Biography
Vanhu vazhinji vanoverenga artworks, kashoma funga nezvematanho emunyori. Uye pasina, nekuti dzimwe nguva biography yemunyori, nhetembo kana prose inokwanisa kujekesa neEclipping neEpic uye kusimiririra (kana kuomarara) kwebasa rake. Muenzaniso wakajeka wekubvumidzwa kwakadaro - Taras Grigorievich Shevchchenko.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mudetembi anotevera akaberekwa uye muimbi musi waFebruary 25, 1814. Zvakaitika chiitiko ichi mumusha weMorinets, iri munzvimbo yeKiev.
Vabereki vaTaras vari nhare dziri nyore dzevaridzi vemunyu wemuchinda potemkin, Senator Vasily Engelhartta. Grigory Ivanovich Shevchenko, baba vemberi, kazhinji havana imba nekuda kwekuti Chumakov - Akatora Pansk gorosi kuguta rakafanana neKiev na OVV uye ODSSA. Amai vaTaras, Katerina Yakimevna Boyko, mazuva anoshanda paminda. Ndokusaka Sekuru uye Sekuru Catherine vaiita dzidzo yetemberi.
Muna 1816, iyo Shevchenko mhuri inoenda kuKirillovka - Musha, ndeapi makore achanzi murukudzo rwetemberi. MuKirillovka, Taras inoshandisa mwana wavo uye anosangana nerudo rwekutanga Oksana kovalenko.
Muna 1823, nekuda kwemitoro yakatsikwa, Katerina Yakimevna inofa. Mugore rimwe chetero, baba vaTashi vanoremerwa kechipiri muchirikadzi Oksana Tereshchatchko uye anofamba achipinda mumba maShevchenko aine vana vatatu. Mashiripiti akabva angotenda kutenda muTaras, saka mukomana wacho aitsvaga kubva kuhanzvadzi yake, uye mushure mekufa kwababa vake muna 1825 anosarudza kusiya imba.
Kubva 1826 kusvika 1829, taras inovhara uye kunetsekana uko iwe chete unogona. Nzvimbo yekutanga yebasa rakakura inova chikoro chendima cheDeca Paul Ruban. Zviri muAhevchenko anowanzojaira nheyo dzekuverenga nekunyora. Nzvimbo inotevera yebasa inova nharaunda yeDakov-Ingoriors - ivo vane tras vanoziva nheyo dzekudhirowa. Kuwedzera kune rakadaro basa, Shevchenko anoitika dzimwe nguva muromo wemakwai, unganidza kukohwa uye ubatsire varume vekare nehuni dzvira.
Muna 1829 yakarongedzwa semuranda kune muridzi wepasi pevhu - Pavel Vasilyevich genelgardt. Nguva yekutanga inoshanda sebiki, uye wozova mubatsiri wega sofia grigorievna elelhhardt, uyo anodzidzisa tras french. Munguva yake yemahara, mukomana anoramba achidaro.
Kamwe Sofia Engelhardt akaona aya madhirowa uye akabva aratidza murume wake. Aikoshesa tarenda remukomana, achifungidzira kuti aigona kuve neyako yakanaka yekubva kwaari uye yakatumira Taras kuenda kuVilen University. Iye muridzi wemukomana ari kuita mufananidzo wakakurumbira weYang Rustem.
Mushure megore nehafu, Engelgardt anotumira Shevchenko kuenda kuSt. Petersburg - kuwedzera mahombekombe uye kudzidziswa kubva kune vatenzi. Muna 1831, pasi pehutungamiri hweVasily Shiryaeva Taras vanotora chikamu mune pendi yeBolshoi Theatre.
Makore mashanu gare gare, mubindu remazhizha pane chiratidzo cheShevchko. Chiitiko - munhu waunoziva naye muvhenekeri, anounza mudetembi, anounza mudetembi, uye mumwe weCarl Bulllov uye mumwe wevatungamiriri ve Iyo Imperial Chinyorwa chehunyanzvi Vasily Grigorovich. Vanonzwira tsitsi nejaya uye vanoziva tarenda rake, saka munhu wese ari kuedza kubatsira kugadzirisa nyaya neruregerero rweEngelhardt.
Asi muridzi wevhu haadi kungorega kuenda kuShevchenko, nekuti akatoyera iyo Guinea mune izvi. Kukurukurirana kunononoka kwenguva yakareba uye kutotanga kuita sekurudzikinuro hazvigoneke, asi mumusoro weSushenko kunouya zano rakanaka. Iko kukosha kwepfungwa ndeye kuronga lottery umo mufananidzo weZhukovsky ucharidzwa, rakanyorwa naBryoullov. Anokunda anowana mufananidzo, uye mari yese mari ichaenda kumudzikinuro yeShevchenko.
Iyo lottery yakaitwa muAnichkov Palace. Kuronga chiitiko ichi kwakabatsira kuverenga mikhail velgur. Kuchiva kuhwina iyo portrait yakawana zvakanyanya, zvese zvakadzoserwa mazana maviri emakumi maviri. Mari iyi yese yakaendeswa kuEgelhardt musi waApril 22, 1838. Shevchenko akange asisiri serf. Chisarudzo chekutanga chinobva chabvumirwa kuaccount yehunyanzvi.
"Ini ndinogara, ini ndinodzora chero munhu uye handitye chero munhu, kunze kwaMwari - mufaro mukuru wekuti uve munhu akasununguka: Unoita zvaunoda, uye hapana anokumisa," Shevchenko anonyora nezvazvo nguva idzo mu diary rake.Mabhuku
Iyo nguva kubva panguva yekubvumirwa kune iyo Imperial Acderemy yehunyanzvi uye isati yasungwa muna 1847 ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda yeSvchenko muhurongwa hwekuverenga. Muna 1840, kuunganidzwa kwehunhu hwehetembo yake kunobatsira "Kobzari", iyo, panguva yehupenyu hwedetembi, haina kumbobvira yadzorerwa. Muna 1842, Taras anoburitsa nhetembo dzayo uye heroic nhetembo "Gaidamaki."
Gore rakatevera Shevchenko anofunga kuenda parwendo rwokuyambuka kuUkraine kuti vaone wekare kujaira uye kuwana kukurudzirwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva. Mushe ake erimwe nguva anozova Anna Zakrevskaya naVarvara Repnin-volkonskaya - Wokutanga aive mukadzi wemuridzi wevhu aive aine tras, uye wechipiri aive muchinda. Mushure merwendo urwu, Shevchenko akanyora nhetembo "poplar" uye nhetembo "Katenina" uye "yeetik".
Kumusha, mabasa epetethe akasangana nehasha, asi maitiro evatsoropodzi vemetropolit, vakashora nhetembo dzeShevchenko kuti rive nyore (mabasa ese akanyorwa muUkraine).
Muna 1845, Taras anosiya zvakare kuUkraine kuti ashande muPereyaslav (manje Pereyaslav-khmelnitsky) kuCourity Doctor Andrei Kozachekevsky. Neruzivo rusingaperi, mudetembi akaenda kuhutano hwake. Mukufarira iyi dzidziso iyi, "Testamende" yeShevchenko yakanyorwa mugore iro. Mugore rimwe chetero, nhetembo yake "motnitz" uye "Caucasus" buda.
Pashure pezachekevsky, taras yakarongedzwa nemhizha yeakatorerwa komisheni, kutaura zvakanaka muPereyaslavl. Basa rake guru panguva iyoyo - vachigadzira matombo ezvivakwa zvekuchera matongo uye nhoroondo dzeguta (Pokrovsky Cathedral, Wemabwe Cross of St. Boris uye zvimwe).
Muna 1846, nhetembo inofamba kuenda kuKiev, kwaakakoka imwe nguva refu kujaira - munyori wenhoroondo uye weruzhinji Nikolai Kostomarov. Kostomarov ichatora Shevchchko kuenda kuNhema Yakanga ichangoumbwa Kirillo-Methodius Kurarama. Mudetembi haanzwisise kuti zvinobva zvaitika mukukweverwa mumusangano wakavanzika wezvematongerwo enyika. Kuzivisa kunouya kana kusungwa kwevatori vechikamu vatanga.
Kuti aratidze kuungana kwakananga kwerarasi kusvika pakusiyana-siyana kwebazi rechitatu reumambo hwake Hondo yePrince Alexei Ordenko "Kurara", umo iye anoona kusekwa kwehutongi hwehurumende ndokudana kumukira. Sechirango chiri muna Chivabvu 30, 1847, nhetembo inotumirwa kune yakaparadzana yeOrenburg chivakwa kuti uzadzise basa rekutora. Shevchenko anorambidzwawo kunyora uye kudhirowa, iyo inova yakanyanya kuridza Shevchenko.
Mudetembivsky, cover alexey tolstoy and Princess Vavara Repnina-volkonskaya vari kuyedza kubatsira tras. Chinhu chega chavanokwanisa kuita kuzadzisa mvumo yeras kuti inyore tsamba. Mutsamba, iyo Kozachkovsky Shevchenko akatumira vhesi "Lyak" ("matanda"), akanyorwa nezvevanhu vanoshumira pamwe naye kubva kuPoland.
Dzokera kune zviitiko zvehunyanzvi, albeit kwechinguva, zvinogoneka panguva yekubuda kweiyo gaar sea (1848-1849). General Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev muchivande mvumo yekuita Shevchenko mifananidzo yemubhadharo weEral (yezita pane yekubuda). Asi mumwe munhu anodzidza nezve izvi uye zvinotungamira hutungamiriri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, general inogamuchira kutsiura kwakanyanya, uye Shevchenko inotumirwa kunzvimbo itsva, iyo iyo mauto avoPetrovsk yakasimbiswa (zvino guta reFort Shevchenko muKazakhstan).
Kune zvakare kurambidzwa pakudhirowa, saka taras inoedza kuputika kubva kuvhu uye kutora mifananidzo yemifananidzo (dagertypes). Iine ivhu harina kushanda kunze, uye kutora mifananidzo panguva iyoyo kwaidhura zvakanyanya. Shevchenko zvakare anotanga kunyora, asi panguva ino azvino mabasa muRussia - "Artist", "Gemini" uye vamwe. Iko kusarudzika ndiyo vhesi "khokhli" (1851).
Muna 1857, mushure mekukumbira kunotevera kwekuverenga Fyodor Petrovich, nhetembo yeTheetoy yakasunungurwa - Emperor Alexander II inodzima chirango chakagadzwa nababa vake Nikolai I.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kuuya nerusununguko, Shevchenko anofunga nezvekugadzira mhuri. Kuedza kwekutanga kuroora ndicho chirevo, icho chakanyorwa mudetembi chakapihwa Catherine Piunova. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, mudetembi akasimudzira uyu mudiki mutambi weimba yekutandarira uye achabvuma kuti angabvuma, asi ini ndakanga ndisina kukanganisa. Pamusoro pekuedza kwechipiri hazvingazozivikanwe, kunze kwekuti musikana uyu akanzi Harita uye akasimbiswa.
Mubati wechitatu Shevchenko akavakirirwa. Iro zita raive rake lukero polidakov. Mudetembi akaisa mari yakawanda muidzo yake, akaraira musikana imba, akatenga chikafu, zvipfeko nemabhuku. Tarasaida kumutengera kubva kune muridzi wemba, asi akaramba zano iri mushure mekunge amuwana mumba yekurara nemumwe wevatongi. Dzimwe Taras Shevchenko harina kufunga nezvewanano, panzvimbo pezvo, achirova basa racho, iro rakazova "tsamba yeRussia" - yekutanga zvinyorwa zvakarongwa kwaari.
Kudzokera kuhupfumi hwehupamhi hwega, zvakakodzera kutaura nezve zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga. Rudo rwekutanga rwetembi ndiye musikana kubva kumusha weKirillovka Oksana Kovalenko. Mumatare, mauto emitemo aive Anna Zagrevskaya (Yakanga yakazvipira kwaari "kana tikasangana zvakare") uye Varvara Reprin-volkonskaya.
Mumakore ebasa muNovoPetrovsk achisimbisa, Shevchenko muchivande akasangana naAgata USkovoova, aive mukadzi wemumwe munhu wemunharaunda. Pane ruzivo nezvezvimwe zvibodzwa zvepinyi, asi hapana chisimbiso chakavimbika.
Rufu
Mufambiro wakafa muSt. Petersburg, kwaaive mukutanga kuvigwa. Zvakaitika muna 1861, zuva rakatevera zuva rekuzvarwa reTaras Grigorievich. Chikonzero cherufu - Ascites (mudumbu kudiridza). Zvinotendwa kuti mhosva yechirwere ichi yaive kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka, kwacho akapindwa muropa nemakore vechidiki. Zvirikuti ndiye akaronga kirabhu "Uroye Course", avo mitezo yakanyudzwa uye vakatanga kutaura kwepfungwa nezvehupenyu, uye pakupera kwehupfumi "hwake.
Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuvigwa kwedetembi yaive iyo Smolensk Orthodox Cemetery, asi yakazoburitswa panzeve yebhuruu, maererano neTestamente Itsva. Mukurangarira mudetembi, dzimba zhinji dzakatumidzwa zita, mugwagwa uine zita rake uye chifananidzo kune mudetembi munharaunda yega yega muUkraine. Zita rake riripo kunyange diki diki pane mercury.
BHAIBHERI
- 1838 - "Katerina"
- 1839 - "Kukuru"
- 1840 - "Kobzari"
- 1842 - "Gaidamaki"
- 1845 - "Duma"
- 1845 - "Testamende"
- 1845 - "Motnitz"
- 1847 - "Lyak"
- 1851 - "Khokhli"
- 1855 - "Gemini"
- 1856 - "Artist"
- 1860 - "South Russian"