Biography
MuCinema pane izwi rekuti "mutambi webasa rimwe" - vakadaidzwa kuti vanoita basa ravo mukurumbira kune rimwe basa. Semuenzaniso - makolai kalkin kubva "imba imwe" uye "imba imwe - 2". Mumabhuku hapana chakadai, asi iwe unogona kupedza kufanana - mukurumbira wevamwe vanyori zvinoenderana nebasa rimwe ("kubhururuka pamusoro peCuckoo's Nest" Ken Kizi) kana imwe gamba (sherlock holmes arthur conan doyle). Pakati pe "vanyori veboka rimwe" vanogona kuve neyeAmerican Harley Harper.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori wechikuru akaberekwa musi waApril 26, 1926. Zvakaitika muMonrova, guta diki reAlabama. Nell Harper Lee (izvi zvinonzwika izita rizere remunyori) - Mudiki wevana vana Amaha Kolmann uye Cunningham Finch Lee.
Sekureva kweMuminoita ehanzvadzi yehanzvadzi yereveri, iyo iyo munyori wacho waive wepedyo kusvika parufu rwepamusoro, uye akazunza matambudziko kuvabereki, pamwe nehanzvadzi dzakakura. Ipapo musikana akazova shamwari nemuvakidzani uye wandaidzidza naye, uyo akazova munyori anezve mbiri yenyika - Capote.
Muna 1931, chiitiko icho nyika yese yaitaurwa ndeye nyaya yevakomana kubva kuScottsboro. Maererano nenyaya iyi, vakomana vevatema vakapfumbamwe vanobva kuguta reScottsboro (Alabama) Vakabatwa Vasikana Vachena Vachena. Kunyangwe pamberi pekuedzwa, vagari vakatsamwa veguta vanopotsa vakomana ava. Vanhu havana kana kumisa mhedzisiro yemhedziso yekurapa, zvichienderana nevasikana vasina kubatwa chibharo.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, jury, inosanganisira yevachena chete, panguva yekutaura inhengo ina yakazivisa mutongo muchimiro chechirango chinotyisa kwazvo mudunhu - chirango cherufu. Little Red Rangarirai nyaya iyi nekutenda kuna Baba vake, uyo panguva iyoyo akashanda segweta uye aifarira bhizinesi iri. Gare gare, munyori anoshandisa ndangariro dzake apo achinyora bhuku rekubiridzira.
Apedza kudzidza kuchikoro muna 1944, Harper anopinda koreji yemukadzi, ari muHuntingdon. Ndakadzidza mukoreji, musikana anotumira magwaro kuYunivhesiti yeAlabama kuti adzidze kutonga pamusoro pemakore mana anotevera. Iri basa rakasarudzwa naBaba vemusikana uyo aive panguva iyoyo mushandi ane hurombo.
Muna 1945, pachirongwa chekutsinhana kwevadzidzi, kwegore, iyo yunivhesiti inowira muOxfor yunivhesiti, asi ndisina kupfuudza yunivhesiti, inokanda yunivhesiti uye inoenda kunzvimbo yekugara muNew York, kwaanenge aripo anoronga kuva munyori.
Mabasa ekutanga eHarper anonyora kudzoka kuYunivhesiti yeAlabama, mukamuri yeHostel yeMudzidzi "hee omega". Aya mabasa madiki nenhau uye humbowo, apo musikana anozadza ruoko rwake. Nenzira, panguva imwe chete iyoyo - kubva 1945 kusvika 1949 - Harper Lee inoshanda semupepeti yeiyo yemunharaunda inoshungurudza magazini.
Kuti ugare pane chimwe chinhu uye ubhadhare imba inobvisa, musikana wechidiki akarongwa kuti atange kutanga kumabvazuva kwemhepo, uye mushure me "Briteni mhiri kwemhepo Airways Corporation". Mune ese airlines, musikana anoshanda tikiti rekutengesa tikiti. Izvi zviri kuitika kusvika pakupera kwe1950s.
Mabhuku
Pashure pokunge Harper anokwanisa kuburitsa nyaya dzinoverengeka, inochengetera Agent yake yekutanga yekuverenga mukudonha kwa1956. Pakupera kwegore rimwe chetero, shamwari dzake dzekare Michael uye mufaro brown kupa chipo chakakosha muhupenyu hwemunyori - akabhadhara zororo regore.
"Iwe uchave uine gore chairo kunyora zvese zvawaida," vanonyora mune yepositi.Munguva yezororo iri, musikana ane nguva yekunyora nhevedzano yenhau dzakabatana negamba rimwe. Nhau idzi, dzinosarudza kuunganidza imba yekuburitsa "Lippincott, Williams neVilkyins". Mupepeti-mu-mukuru weTei Holofoff zvine simba kupindura kubasa remusikana, asi anokurudzira zvikuru kuti nyaya idzi dzese mune imwe bhuku.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, muzhizha ra1960, "kuuraya kuraswa" kunoenda kuchiedza - bhuku rakawakurudzira mukurumbira uye rudo rwevaverengi vepasi rose. Kunyangwe vatsoropodzi vakaziva kuti novel yakanaka. Zvebhuku rebhuku rei rakanyanya kutengesa bhuku, munyori wemakore makumi matatu anogamuchira mubairo wedhori mukusarudzwa "akanakisa maitari egore".
Muna 1962, kuongorora kwehurumende, kupfurwa nemukuru weRobert Malligan ("kushaya simba rakakura", "kumusoro masitepisi anotungamira", "panguva imwe chete gore rinouya," "munhu mumwedzi"). Iyo firimu inosarudzwa yeOscar uye inoiwana. Zvakare kuwana imwe kinonagrada - "Golden Globe". Munguva yefaira, Harper akakwanisa kuwirirana nevatambi vese uye vashandi vemafirimu, asi vaive nehukama hwakasimba neGregory pec, kune iye waakauisa marinda aBaba semubairo webasa reigiro rakanyorovererwa.
Pashure pekubudirira kwenyaya, munyori, pamwe chete neshamwari yake yehudiki, hutachiona hwehunyanzvi hweHolkombi (kansas) kuunganidza zvinyorwa zvemumunda wakauraya nemhuri yake. Muna 1966, pahwaro hwezvinhu izvi, hood inoparidza mabasa ayo anonyanya kufarirwa - "kuponda kutonhorera" Harper anokwira kune chimwe chinhu.
Muhupenyu hwese hweLee vakanyora zvinyorwa uye nyaya, asi dzimwe nguva zvaiitirwa mafomu makuru. Iko kuzivikanwa kwakanyanya kuedzwa kunyora chinyorwa chitsva chinoonekwa seyakaderedzwa kujaira nezve serial mhondi kubva kune yake yekuzvarwa mamiriro. Basa racho harina kufanana nemunyori, uye akafunga kumutuka, sezvaakaita mamwe mabasa maviri, ayo anozivikanwa.
Muna 1966, President Linton Johnson vanozvisarudzira kuDare Renyika. Muna 1983, Harper anoburitsa iyo Essa "yeRoma uye inonakidza", iyo nhoroondo yeAlabama uye nhabvu heritage. Panguva imwecheteyo, kungave kunofunga kudzokera kuguta reMonrovill. Muna 1999, bhuku reUS Library rinodaidza kuti Novel "auraye kuuraya" bhuku rakanakisa reAmerica rezana ramakore.
Muna 2005, muLos Angeles, Harper anogamuchira mubairo weruzhinji rweguta reruzhinji rekuwana mabhuku. Gore rakatevera, Lee anogamuchira degree rekurumbidza reunivhesiti yeNotredam. Mugore rimwe chetero, munyori anopa imwe yekubvunzurudzwa kwayo nenzira yeiyo tsamba yakavhurika yeiyo inotungamira Ophera Winfrey.
"Zvino, mushure memakore makumi manomwe nemashanu, mune imwe yechipiri ine laptop, nhare mbozha, maApad nekusafarira misoro yavo, ini ndichiri kusarudza mabhuku," anonyora Harper Lee.Muna 2007, munyori anowana kubva mumaoko emutungamiri wenyika yazvino George Bush, iyo yepamusoro yehurumende yemunyika - iyo menduru yerusununguko. Mwedzi mitatu gare gare, inoda kurwara Sitiroko. Nekuda kweizvi, Harper anofanirwa kutamira kumusha wevanotarisira kuti ave achitarisisa vashandi vake.
Muna 2014, Elis anofa - hanzvadzi yakura yemunyori. Harper inoyerera kusvika pakuora mwoyo. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari kuchinja zvishoma apo risingabvumirwe kuRoma "enda, isa standram", iro rakavambwa pauzeja dzakaunzwa nemunyori kuimba yekuparidza muna 1957, akawanikwa mune yakachengeteka alice. Zvekare, basa riri kuenderera mberi "kuuraya muchinjiro", asi zvakadaro zvakanyorwa kare. Bearve iye aiva nechokwadi chekuti uyu manyoro akarasika.
New Artary Agent Munyori Andrew Naureberg uye Chinyakare Chinyakare Tonya Mutemo, Gweta Racho, akabatsira bhuku kuti usvike kumuparidzi. Iye munyori pachake haana kutaura nezvechitarisiko che "enda, isa chengetedzo" pamasherufu emabhuku. Pane dzidziso yekuti iyi notel ndeye hoax uye, muchokwadi, isina kunyorwa. Upenyu "uuraye"
Hupenyu Hwako
Kweanoda kusvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe ehupenyu, munyori haana kumboroora. Vamwe vana havanawo.
Pakanga paine runyerekupe pamusoro penyama yake nemunyori truman Hood uye mutambi Gregory Pes, asi vaviri varume vasina kufanira kuti vanonzwira tsitsi vanongoshamwaridzana vane hukama neHarper.
Rufu
Iye munyori akafa muna 2016 pausiku kubva 18 kusvika munaFebruary 19. Zvakaitika muchiroto - zviri nyore uye zvisingarwadzi.BHAIBHERI
- 1960 - "Uraya Crossbar"
- 1961 - "Rudo Mune Mamwe Mashoko"
- 1961 - "Kisimusi kwandiri"
- 1965 - "Kana Vana Dzidza America"
- 1983 - "Roman uye Chekuita"
- 2006 - Open Letter Opera Winfrey
- 2015 - "Enda, uise murindi"