Biography
Nikolai Mikhailovich Kamzin munyori weRussia anozivikanwa uye wezvenhoroondo akazozivikanwa nekuchinja kwemutauro weRussia. Akagadzira yakawanda-vhoriyamu "nhoroondo yeRussia State" uye yakanyora nyaya "murombo Lisa". Nikolai Kamzin akaberekwa padyo naSimbhiorsk musi waDecember 12, 1766. Baba panguva iyoyo vaive vatorwa. Murume aive emhuri yakanaka, iyo, yakatorwa kubva kune yekare tatar dzimba dzeKara-Hurza.
Nikolai Mikhaillovich akatanga kudzidza mukuvanzika, asi muna 1778 vabereki vakatumira mukomana kuBhodi reProfesa Yunivhesiti I.m. Sharden. Karamzin anga aine chishuwo chekudzidza nekukudziridza, saka kweanenge makore maviri nikolai mikhalovich akashanya akashanyira zvitauro ICECLE Schwartz mune yedzidzo institution yeMoscow. Baba vaida Karamazin kuenda kunhabvu dzake. Munyori akabvuma neanoda kwevabereki uye akapinda mubasa racho muPreecbrazhensky varindi veboka.
Kwenguva yakareba, Nikolai aive mumwe murume wemauto, munguva pfupi akatanga kusiya basa, asi chimwe chinhu chakanaka kubva panguva ino chakaitwa - mabasa ekutanga ekunyora akaoneka. Mushure mekusiya basa, inosarudza nzvimbo itsva yekugara - SIMBBIDSK. Karamzin panguva ino anova nhengo yeMasonic Lodge "korona yegoridhe". Kwenguva yakareba muimbi, nikolai mikhalovich haina kugara - yakadzokera kuMoscow. Kwemakore mana, kwaisanganisira "musayenzi ane hushamwari".
Mabhuku
Pamambakwedza ebasa rezvekunyora nikolai Kamzin akaenda kuEurope. Munyori akasangana naImmanuel Kant, akatarisa kuReveration huru yeFrance. Mhedzisiro yerwendo yaive "tsamba dzeRussia mufambi." Iri bhuku rakauya nemukurumbira weKamazin. Mabasa akafanana naNikolai Mikhaillovich haasati anyorwa, saka vaziviso vanoona Musiki kuMusiki wemabhuku emazuva ano yeRussia.
Kudzokera kuMoscow, Kamazin anotanga hupenyu hwekushanda. Haasi kunyorera nyaya nenyaya, asiwo zvinotungamira iyo "magazini yemagirazi". Bhuku racho rakaburitsa mabasa evanyori vadiki nevanyori, kusanganisira nikolai mikhailovich pachairi. Pakati penguva ino, "bass yangu", "Agliya", "pantheoni yemabhuku ekunze" uye "aonics" buda kubva pasi pekaramu.
Prose uye nhetembo dzakashandurwa pamwe nekuongorora, mirayiridzo yemitambo yemitambo uye zvinyorwa zvinonetsa zvinogona kuverengerwa muzvinyorwa zveMoscow. Ongororo yekutanga yakagadzirwa naKamzin yakaonekwa mubhuku ra 1792. Munyori akagovana zvaaifunga nezve nhetembo yeiyo yeIroomev Eidhi, yarairwa mukati kunze ", yakanyorwa naNikolai Osipov. Pakati peino nguva, Musiki anonyora nyaya iyoyo "Natalia, mukomana mukomana."
Karamzin yakawana kubudirira mune nhetembo hunyanzvi. Mudetembi akashandisa maEuropezwi ekuEurope, uyo asina kukodzera muhombodo yechinyakare yenguva iyoyo. Hapana Lomonosov kana derzhvin, naNikolai Mikhalovich, akatanga nhanho nyowani mukuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yenyika muRussia.
Karaman akarumbidza nyika yemweya yemunhu, achisiya ganda remuviri pasina hanya. "Mutauro wemwoyo" wakashandisa Musiki. Zvinhu zvine musoro uye zvakapusa, zvinyoronyoro zvinyoronyoro uye zvingangoita kuti tirege kushaikwa kwenzira - izvi ndizvo zvaive nhetembo dze nikolai mikhalovich.
Muna 1803, Nikolai Mikhalovich Kamzin akazova mumunyori wenhau. Chirevo chinoenderana chakasaina Emperor Alexander I. Munyori akazova wekutanga uye anoverengeka nhoroondo yenhoroondo yenyika. Hafu yechipiri yehupenyu hwaNikolai Mikhalovich akazvipira kudzidza nhoroondo. Karamzin State Posts zvaisada.
Basa rekutanga renhoroondo yeNikolai Mikhairlovich rakazova "tsamba yekare neRussia yeRussia iri muhukama hwayo hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwehurumende." Karamzin akapa zvikamu zvechikoro chenzanga, akataura maonero avo nezve zvakasununguka shanduko yamambo. Munyori akaedza kuratidza neakasikwa kuti Russia haidi shanduko. Iri basa rinomiririra rondedzero yebasa rakakura kwazvo.
Muna 1818 chete, Kamazin akapa Chisiko chake chikuru - "nhoroondo yeRussia nyika." Yaive ine mavhoriyamu masere. Gare gare Nikolai Mikhaillovich akaburitsa mamwe mabhuku matatu. Iri basa rakabatsira padyo neKamzin nechivanze chivanze, kusanganisira mambo.
Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, munyori wenhoroondo anogara mumusha wehumambo, uko mambo akagoverwa imba yakapatsanurwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Nikolai Mikhailovich yakachinja kudivi remameseji madzishe. Yekupedzisira, 12th vhoriyamu yenhoroondo yeRussia nyika haina kupedzwa. Mune ino fomu, bhuku rakaburitswa mushure mekufa kwemunyori. Karaman anga asiri iye muvambi wetsanangudzo yenhoroondo yeRussia. Sekureva vaongorori, Nikolai Mikhalovich ndiye akatanga kutsanangura nehupenyu hwenyika.
"Zvese, kunyange vakadzi vepanyika, vakamhanyisa kuverenga nhoroondo yenzvimbo yavo yaJehodhi, chirongwa chisingazivikanwe. Aive kwavari kuwanikwa kutsva. Russia yekare yaiita kunge yakawanikwa naKamzin, saAmerica - Columbus, "akadaro Alexander Sergeevich plankin.Kuzivikanwa kwemabhuku munhoroondo kuri nekuda kwekuti Karambazin wakaita munyori wakawanda kupfuura munyori wenhoroondo. Akaona runako rwemutauro, asi haana kupa vaverengi vekufungidzira kwezviitiko zvakawanikwa. Mune zvinyorwa zvakakosha kuna Tomam Nikolai Mikhailovich akaita tsananguro uye zvataurwa zvataurwa.
Karaman anozivikanwa muRussia semunyori, mudetembi, munyori wenhoroondo uye mutsoropodzi, asi ruzivo rudiki rwakaramba ruchishandiswa mabasa ekushanduro rweNikolai Mikhalovich. Nenzira iyi, akashanda kwenguva pfupi.
Pakati pemabasa - kushandurwa kweiyo yekutanga kwedambudziko rekuti "Julius Caesar" rakanyorwa naShakespeare. Iri bhuku rakashandurwa muchiRussia harusati rapfuura mukuwirirana, saka rakapiswa. Kushanda kwega kwega, Kamzin akasimbisa nzvimbo dzaionekwa kuti basa rakaongororwa. Kwemakore maviri, Nikolai Mikhaillovich akashanda pane kushandurwa kweIndia Drama "Sakuntala" yeanonyora kweKalas.
Mutauro wechiRussia unochinja pasi pehunyanzvi hwekusvika kwaKamzin. Munyori haana hanya chaizvo neChechi Slavonic mazwi uye girama, vachipa basa rerwendo rwehutano. Hwaro hweNikolai Mikhaillovich vakatora syntax negirama yemutauro wechiFrench.
Kutenda kuKamzin, Russian zvinyorwa zvakazadzwa nemazwi matsva, kusanganisira "chiratidzo", rudo "," indasitiri "," indasitiri "," indasitiri "," rudo "rwakadaro. Varvms vakawanawo nzvimbo. Kekutanga, Nikolai Mikhalovich akaunza tsamba "e" murimi.
Karamzin sechinhu chinongedzere chakakonzera kukakavara kwakawanda munharaunda yemanyorero. A.S. Shishkov naDerzhavino akagadzira nharaunda "kutaurirana kwevadi veRussia izwi rekuti", vane chikamu chavo vakaedza kuchengeta "mutauro wekare". Vaida nhengo dzechinharaunda kuti vanoshora Nikolai Mikhalovich, Zhukovsky uye vamwe vane gumi nevaviri. Karamzin's kukwikwidza neShizhkov yakapera ne convergence yevanyori vaviri. Yakanga iri chishkov yakakonzera kusarudzwa kweNikolai Mikhailovich nenhengo yeRussia uye Imperial Chidzitiro cheStacience.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1801, Nikolai Mikhailovich Kamazin akatanga kusanganiswa nemuwanano yemutemo. Mukadzi wemunyori akava Erizabheti Ivanovna protasoova. Mukadzi wechidiki aive mudiwa-murefu anodikanwa munyori wenhoroondo. Maererano naKamazin, aifarira muElizabheti kwemakore gumi nematatu. Mukadzi waNikolai Mikhalovich mukadzi waNikololan akanzwa kuumbwa ne mugari.
Akabatsira mumwe wake kana zvichidikanwa. Chinhu chega chakanzwira tsitsi Eligovna ihwo hutano. Muna Kurume 1802, Sophia nikolaevna Kamazin akaberekwa, mwanasikana wemunyori. Protasova akatambura kubva postpartum inopisa, iyo yaive yafa. Maererano nevanoongorora, basa re "murombo Lisa" rakazvipira kumukadzi wekutanga waNikolai Mikhalovich. Mukunda waSophia akashumira Ftillan, shamwari yake neushmontov.
Kuve murume akafirwa, Kamzin akasangana Catherine Andreevna Kolsvanov. Musikana uyu akaonekwa kuti mwanasikana wemuchinda weMuchinda Vyazemsky. 9 Vana vakaberekerwa muwanano iyi. Vazukuru vatatu vakafa vachiri mudiki, kusanganisira vanasikana vaviri vaNatalia neMwanakomana Andrei. Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, mugari wenhaka waNikolai akafa. Muna 1806, kudzorerwa kwakaitika kune iyo Karamzin Mhuri - Catherine yakazvarwa. Ace 22, musikana akaroora muridzi weColonel mukusiya basa kweMuchinda Peter Messhchersky. Mwanakomana Wakaroora Vladimir akazova weruzhinji.
Muna 1814, Andrew akaberekwa. Mumwe murume wechidiki akadzidza kuYunivhesiti yeDhepta, asi mushure mekuruboshwe kunze kwezvinetso zvehutano. Andrei Nikolayevich akasiya ushe. Akaroora Aurora Karlovna demidova, asi muwanano haana kuoneka. Nekudaro, vagari venhaka zvisiri pamutemo kubva kumwanakomana waKamazin.
Pashure pemakore mashanu, kudzikiswa kwakaitika mumhuri yeKamzin. Mwanakomana Vladimir akazozvikudza nababa vake. Uine hukasha, hunyanzvi hwechisimba, akarondedzera mugari wenhaka kuna Nikolai Mikhalovich. Aive anokurova, hunyanzvi, akasvika pakakwirira zvakakwirira pabasa rake. Vladimir akashanda mukukurukurirana nemuratidziri weruramisiro, Senator. Yaive nenzvimbo yeiyo IVNE. Mukadzi wacho akava Alexander Ilyinichna Duka - mwanasikana wevakakurumbira.
Feruva akabereka akava mwanasikana waErizabheti. Kunyangwe pensioner yakagamuchira mukadzi kune Karmzin. Pashure pokunge amai vafa, Erizabheti akatamira kuhanzvadzi yadini Sofia, uyo panguva iyoyo aigara mumba maPrather Catherine Meshcherskaya.
Kuguma kwemhedzisiro kwaisava nyore, asi musikana aiziva seanotarisirwa uye anoteerera, anehungwaru hunhu. Kunyange level nikolayevich tolstoy akatariswa Erizabheti "muenzaniso wekusava nehanya." Mumakore iwayo, pikicha yacho yaisingawanzo, saka mifananidzo yemitezo yemhuri yakapenda maartist.
Rufu
Nhau dzeRufu rweNikolai Mikhailovich Karambazin rakapfuura Russia musi waMay 22, 1826. Nhamo yakaitika muSt. Petersburg. Muzvikamu zvepamutemo zvemunyori, zvakanzi zvakakonzera rufu chaive chapupu.
Munyori wenhoroondo akarwara mushure mekushanya kuSeneti Square musi waDecember 14, 1825. Mariro aNikolai Kamzin akaitwa kuTikhvin Cemetery yeAlexander Nevy Lavra.
BHAIBHERI
- 1791-1792 - "Tsamba dzeRussia Mufambi"
- 1792 - "Varombo Lisa"
- 1792 - "Natalia, mwanasikana mukomana"
- 1792 - "Tsvavel Tsarevna uye Happy Charles"
- 1793 - Sierra-Morany
- 1793 - "Borgonolm Island"
- 1796 - "Julia"
- 1802 - "Marfa-Posalman, kana kukunda kwaNovagirodhi"
- 1802 - "Kureurura Kwangu '
- 1803 - "Inonzwisa tsitsi uye kutonhora"
- 1803 - "Knight yenguva yedu"
- 1816-1829 - "Nhoroondo yeRussia Nyika"
- 1826 - "Pashamwari"