Biography
Mohammed - muparidzi wechiArab oMunotherism, muvambi uye chimiro chikuru chechitendero cheIslam, muporofita maMuslim. Sekureva kwechiIslam revation, Allah akatumira Rugwaro Rwetsvene - Quran.
Nhume yaAllah yakazvarwa muMecca musi waApril 22, 571. Iko kubuda kwevana vaamai vakweguru Mohammed vakati mutumwa akauya muchiroto. Kuzvarwa kwaporofita kwakaperekedzwa nezvakaitika zvinoshamisa. Chigaro chamambo wePersia Kisra chakave pasi pemutongi seyekudengenyeka kwenyika. 14 balconiliwa dzakadonha muHoro yeRoyal. Mukomana akaoneka akwirwa. Parizvino pakuzvarwaakaona kuti vachangozvarwa vanomhanya nemusoro wake uye vachivimba nemaoko.
Muhamied ari wedzinza reKurusian, aionekwa seane maArabhu. Mhuri yemuparidzi yemberi yeQuran yakarapa Khashitam, iyo clan yainzi Khashitam, Hashima, Riprab, uyo akakudza rukudzo rwekufudza vapfambi. Baba vaporofita Abdolah ndiro muzukuru weshiri ane simba, asi fuma sasekuru havana kubatsirwa. Madiki mhandara haana kuwana mhuri. Mwanakomana, akazova muporofita mukuru, haana kuona baba vake - akafa asati azvarwa Mohammed.
Pazere makore matanhatu okukura, mukomana akatanga kupoterera Orpina - Amina akafa, mama mohammed. Mukadzi panguva yakapa mwanakomana wake kuti arimerwe weBedouin Khalima, aigara mugwenga. Mukomana ari kuteedzera wakatora sekuru, asi munguva pfupi, muhamied akarova Babamunini. Abu Talib aive nemutsa, asi murombo zvakanyanya. Muzukuru wacho aifanira kutanga mangwanani uye kudzidza kuwana mari. Kuti uwane penny, zvishoma mohammed inomhanya mbudzi uye makwai, ndezvemumugove akapfuma, akaunganidzwa mugwenga rebhery.
Mumakore gumi nemaviri, achiri kuyaruka anotanga kukwira mumamiriro ekunze ekutsvaka mumweya: Pamwe chete nasekuru Mohammed akashanyira Siria, kwaakasangana nevanoita zvechitendero chechiJudha, chiKristu, zvimwe zvinotendwa. Akashanda nemutyairi wemakamera, akabva azova mutengesi, asi mibvunzo yechitendero haina kusiya murume. Mohammond paakasvika makumi maviri, akatorwa nemuridzi wemba mumba memukadzi ane chirikadzi Hasiiji. Jaya racho richireva mirairo yemubairo, akafamba akatenderedza nyika, aifarira tsika dzenzvimbo uye zvitendero zvemadzinza.
Hadija, ave mukuru Mohammed kwemakore gumi nemashanu, akabayira jaya remakore makumi maviri nemashanu kuti amutore kumukadzi wake, izvo zvaisada baba vemukadzi, asi airatidza kutsungirira. Muchengeti wechidiki akaroora, muchato wakazofara, aida uye airemekedza Hadiju. Imba yakaunza molmed zvakanaka. Akapa nguva yake yemahara kuchinhu chikuru, chakakwezva kubva kumakore mudiki - kuda kwemweya. Saka akatanga biography yemuporofita uye Muparidzi.
Kuparidza
Biography yeMutauro mukuru wechiMuslim anoti anonzi Mohammed akabviswa kubva munyika uye eshungu, achifamba achipfuura nekufungisisa uye kufungisisa. Aifarira miganho dzakasiiwa. Muna 610, apo Mohammed yaive mubako reHira gomo, aive achachera matanda gabriel (dzibll). Akadana jaya racho nemutumwa waAllah uye akarayira kuti arangarire kujekeswa kwekutanga (AYAA KorAN).
Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti denderedzwa revateveri veMohammed, uyo akaparidza mushure mekuungana naGabriel, aigara achikura. Muparidzi akadana madzinza kune hupenyu hwakarurama, aine chokwadi chekuchengeta mirairo yaAllah uye gadzirira kuuya kwekuuya kwaMwari kutonga. Muporofita Muhamidi akati Mwari wemasimbaose (allah) akasika murume, uye pamwe naye vapenyu vese uye vasiri vapenyu pasi pano.
Vakatarisana nemutumwa waAllah vanonzi Musa (Moses), JOSEF (Joseph), Zakaria (Zakaria), II (Jesu (Jesu). Asi nzvimbo inokosha mumharidzo dzeMobied yakagoverwa kuIbrahim (Abraham). Akamuti tateguru weArabhu yeArabu navaJudha uye vekutanga vakaparidza meonotheisimu. Basa reMohamm yake rakaona kudzoreredzwa kwekutenda kweIbrahimu.
MaAristocrats eMecca akaona mumharidzo dzeMohhammed, kutyisidzira kwesimba uye kwakaronga kurangana kuzomukira. Vanopokana vakanyengetedza muporofita kuti vasiye pamucheto une ngozi uye uende kuMedina kwechinguva. Akazviita. Kuti uwane muparidzi muMedina (Yarrb) mumazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu emazana ematare okushamwaridzana, achigadzira nharaunda yekutanga yeMuslim.
Nharaunda yakasimbisa uye kurangwa kweiyo mekcans yekudzinga muparidzi uye shamwari dzake, vakaita kurwiswa nevaridzi vemuMecca. Mari kubva pakubira yakaenda kune zvinodiwa nenharaunda.
Muna 630, muporofita waakambotambudzwa akadzokera kuMecca, achifamba chaizvo muguta dzvene guta rine makore masere mushure mekudzingwa. Merchant mecca akasangana nemuporofita mapoka evanofarira kubva kune vese veArabia. Kufamba kweMagetsi mumigwagwa kwakakura. Muporofita akapfeka nguo dziri nyore uye dema, akagara pakamera, akaperekedzwa makumi ezviuru zvevafambi.
Saint akafamba achipinda mucca semasenduru, uye kwete kukunda. Akafamba achitenderera nzvimbo tsvene, akagadzira tsika uye akaunza munhu akabatwa. 7 times muporofita Muhame akafamba kaaba akabata dombo rakatsvuka zvakanyanya. MuKaAba, Muparidzi akazivisa kuti "hakuna mwari, kunze kwevaizivikanwa Allah," uye akarairwa kuparadza 360 zvidhori vakamira mutembere.
Madzinza akapoteredza haana kubvumiranawo chiIslam. Mushure mehondo dzeropa uye zviuru zvevanhu zvakasarudzika, vakaziva muporofita Mohammed uye vakatora Quran. Munguva pfupi memugomet yakava ishe weArabhia uye akagadzira simba rine simba reArabia. Pakasvika vatungamiriri vemauto uye vakuru vemauto vakaoneka muMecca, akadzokera kuMedina, achishanyira guva raamai Amina. Asi mufaro womuporofita unobva kumhemberero yaIslam yakafukidzwa nenhau yekufa kwaRufu rweMwanakomana mumwe woga waIshimimi, ikokwa nababa vake.
Iyo inosimbisa cum yeMwanakomana yakakuvadza hutano hwemuparidzi. Iye, arikunzwa nzira yekufa, akatamira zvakare muMecca, kuitira kuti anyengetere kekupedzisira kuKaAba. Sezvo anga anzwa nezvezvinangwa zvemuporofita uye achishuvira kunyengetera naye, zviuru gumi zvemazana vaiunganidzwa muMecca. Muporofita Mohammed akafamba neKaaba pane ngamera uye akabayirwa mhuka. Vafambi vane moyo munyoro havana kuteerera mazwi eMamudi, achiziva kuti aimuteerera kekupedzisira.
MuIslam kune vatendi, zita racho rakapihwa kukosha kutsvene. Mohammed anoshandurwa se "rumbidzo" rakafanira "," akarumbidzwa ". MuQuran, zita remuporofita rinodzokororwa, mune zvimwe zviitiko Mohammed anonzi Nabi ("Muporofita"), "Buletin"), ADB ("muranda"), Shaid ("Chapupu") uye akati wandei) uye akati wandei Mamwe mazita. Zita rizere romuporofita Mohamine inguva refu: Inosanganisira mazita evateereri vese pamutsetse wechirume, kutanga naAdamu. Vatendi vanoti muparidzi abul casim.
Zuva reMuporofita Mohammed - Maaulid An-Nabi - Pemberera pazuva regumi nemaviri remwedzi wechitatu weIslam Rabende Rabar Rabal Rabenda Al-Avval. Zuva raMohammed ndeyechitatu kuverenga zuva reMuslim. Nzvimbo yekutanga neyechipiri inogarwa nemazororo eUraaza Bayram uye Kurban Bayram. Mufambiro, muporofita akavapemberera chete.
Zuva revaMuporofita Vazukuru Vanopemberera Minyengetero, Mabasa Akanaka, nyaya nezvezvishamiso zvevasina mutsa. Holiday yezororo remuporofita yaive makore mazana matatu mushure mekusvika kweIslam. Nhoroondo yehupenyu hweMohammed (Mohete, Magomada, Mohammed) Imwe mubhuku reAzerbaijani Rusein Javid Javid. Mutambo uyu unonzi "muporofita".
About the Central mufananidzo weIslam, kwete mafirimu gumi nemaviri akabviswa. Pakati ma1970s, iyo American-Arabic Pendi yeFecafa Akkada "Mharidzo (Muhammad mutumwa waMwari) akasunungurwa pane zvikwangwani. Muna 2008, vateereri vakaona "mwedzi weSchashimi", Fishimendi Studios yeJoridhani, Syria, Sudhani neRebhanoni. Iyo firimu "Muhammad - Mutumwa weWestor" Director Majid Madzihi, uyo akaitwa muna 2015, akabviswa nezve hupenyu uye hunhu hweasina mutsa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hadija akakomberedza murume wechidiki wekuchengetwa. Mohammed, akasunungurwa kubva mudambudziko uye zviitiko zvekutengeserana, zvakatsaurira nguva yechitendero. Union neHastodge yakazova nerupo kuvana, asi vanakomana vakafa. Pashure porufu rwemumwe wake waaida, Mohammed akadzokorora kuroora, asi nhamba yevakadzi yemuporofita masosi anonzi akasiyana zvakasiyana. Mune dzimwe riratidzirwazve 15, mune vamwe - 23, iyo hukama hwepanyama huhamamdi kubva pamakore gumi nematatu.
British Arabist uye purofesa weYunivhesiti yeEdinburgh William Montgomery Wat mumabasa eIslam anozivisa nezvehuwandu hweVakadzi Vese Vane Vatsvene, vakanangana nevatsvene vechirume. Muporofita Muhamidi aive akaroora kurambidzwa kweKorani, kubvumira kuroora kana kuroorwa kana.
Vanotsvaga vanosangana mumaonero evaya muporofita aive nemadzimai gumi nemaviri. Iye anokwira rondedzero yeHadija Bandage anobhururuka, akaroora Mohammed, anopesana nevabereki. Vanyori venhoroondo vanopotsa kuti hapana mumwe wevakadzi vanotevera emuporofita haana kutora nzvimbo mumoyo make, yaisvika panzvimbo yake.
Vevakadzi gumi navaviri, avo vakaonekwa mushure mekutanga, vadikani vanonzi Aisha bandage abubak. Urwu ndirwo muro wechitatu wemuporofita wakanzi muporofita. Aisha - mukunda waKhalifa, inonzi rukuru rwevadzidzi vanomwe vechiIslam enguva yavo.
Vana vese vomuporofita, kunze kwemwanakomana waIshimari, vakabereka Hadhiyaja. Akapa murume wake mwana wake, asi vakomana vakafa vacheche. Vanasikana veMoami vakararama vakararama mishini yaBaba vechiporofita vakatanga, vakagamuchira chiIslam uye vakatama kubva kuMecca vachienda kuMedina. Zvese kunze kwekunge Fatima akafa pamberi paBaba. Vanasikana vaFatima havana kudonha mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekufa kwaBaba vakuru.
Rufu
Hutano hwemuporofita Mohammed won won after after the forewell hajj muMedina. Nhume yaAllah, yaunganidza mauto asara, akashanyira makuva a shahidov uye akaita mariro naMazazi. Kudzokera kuMedina, muporofita kusvika zuva rekupedzisira rakachengetedza pfungwa dzakajeka uye ndangariro. Akataura zvakanaka kuhama dzake nevateveri, akakumbira ruregerero, akagovera mari yemupemhi uye aregedze revaranda. Fever yakawedzera, uye pausiku hwaJune 8, 632, muporofita mohammed akafa.
Vakadzi havana kubvumidzwa kusiya muviri, vakasuka hama dzeVarume veVarume. Ndakaviga nhume yaAllah muzvipfeko yaakafira. Mazuva matatu avatendi akati zvakanaka kuna muporofita Mohammed. Guva rakaburitswa kunze kwenzvimbo yaakafira - mumba memukadzi waAha. Gare gare pamusoro pemadota, mosque akagadzwa, iyo yakava nzvimbo yekwaMuslim.
Mbirji kuMedina, uko Mohammed anovigwa, anoonekwa sebhizimusi rinotyisa. Rwendo rwekuenda kuMederina vatendi vakazvipira pamwe nedenderedzwa muMecca. Mosque muMedina akaderera muhukuru hweMosque muMecca, asi ari kurova nerunako. Iyo yakavakwa nePING GRANITE uye yakashongedzwa negoridhe, kudzingirira uye mosaic. Pakati penzvimbo yemosque - Hut Global Hut, apo muporofita akaurayo, uye guva remagazini.
Quotes
- "Siya kusava nechokwadi kukurudzira uye kuseri kwekuti iwe haukonzere kusava nechokwadi, nekuti chokwadi chakadzikama, asi kusahadzika kwenhema."
- "Mutauro wako ngaatungamire kugara kwaAllah."
- "Anodiwa kwazvo pamabasa akanaka pamberi paMwari ndiye anogara achida, kunyange zvisina basa."
- "Chitendero chiri kureruka."
- "Muri chii, ava vanokutongai."
- "Kuwedzera zvakanyanya kupenya kukuru uye kuomarara kwakanyanya kuchafa."
- "Gomo kwauri! Batisisa tsoka dzaamai, pane paradhiso! ".
- "Paradhiso iri mumumvuri wemapakatwa ako."
- "Allah, ini ndinotenda kwauri kubva pakuziva kusingabatsiri ...".
- "Munhu ane avo vaaida."
- "Mutendi haasi kutyisidzirwa kaviri kubva mugomba rimwe chete."
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Mashoko ekuti "kana gomo risingaende kuMaromet, saka MAROMET inoenda kugomo" hukama hwemaporofita mohammed hauna. Kutaura kwacho kwakavakirwa pane nyaya yekugamuchira nasreddin. Mugove weBritish uye Philoster Francis Bacon mubhuku rake "Emagariro uye Zvematongerwo enyika Zvakatsiviwa Khoja paMohammed, achiendesa vhezheni yenyaya yacho nezve hoj.
- London Magazine "Nguva Kunze" Inodaidzwa Kuti Muporofita Mohammed neAkutanga Ecologist.
- Kefir fungus yakambonzi "mapikicha". Zvinoenderana nengano, pasi pezita iri, chakavanzika chekukura kwake Mohammed akaisa kuRoma yeCaucasus.
- Mohammed, pamwe, akatambura neshungu nekurohwa kurwiswa uye twilight zvachose kwekuziva. MuQuran zvinonzi vasingatendi vanonzi muporofita ainyadziswa. Asi muQur'an, zvinotaurwa zvakare kuti "Mohammber nenyasha dzaIshe Muporofita uye hauperi."
- Tsoka dzemuporofita Mohammed, yakaiswa mudombo, inochengeterwa muTourbean - Mausoleum muEupe (Istanbul).
- Chishamiso chikuru cheMohammed Vadzidzi veMutano veMuslim vanoona Koran. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti nyaradzo yejerani muMuslim zvinyorwa zvinogona kuzivikanwa kuMohamadhi, ivo vainachinamata Hadith vakati "Kutaura kwake hakuna kufanana nekanic.
- Zvakanakisa zvehunyanzvi zvakanakira Quran anozivikanwa nevose vanobatanidza mabhuku eArabic. Sekureva kwaBernhard Weiss, vanhu nekuda kwezvikuru zvake zvese, nhoroondo nyowani uye yemazuva ano haina kugona kunyora chero chinhu senge Koran.
- MuQuran pane ngano yechingwa, yakafanana nenyaya yekuti Jesu akadyarira sei vanhu zviuru zvishanu zvevanhu nehove mbiri nehove mbiri.