAESHECS.
Zvakaitika, ruzivo rwunobvumidzwa Zhukovsky kuti uende mberi kuburikidza nemanera ebasa. Vasilly Andrevich akagadzwa neTsevervich aMentor. Kubva panguva ino, munyori we ngoro, nhetembo uye mabhaisikopo akazova musoro wevadzidzisi nevadzidzisi vanobata mumhuri yeumambo. Zhuhuvsky akaziva kuti muchinzvimbo chitsva chaaigona "kusika zvakanaka."
Basa reChiremba Cesarevich raireva mutoro kune mukomana mudiki uye mamiriro akakura, saka mudzidzisi anoverenga uye kuverenga zvekare zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi, zvehunyanzvi, zvehunyanzvi. Makirasi ekutanga ane Cesarevich akaitika mukudonha kwe 1826. Panguva ino, zhukovsky akagadzirira raibhurari kusvika mugari wenhaka wechigaro uye akagadzira chirongwa chekudzidzisa, chirongwa chezuva, icho chakatendera mambo.
Vily Andrevich vakapindura vachipindura Chirungu cheRussia, Fizikisi, nhoroondo yemurume, nhoroondo uye geography. Zvidzidzo zvaakatungamira vamwe vadzidzisi vaisave vasina hanya neZhukovsky. Munyori akapa vadzidzisi mazano, zvakanakira kudzidzisa chimwe kana chimwe chinhu. Vily Andrevich aida kuona muchigaro cheRussious chigaro cheMambo akadzidziswa, saka dare rakakoka masayendisiti. Zhuhuvsky aive nechiratidzo chayo chenguva yemberi. Cesarevich anofanira kurwira dzidzo, asi hazvibviri kukanganwa nezve pfungwa.
"Pane mubati wenyika anoda mubatsiri wenyika, ipapo uye nevanhu vanoda mutemo wemutongi," akadaro Vasily Andreevich.Mukati memakore gumi nemaviri, zano rakadzidzisa mugari wenhaka wechigaro, chete kana kesarevich vakave vakuru, vanoshanda zviri pamutemo kuZhuvsky yakapera. Kuti uwane zvakanaka, muchinda Alexander akagamuchira chipo kubva kuMudzidzisi - "Kufamba Kwedu". Mutongi wezara, pamwe chete naZhukovsky, akaenderera mberi nerwendo rwekuenda kumaguta eRussia nenyika dzeWestern Europe.
Vily Andrevich yakazvimirira yakaita nzira, panguva yerwendo mune iyo Zesarevich yakasangana neHurumende yake. Zvichakadaro, muna 1841, hukama hweumambo hwehumambo uye zhukovsky vakamhanyisa kuguma. Munyori akagamuchira kusiya basa uye akaenda kuGermany.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muzera rechishanu, vasily zhuhuvsky vakasangana neane makore gumi nematanhatu Elizabeth evcau Reiterne. Pakutanga kutarisa, munyori wetsiva akadanana nemusikana mudiki, asi ivo Baba vaive shamwari yevaisiri vekrissied, yakaratidza kuratidzira muchato. Zhuhuvsky aisada kudzoka, saka gore rakazoita kuti ape Erizabheti. Mukadzi ane rudo akapa mhinduro yakanaka.
Muna 1841, mhedzisiro yemubatanidzwa yakaitwa muDusseldorf. Nehurombo, kuroora kwaive kusiri nyore. Erizabheti aigara achirwara, akaremara pakutya kushungurudzika. Kazhinji zvisizvo zvisiri kubvumira hazvina kubvumira kurota kweZhukovsky nezvevana. Asi gore rapfuura muchato, musikana weAlexander akazviratidza mumhuri. Mushure memakore matatu gare gare, mukomana waPaul. Nekuda kwekurwara kwemumwe mukadzi, murume akura aifanira kutora mabasa ese akatenderedza imba uye kurerwa kwevana.
Vana veZhuhuvsky havana kuva vanyori. Alexander Vasilevna aisunganidzwa mumuchato morunotic neCancRuny Alexei AleksandRovich, asi gare gare Union wakarambana. Zhuhuvskaya akamuratidza nemwanakomana mumwe chete. Gare gare, musikana uyu akaroora Barona uye akava baroness yeVerman.
About Pavel Vasilevich anoziva zvakawanda. Iyo bhurashi remuimbi ichaendeswa, asi iyo canvas yakanga isiri iyo chete ishuwa yeMwanakomana Zhuhuvsky. Iye murume akazova muridzi wesangano reBellev Instant Museum, akagadzira chivakwa cheprojekiti yemuseum yehunyanzvi hwakanaka muMoscow.
Rufu
Vasilly Andreevic Zhukovsky kwenguva yakareba yaigara muBaden-Biden. Muna 1851, chirwere ichi chakauya kwaari. Rimwe ziso remunyori rakarega kuona, saka Musiki akakurudzirwa kushandisa nguva yakawanda mukamuri yerima. Pasinei nematambudziko ane hutano, akasarudzika uye akasarudzika aida kudzokera kumusha kwake - kuRussia. Inotsigirwa mumunyori uyu Chaadaev naGogol.
Musi waChikunguru 14, 1851, mhuri yaZhuhuvsky yaifanira kuenda munzira, asi izvi hazvina kuitika, sezvo murume uyu anga aine ziso. Ndega kunyora uye kuverenga zvakanyatso-svutugadzike Iye munyori akabatsira mumwe mukadzi wake uye valet. Iyo mamiriro ehutano reZhuuko rakakurumidza kuora mwoyo, saka munyori wenhetembo uye mabhora anobvunza kuti vauye kuBaden Vyazemsky.
Pakupedzisira, pane zororo rekasireseverekera mushure mekufa kweGogol. Uye musi waApril 12, 1852, haana kuva munyori iye amene. Iye munyori wemaakanaka ngano "paTsar Berendei" uye "kurara Tsarevna" kwakavigwa mukwirowa chaiye, pamadziro etsika dzenhetembo yake dzakavezwa. Kuziva rudo rwemunyori kuRussia, muna Nyamavhuvhu 1852, camerine inotakura guruva reZhukovsky kuenda kuPetersburg. Zvino guva renhetembo, muturikiri nemudzidzisi ari paTikhvin Cemetery yeAlexander Nevsder Nevsky Lavra, kwete kure neiyo Mogile N. Kamzin.
BHAIBHERI
- 1808 - "Lyudmila"
- 1812 - Svetlana
- 1818 - "Sango Tsar"
- 1822 - "Gungwa"
- 1825-1831 - "Cup"
- 1831 - "Kurara Tsarevna"
- 1831 - "About Tsar Berende"
- 1845 - "paIvan Tsarevich uye grey wolf"
- 1851 - "Katsi uye mbudzi"
- 1851 - "Shiri"