Biography
Nhasi, dambudziko rekusarudza vechidiki vemubhaibheri reramangwana rakakodzera. Kazhinji nekuda kwekushayikwa kwezvirongwa zvenguva yemberi, masheya, zvekusavimbika kana kuti nekuda kwekusaziva kwekufungidzira, yunivhesiti inouya kuyunivhesiti iri pedyo, iyo yunivhesiti, kana kuyunivhesiti imwe, iri shamwari. Saka mushure memakore mashanu ekugara mabhuruku pane vakaroorana kuti vaende kubasa kwete hunyanzvi.
Asi zvakashata chaizvo here? Kupfuura zvese, pane mienzaniso munhoroondo yenyika pawakawedzera mune imwe nyanzvi, munhu akatsvaga mibairo pane imwe munda. Tora, semuenzaniso, Evgeny Schwartz ...
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Munyori weSoviet Ramangwana uye mutambi akaberekwa muna Gumiguru 9, 1896. Zvakaitika kuKazan. Vabereki vechidiki zhenium vaive vanachiremba: Baba Simba Borisovich - Chiremba, uye Mary Fedorovna amai - nyamukuta. Zvinoenderana nemutsara waBaba, mukomana uyu aive nemidzi yemuJudha, kubva kwaakarasha kubva kwawo aine makore ane manomwe, mushure mekubhabhatidzwa muchechi yeOrthodox.
Mushure mekusungwa kweshumba Borisovich muna 1898, nekufungidzira kwezviitiko zvakavanzika zvekuchinja, mhuri iyi yakaiswa pakutambudzwa, nekuda kwekuti iyo Schwarz yaifanira kufamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo ichienda kune imwe.
Sezvo anga ari muDimitrov, Armavir, muRyazan (kuvabereki vaMariya Fedorovna) naAkhtyri, mhuri yakamira muMaykop (iye zvino guta guru reRyrea), ipo paudiki nehudiki hwaZewenya hwakaitika. Muna 1902, mukoma waValentine akaberekerwa muna 1902.
Mushure mekuchikoro, mukomana anopinda chikoro chemuno. Kuzvimedza kubva kwaari muna 1913, Eugene anoenda kuSipcow vanhu venyunivhesiti yainzi Alfons Leonovich Sangolavsky (ikozvino - iyo Russian State Humanitarian University).
Zvinoenderana nemirairo yevabereki, mafambiro emutemo anopinda, anozo shandurwa kune jurfak yeMoscow University yunivhesiti mushure memikhail Vasilevos Ovenosov. Panguva ino, mhuri yake inoenda kuEkaterinidar (ikozvino - Krasnodar).
Kukwirira kweMavheti kwa1916 kunopinda basa kuhondo, uye muchirimo chegore rinotevera akatumirwa kubva kuTsaritsyno (izvozvi - Volgograd) anodzokera kuMoscow kuti afunda muchikoro chemauto. Mugore rimwe chetero, musoro weJuncker anogamuchira kutanga, uye mushure - Ensign.
Muna 1918 akauya kuhama dzake kuEkateriniodar, kwaizotungamira kuhondo yokuzvidira. Yakatora chikamu mumushandirapamwe wayo wekutanga wekutungamira wehutungamiri hweMutungamiri weLieutenant Viktor Leondidovich, uye akabatawo kudzivirira kweEkateriniodar munaKurume wegore rimwe chete. Izvo zvakanyungudika kuti tremori yechiedza yamaoko adzo yasara sechiyeuchidzo, zvakanyanya mumakore apfuura nekuda kwekusagadzikana.
Mushure mekupora muchipatara chemauto, Eugene akasvibiswa. Izvo hazvidi kushanda muThe Sticty Schwartz, saka inoenda kune iyo Rosostiv University, mukufananidza kushanda ne "musangano wemitambo", pane iyo mutambi waro wacho wairova muna 1920.
Saka nekuwedzera, muna 1921, Schwartz, pamwe chete nemukadzi wake uye nemitambo yeTroupe, inofamba kuenda kuPetrograd (St. Petersburg). Evgeny anoenderera mberi achitamba maEpisodhi mabasa ezvigadzirwa. Kuti urarame ndezvekuti, zvakarongwa kuti ushande kutanga muchitoro chemabhuku, uye mushure - munyori wezvemunyori wezvemunhu weKornea Chauvsky.
Mabhuku
Kunyora zvakazvimirira, Schwartz anotanga makore maviri chete gare gare. Pasi peiyo pseudominminm, sekuru vakadurura vanoparidza Fakeno mune ese-Russian Koyogar. Muzhizha regore rimwe chetero, muparidzi anotumira kuBakhmut kuti aenderere mberi neimba yekuparidza kweiyo "Kochegarka" - mapepanhau "Zaboy".
Kudzokera kuPetrograd, Eugene anonyora uye anoburitsa basa rayo rekutanga "rekare reBalayaki" (nhamba yeChikunguru yeAlmanachi "shiri" ya1924). Iyi nyaya inotaura Samuel Marshak uye muna 1924 inokoka munyori kuti ashande muhofisi yevana ye "Gosizdata" semupepeti. Vanyori vaiva nemukana wekubatana naSchwarz panguva ino, vakazviwana nezve chiitiko ichi, vachipokana kuti Evengey Lvosy akakosha akataurwa uye akapa zano rakakosha.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mumwe munhu anobva kune vanyori vechidiki anopa Schwartz kuti apinde munyori wenhau Oony, uyo anobatana nemagazini evana se "Chizh" uye "Hedgehog". Eveny lvanh anoburitsa nyaya, ngano dzinozivisa, pamwe nedzimwe nhetembo.
Muna 1928, anonyora mutambo wake wekutanga, uyo "Underwood" anodana. Kwapera gore, akatoiswa neiyo leningrad theatre yemuongorori wechidiki. Mugore rimwe chetero, munyori wake mumwe chete anozvarwa - mwanasikana waNatasha. Kana musikana wemusikana paanogadzira mwedzi miviri, Evengey anosiya mhuri iyi kuti aroore zvakare.
Kubva 1930 uye tisati tanga takutanga kwehondo huru yehondo, Schwartz inoshanda inobereka chibereko. Muna 1931 anonyora script yefirimu "yekutengeserana 717". Gore rinotevera rinoburitsa "zvinopenga". Muna 1934, mumwe wemuchinda uye kutamba kwaSwine, Mambo "asina kupfeka" uye "pfuma", uye chinyorwa chefirimu "chinomuka leenachka" zvakanyorwa. Uye zvakare, muna 1934, Schwartz anova nhengo yemubatanidzwa wevanyori veUSSR. 1936 - Chikamu "chitsvuku Cap" uye zvinyorwa "lenochka uye mazambiringa" uye "pazororo".
Gore rakatevera, fungidziro yemuchadenga yekati iri mu bhutsu "inoonekwa mujenari. Muna 1939, Schwartz anonyora kutamba "chando mambokadzi", muna 1966 vanoisa firimu, uye "guta re" chiuru ". Gore rakatevera racho, Evgeny anowedzera kuti "mumvuri", iro rakazova chikamu chechipiri chemuti weti-mapepa, izvo zvinosanganisirawo Mambo "(1934) uye" Dragon "(1942-1943). Muna 1971 na1991, mumvuri-mumvuri unongoonekwa. Muna 1940, baba vemunyori vanofa.
Mabasa ekupedzisira ekutanga aSchwartz anova "ngano yenguva yakarasika", "hama mbiri" uye dzidziso yeAnti-Fascist "pedyo neLipami Berlin." Munguva yehondo, munyori anoramba ari muBlockde leningrad, achishanda muRedhi Nedhiyo. Muna 1941, akaturikwa muKirov, uko kwakarongedzwa kushanda kunzvimbo yemitambo yemunharaunda. Muna 1942, mushure mekutakurwa Leningrad Tyuz, akafambira kuStalinabad (zvino - Dushanbe, guta guru reTajikistan). ;
Ikoko, Evgeny Lvovich anonyora mitambo ye "peturu iri kure" uye "husiku humwe" yakazvipira kune vana nevanodzivirira vaLeningradrad, zvichiteerana. Mukati me1942 anofira mai vake. Makore maviri gare gare, munyori anofamba kuenda kuMoscow, uko "dhiragoni" inotamba uye inovandudza kushandira pamwe nevatungamiriri veimba yekutandarira uye cinema. Muna 1945, ngano yekatuni "yechando", yakashongedzwa necripumbokurirana kwake, uye iyo nzira yeChigiri "yakapararira" yakadhindwa.
Muna 1947, firimu reChinda "Cinderella", Shot on the Schwartz mitambo yezita rimwe chete. Misoro huru mune ino firimu inoitwa naJanina Jaimo, Vasiyly Mercyerv, Faina Ranevskaya, ErasT Garin naAlexey Konsovsky. FamsoTovota akabudirira munyika yokumusha kwake, uye kunze kwenyika. Muna 1948 pane nyaya yeSchwartz "Chekutanga-grader", iyo yave hwaro hwefirimu rezita rimwe chete.
Muna 1953, Stalin anofa, uyo ari mumakore makumi matatu akarambidza kubuditsa mabasa eSchwartz. Nekuda kwekuedza kweOlga Bergolts, kurambidzwa uku kunobviswa. Makomputa ekutanga anosvika pakuparara.
Muna 1956, munyori anowana zita remubhadharo wekurongeka kwerudzi rwevashandi (zvisati zvaitika, Schwartz akapiwa menduru "yekudzivirira kweLirender" ne "kushamwaridzana kwehondo yenyika yechipiri." Panguva imwecheteyo, anopedzisa anoshanda pane yakakurumbira "chishamiso". Kwapera gore, iyo screen vhezheni yeiyo "Don quixote" Tamba.
Taigona kuoneka pahwaro hwemabasa neEvny Schwartz muMoscow vechidiki vekutyaira, muStrersburg Theatre, muMoscow Academic Moadre Mutambo, muVateriya "muTheaters" "Uye" Yemahara Theatre ", muSt. Petersburg Theatre" Kunaya "uye Moscow Drama Theatre Afterdin Sergeevich Stanislavsky Stanislavsky Stanislavsky. Kuongorora kwemabasa emunyori kwakafamba zvese panguva yehupenyu hwake uye mushure mekufa kweSchwartz. Muna 1989, "Diariari" emunyori akabudiswa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Evgeny lvevich yakaroora kaviri. Mukadzi wekutanga akazova mutambi gayane kholodova (1898-1983). Schwartz akazadzikiswa naye panguva yebasa muRostov "Theatre Basshop." Vakaroora muna 1920.
Kwapera gore, vaviri vacho vakatamira kuPetrograd, uko muna 1929 ivo vakazvarwa mwanasikana naNatalia. Mugore rimwe chetero, Schwartz anokanda mhuri kuti aroore mumwe mukadzi. Kune Gayane, zvinova kushamisika chaiko.
Mukadzi wechipiri weIvgeny Schwartz anova ekaterina Ivanovna opukh (1902-1988). Naari, munyori anosangana pane imwe yemanheru ekusika e1927, akarongwa kushamwari yeshamwari kuOrera. Kuti aroore Schwartz, Catherine anosiyawo mhuri.
NaCatherine Ivanovna Evanhu Vanofara, asi anofara kufonera muchato uyu, Schwartz nezve uye pasina godo nemukadzi wake, izvo zvaive zvisina kunaka pahutano hwake.
Rufu
Munyori uye mutoro wacho akafa muna Ndira 15, 1958. Chikonzero chepamutemo kurwiswa kwemoyo kwave kuri mhedzisiro yekukundikana kwemoyo, uyo unotambudza Schwartz mumakore achangopfuura ehupenyu.
Akavigwa muLeningrad paBogoslav Cemetery.
BHAIBHERI
- 1924 - "Nyaya yekare Balalaika"
- 1928 - "Underwood"
- 1931 - "Zvekutengesa 717"
- 1932 - "Vasina"
- 1934 - "Mambokadzi uye Svingas"
- 1934 - "Akashama Mambo"
- 1936 - "Zororo"
- 1938 - "Dr. Aibolit"
- 1940 - "Mumvuri"
- 1940 - "Ngani yenguva yakarasika"
- 1943 - "Dhiragoni"
- 1947 - "Cinderella"
- 1956 - "Chishamiso ChaMwari"
- 1957 - "Don quixote"