Biography
Muna 42, akava mubatiri wechidiki weSoviet Union. Bonon Peter WrungLo akataura nezvePetro Gare gare, Joseph Stalin akabvuma neWrangtel, anodana bhuku rehondo.
Kuzivikanwa kwaMarshal tukhechevsky kunoramba kuri kukakavara kukuru pakati pevatungamiriri vemauto eSoviet. Zvakare
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Rwiyo rwehondo rwakazvarwa munguva yechando ya 1893 mune iyo Smolensk Province, mumhuri Landlord Aleksandrovskoe. Baba - nhaka yenhaka Nikolai tukhechatsky ndiye ega mwanakomana pakutanga akaiswa uye akaparadzwa. Muridzi wechidiki wenyika haana kuregera kureba kwesarudzo uye akaroora runako rwevaridzi - Mur Milohova. Muwanano, vana 9 vakazvarwa, vana vavo - vana. Mikhal akaoneka wechitatu. Iye kutanga akadzidza diploma ndokuverenga mazuva.
Panyaya yekwaakabva, genus tukachachev vanyori venhoroondo havana kuuya kune imwe dhinompater. Iye tateguru anonzi Fleemish kuverenga indris, iyo yakatumira kutanga kweiyo County genus tolstoy. Vamwe vaongorori vanopindura kumubvunzo werudzi rweMashari, vachinongedzera kumidzi yePolish yemhuri. Yetatu kukakavara kuti Mikhail Tukhechatsky muJudha wePoland Mavambo. Zvinyorwa zvehunyorwa hazvina basa.
Mutungamiriri wechikuru kubva paudiki airatidza matarenda akawanda. Mukomana akakurira hunyanzvi uye mumhanzi, akagutsa basa rake remumba uye akadzidza kutamba violin. Asi kupfuura zvese, Mikhail aida kuenda mumatanho emukoma-mukuru uye kuderera mukurumbira wechiuto.
Mujymnasium misha kusvika kune yechina giredhi yakadzidzwa pasina kushingaira - iyo yepamusoro mamakisi ndiyo yaive "ina" muFrench. Mukomana akamedza zvidzidzo uye akabata "mabhebhi" ekubhubhu. Director weiyo Gymnasium, uyo aiziva nezvevavariro dzekuda chinzvimbo kuti ive yemauto. Director vakatsanangura zvisirizvo kuti nedambudziko rakadaro kuenda kuchikoro chemauto harizotore.
Penza Gymnasium Mikhal Tukhachevy akapedza kudzidza nekukudzwa uye akapinda muCapital Cadet Corps. Kuve mudzidzi wepamusoro-soro, munguva pfupi akatamira kuAlexander Cleander Chikoro. Muna 1914, jaya racho rakasiya masvingo eiyo nzira yekudzidzisa, kuve mune imwe katatu kwevane simba kwazvo vapedza kudzidza. Mauto Biography Mikhail Tukhechatsky akatanga mumarketiti Semener Reginegs, kwaakamboita suboceves pakutanga kwehondo yenyika yekutanga.
Basa reMauto
Muzhizha ra1914, Mikhail Tukhechevsky akagadza mutungamiriri wejunior. Munzvimbo iyi, mauto madiki akapindwa muhondo nevaGerman uye maAustria kumadokero kumberi. Jaya rakaratidza chishuvo chekuva general kusvika pamakore makumi matatu: chishuvo uye chishuvo chekukurumidza kufamba pane masitepisi ebasa akawedzera ushingi. Kwemwedzi mitanhatu, Mikaeri akavengwa neanoda kuraira kashanu.
Munguva yechando ya1915, mikhail tukhachvsky yakashanda pakati peguta rePoland of Lombie. Usiku, mauto eGerman akaparadza kambani, Tukhachevsky akapona chishamiso ndokutapwa.
Mushure mekuedza kwemana kuti utize vatapwa vakatakurwa kuenda kumisasa yemicho, uko vafambi vakachengetedzwa. Pano mikhail akasangana nemutungamiri wenguva yemberi weFrance naCaCay de Garer. Kupukunyuka kwechishanu munaSeptember 1917 kwakabudirira. Muna Gumiguru, mupoteri akadzoka kumusha kwake. Mikhail tukhachsky akanyoreswa muEmenervsky egiment, akapa kumurairo weRoti.
Shanduko
MuRed Army, Mikhail Tukhechatsky akapinda anozvipira. Muchirimo cha1918 akapa kushanda muDhipatimendi reMauto reGwenzi-Runyoro. Mushure mekujoinha mapoka eCommunist, Tukhachevsky akatumwa kuti idzivirire guta guru, tichifunga nezveMauto Commissioner.
Gore rakatevera, iyo Commissar yemauto 5 inopihwa kune iyo Narc Lev Trotsky. Mikhail Tukhaachsky akananga mushandirapamwe weAlexander Kolkak muSiberia, saka pamwe chete nemauto akakuriswa kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, kwaakaramba achitevera varungu. Pakupera kwechando cha1920, Mikhail Tukhachevy akatamira kuKuban. Vabati vake vakapinda kumashure kwemavengi, vaDenikini vakarasikirwa nekurasikirwa, vakasundidzirwa kugungwa dema.
Pasi pekupedzisira kwehondo yehondo, Tukhachevsky aive akananga nehondo yechi7 uye muna Kurume 1921 akadzvinyirira muKronstadt. Murume wemauto anosarudza akatumirwa kuti asimbe kumukira kwevaranda vengarava, iyo Mikhail tukhechevsky yakadzivira, kekutanga, kushandisa magasi kune fungidziro yemuvengi. Vatinoshanda navo vakacherekedza hutsinye hwemauto anobata, uyo akaraira kupfura kweanopora pasina kutongwa.
Kushanda kweBolshevek panguva yehondo yeSoviet-Poland yakakundwa: Iyo Invasion choke, sangana nekupokana zvine simba. Pakutanga, ushingi hwemutungamiriri wegore 27 hwakaunza kubudirira, asi mushure mekusimudzira kweanodiwa, Mikhail Tukhechatsky overestimated simba. Pasi peWarsaw, mauto ake akatyoka neYuzef Pilsudsky. Kukundwa kuri muOperation Tukhachevsky kwakayeukwa muna 1937.
Muhondo yeSoviet-yePolit, Joseph Stalin akatora chikamu. Mushure mekukundwa, Stalin naTukhachevsky vakapomera mumwe nemumwe mukukunda. Kuva mutungamiri webato muna 1929, Stalin haana kukanganwa miscalluclifilusi yeMikhal tukhevatsky. Sezvo amutsa makwenzi kwaari, akaronga kumanikidza. Asi mukutanga kwa1930, Joseph Visarivivich anga asati atsigira kushamwaridzana, saka mutungamiri wemauto akapunyuka.
Mikhail tukhechevsky akanyora kwete mamwe mabhuku gumi nemaviri pane dzidziso yehondo. Muna 1931, "tsvuku bonaparte" yakapa basa rinotungamira mukuchinja uye kuisazve mauto ehondo, asi mazano aMikhailavich Nikolavich haana kutsigira Stalin. Iko kutanga kwaMikhal tukhachsky muAltillery Management inozivikanwa isingabatsiri: nzira huru dzaishandiswa pane zvisiri-zvemaoko mapepa ekutambisa. Semuenzaniso semuenzaniso ndeye shoma-nyeredzi Dynamo-jet pfuti.
Muna 1935, mikhail tukhechatsky yakava Marsr yeUSR, asi makore akakanda pamusoro wake. Simba raStalin rakasimbiswa, hutungamiriri hwake muWCP (B) hwakanga husina kupikiswa. MunaDecember 1934, mushure mekuuraya muLeningrad, Sergei Kirov akatanga kutyisa kukuru. Mukutanga kwa1936 Tukhachvsky, neSoviet nhume, akashanyira London, pamariro aMambo George v.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kuda mimhanzi mikhal tukhechatsky yakatakurwa nehupenyu hwake hwese. Kubva 1925, aive shamwari neDM Emrry Shostakovich. Muumbi waishanyira Marshal. Pakati pama1930, apo kutsoropodzwa kweSoviet kwakadonha pane opera SHOSSENSNky mtsensky County ", Tukhachevsky yakadzivirira muimbi. Pamberi pomunhu, Marshal haana kukunda kukunda kushoma pane pamabatiro ehondo. Vakadzi vakadaira nyika murume akanaka, vane simba risingaperi uye kutaridzika kwakajeka.
Mukadzi wekutanga weMikhal tukhechatsky akazova mwanasikana wePenza Railwayman Maria Ignatiev. Vakasangana nebhora mumitambo yekurovedza muviri. Romance yakatyoka yakapfuura Muedzo wenguva: Ramangwana "Ramarshal" rakapedza matsvuku kubva kuContaet Corps, akapfuura pamberi pehondo yenyika yekutanga, akatendeuka nehondo yevagari. MuPranz, masal akamumirira, Mikhail Tukhechevsky akasvika nemutungamiriri wehondo. Kufanana naBaba, Mikhail akaroora musikana asina kuberekwa.
Mukadzi akaenda nemigwagwa yemurume wake, achitsigira Michael munguva dzakaoma uye achiramba achitambura. Kukanganisa kwake kwaive kunotsigira hama mumakore nzara. Masha, achiziva kuti mukadzi wemutungamiri wemauto akakwirira aisazorega kumira, akatyaira zvigadzirwa zvavo hama yePenza.
Pakaziviswa ne "maitiro asina kukodzera" emukadzi weTukhechevsky muvandiparadzanise, Mikhail Mikhail Nikolayevich akarondedzera Maria. Mukadzi wacho akazviuraya. Iye murume ane makore 27 ane makore 27 ekuramba kwemariro weMurume wake haana kuuya, akaraira nyaya dzesangano.
Wechipiri rudo rwemutungamiriri akasangana muna 1920, mukudonha. Mushure mekukundikana kweSoviet-Polish Operation, Tukhachevsky aida rutsigiro. Akachigamuchira kubva muNice of the Syded, mune yake imba pedyo neSplensky yawana. Iye ane makore gumi nematanhatu ane makore gumi nematanhatu (LYDIA) aive nemvumo. Munguva yechando ya1921, mikhail tukhachvsky akapa musikana nemwoyo kumusikana. Babamunini Lester vakasimbirira kuti vanhu vadiki vangadai vakaitika muchechi. Mutungamiriri mutsvuku akabvuma, uye muchato wakavanzika wakaitika.
Kupinda Chechi, vachangobva kuchata vakaona omani - iyo bhokisi nemurume akafa. Kwapera gore, mumwe mukadzi wake ane nhumbu akazivisa kuti aizodzokera kuhama dzake. Lika akadzidza nezvetsiva kwemurume wake, Tatiana Chernolusskaya. Mikhail aisada kupatsanura nemukadzi wake, asi mukadzi haana kukanganwira kutengesa. Nguva pfupi yapfuura kurambana, akaroora. Mwanasikana akazvarwa Irina akafa kubva kuDhiphtheria mumucheche.
Nemukadzi wechitatu, Marshal akasangana muSplensk. Kraparitsa yozhnik nina grinevich yakazova mukadzi akadzidza. Mukunda waSvetlana akaberekerwa muwanano. Asi hupenyu hwemhuri hwe tukhachev hwaive hwakagwinya hwaive husiri: Marshal akawana chinyorwa nemukadzi wake waanoshanda naye - Julia kuzin. Mwanasikana womugumo anonzi Svetlana zvakare.
Kusungwa uye Mhosva Mhosva
Chinguvana chechisimba chine mwero marefu-muvengi tukhevsky stalin akamirira muna 1937. Marshal akasunungurwa kubva post yekuzvidzivirira kweDziviriro uye yakaendeswa kunzvimbo yemutungamiriri weiyo volga mauto dunhu. MuKyhev, uko Mikhal Tukhechatsky akatamira nemhuri yake, akatarisirwa kutsvakwa, asungwa uye achipomera kurangana kunorwisa.
Muna May 1937, Tukhachevsky akaiswa kuguta guru. NKvd, NKvd, uyo akatungamira Nikolai Ezhov muchokwadi chekuti aive wechiGerman spy uye mubatanidzwa naBukharin akagadzira chirongwa chekubata simba. Gare gare, iyo NKVD Defector Alexander Orlov akataura kuti Marshal aive nemagwaro ekuchengetedzeka ehumambo panguva yekutsvaga, Stalin, mukushandira pamwe naye. Orlov akapokana kuti Tukhechevsky akaisawo coup, asi Generalsimus aive pamberi pake uye akaparadzwa.
Maererano neimwe vhezheni, iyo yeBritish munyori wepamberi Robert kukunda, misoro yeNazi Special Services Hermler uye Heydrich magwaro ekunyepedzera pamusoro peTukhomachsky neiyo Wehrmacht inopesana neStalin. Iyo fake yakawira mumaoko eStalin uye yakafamba. Mushure mekudonha kweSoviet Union, zvakazoitika kuti mapepa eku "tranast" mikhail mikhachevsky akagadzira nharaunda yeStalin
Rufu
Muna June 1937, mhosva yaMari yaMarshal yeSoviet Union Tukhachevsky uye vatungamiriri vehondo vasere vainzi musangano wakavharwa wechiuto hwemauto. Anopomerwa haana kupa madhimoni uye haana kubvumira kufadza mutsara. Pausiku hwaJune 11 kusvika ku12, vadziviriri vaizivikanwa semhosva uye kupfura. Kuvigwa muGreater Grave pane iyo Base Cemetery yeguta guru.
MuMari yeGigstone yakawana mhuri yese yaMarshal. Mukadzi naHama Mikhail Tukhachatsky Shot. Mwanasikana uye hanzvadzi nhatu vakatumirwa kuGarig. Amai Maurus Petrovna akafa mune chinongedzo.
Yakagadzirwazve Mhungu Tukhachsky mushure meKhrushchev Exermence yeStalinism. Roman nezveMubairo weMutungamiriri akanyora boris Sokolov. Mubhuku "Mikhail Tukhechatsky: Hupenyu uye kufa kwe" Ruvara rwe "Mhezi yakakwanira kuti isatsemuka mumufananidzo wegamba: munhu ane mapato asina kusimba uye akasimba, aigara munguva yakaoma .
Chokwadi chinonakidza
- Muhudiki, Mikhail Tukhechatsky akaita musangano wake munzira yejunkers chikoro chefeldfelm. Iye mukuru wehondo. Vatatu vaunodzidza navo nekuda kwemusoja weFldofebel Tukhachevsky akaunza mucherechedzo nehupenyu - okudana.
- Muna 1915, Tukhachevsky akabatwa. Maererano nemitemo isina kukwana, kana mukuru weutapwa akapa izwi rekukudza kusingatsvaga mikana yekupukunyuka, akawana mamwe marekodzero uye aigona kuenda kunofamba. Tukhechevsky akapa izwi, asi panguva yekufamba kwatiza. Kuita kwake kwakakonzera kutsamwa uye pakati pevaGerman, uye pakati pevaGirazi vasungwa vashandi. Vakaisa chikumbiro chakabatanidzwa kumurayiro weGerman kuti ivo havana kukudzwa kukudza murume weTukhevyksky.
- Muna Kurume 1918, pakarepo mushure mekujoinha mabiko, Tukhachevsky akapa yake chirongwa chekurambidzwa kwechiKristu uye rumutsiriro rwechihedheni.
- Revhitiko Trotsky anonzi Tukhevsky "Dheimoni Revolution". Tukhechevsky haana kuziva zviremera. Akasiyaniswa nehasha dzekupedzisira mumitemo yake pamusoro pevagari vehurumende, akagadzira misasa yevasungwa, inoenderana nevarimi negesi.
- Stalin inonzi Tukhachevsky "Red Militarist". Mikhail Nikolayevich's Zvirongwa zvepasi rose muna 1927 pakuburitswa kwemakumi mashanu emakumi ezviuru zvemakumi mashanu emakore pagore zvaisave zvisiri zvechokwadi, asi zvakare kushushikana kune indasitiri. Tukhechevsky akapiwa hafu akatanga kubhadhara pamatangi. Zvakare, "Militaratist" yakapihwa kuburitsa ngarava 40,000 pagore.