Biography
Piyona weuzivi hwenguva nyowani, Chirungu sainzi Francis Beckers Becomputer nzira dzekufunda - Induction uye muedzo webhuku "Atlantis", "New Atlantis" uye "kuyedza, kana kuti Gwara rezvematongerwo enyika ".Hudu uye Vechidiki
Muvambi empiricism akaberekwa musi 22 January, 1561, ari muimba yaJehovha Yorkhouse, panguva Central London Street Street. Baba vesaenzi, Nicholas, aive wezvematongerwo enyika, uye amai veAna (mumusikana weAna (mumusikana weAna) aive mwanasikana waAnthony Cook - Hoblated mambo weEngland neIreland Edward Vi.
Amai kubva kucheche vakakurudzira mwanakomana werudo rwekuziva ruzivo, uye, vasikana vanoziva mutauro wekare wechiGiriki uye chiLatin, chakawanikwa nyore. Mukuwedzera, mukomana iye amene anga achifarira zivo kubva kuzera nyoro. Kwemakore maviri, Francis akadzidza kuUtatu College yeCambridge University, akabva apedza makore matatu muFrance, mumumiriri weChirungu weChirungu Emia Paulas.
Mushure mekufa kwemhuri yemhuri mune 1579 Bacon, bacon yakasara isina kurarama uye yakapinda kodzero yekudzidza kodzero yekuchengetedza chikoro. Muna 1582, Francis akazova gweta, uye mumunhu weparamende 1584 yeparamende, uye kusvika muna 1614 pakatarisana nenhamba pamakamuri ekamuri yenharaunda. Nguva nenguva, Bacon yaive meseji yaMambokadzi Erizabheti Ini, maari mavakatsvaga kusasarura nyaya dzevatongerwo enyika.
Zvino, vapirishefa vanobvuma kuti kana mambokadzi akatevera zano rake, mhirizhonga mbiri pakati pekorona neparamende inogona kudzivirirwa. Muna 1591, akava chipangamazano kuna Mambokadzi aVatendi - Graph Essex. Bacon yakabva yapa kuti unzwisise iyo cartridge yaive yakazvipira kusara nyika, uye riinhi muna 1601 Essex yakaedza kuronga coup, bacon, kuve gweta, yakatora chikamu mukutenda kwake semutengesi wehurumende.
Nekuda kwekuti vanhu vakamira pamusoro peFrancis vakaona maari anopikisa, uye nekuti aigara achiratidza kusagutsikana kwezvinhu zvezvematongerwo enyika Erizabhari akarasikirwa nenzvimbo yemambokadzi uye aisakwanisa kuverenga nekukurudzira. NaErizabheti ini, gweta harina kuzombowana machira akakwirira, asi apera muna 1603, Yakov ndakanamira kukumbirwa kuchigaro cheushe, basa raFrancis akaenda kugomo.
Muna 1603, Bekon yakapihwa musoro weKnight, akaiswa mumusoro weBaron Veerraulasky mu 1618 uye St. Olbansky viscount - muna 1621. MUNYAYA 1621, Muzivi akapomerwa mhosva yekuwana chiokomuhomwe. Akabvuma kuti vanhu vane zviito zvavo zvaiitwa mudare, vakamupa kakawanda zvipo. Chokwadi, izvo zvakachinja chisarudzo chake, Gweta rakaramba. Semhedzisiro, Francis akabvisa zvese zvatumirwa uye akarambidzwa kuoneka pachivanze.
Uzivi uye dzidziso
Chisikwa chikuru cheBeckon ibasa re "kuyedza" ("zvirevo"), paakashanda nguva nenguva. Makumi gumi emhando dzakabudiswa muna 1597, uye nebhuku ra1625th mubhuku ra "Miedzo" mapowo magwaro ezvitatu, aimbova edition yechitatu, kuongorora, kana zano rezvematongerwo enyika.
Mumabasa aya, bacon airatidza kushuvira, nezveshamwari, nezverudo, pakubata kwesainzi, nezvezvakaipa zvezvinhu nezvimwe zvinhu zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Mabasa akawedzera masayendisiti aine mienzaniso uye madimikira ane hunyanzvi. Vanhu vanotsvaga basa rekutsvaga maimbe vanowana matipi akavakwa chete pakuverenga kunotonhora mune zvinyorwa. Pane zvirevo zvakadaro pabasa:
"Vese vanosimuka vachipfuura neZigzags staircase" uye "mudzimai nevana ndivo vahwira vechiitiko, nekuti mhuri inonakidza yekudyidzana, uye zvakaipa nezvakaipa."Pasinei nemakirasi aBeckon ane zvematongerwo enyika uye nekutonga, chikonzero chikuru chehupenyu hwake chaive huzivi uye sainzi. Kubvisa Aristotelian, uku uchibata chinzvimbo chakakurumbira, akaramba senzira isina kugutsikana nzira uye yakatsvaga chishandiso chitsva chekufunga.
Sketch ye "chirongwa chikuru chekudzoreredzwa kwesainzi" chakagadzirwa naBacon in the 1620, mune yekutanga kushanda "jekiseni ritsva, kana chiratidzo chechokwadi chekududzira". Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvikamu zvitanhatu zvakapihwa mupepa iri (rondedzero yemashizha esainzi, rondedzero yenyaya itsva yekuwana zivo yechokwadi, seti yehukuru hwechokwadi, hurukuro yenyaya dzinoenderana nekudzokorora, sarudzo dzekutanga uye uzivi pachayo).
Bacon akakwanisa kuita chete pepa rezvikamu zviviri zvekutanga. Yekutanga yakatumidzwa kuti "Pane zvakanakira uye kubudirira kwezivo", iyo yeLatin vhezheni yeiyo "nezvekuremekedzwa uye kubatana kwesainzi" kwakabuda nekugadzirisa.
Sezvo hwaro hwehurumende yakaoma yeFrancis ndiyo inonzi "zvidhori", vachikanganisa ruzivo rwevanhu, mune yechipiri chikamu cheiyo nzira yekunzwisisa, iyo yaakapa nayo kuputsa zvese zvifananidzo. Maererano neBekon, pane marudzi mana ezvifananidzo, ayo anoiswa nepfungwa dzevanhu vese:
- Maonero ekutanga - zvidhori zve genus (zvikanganiso izvo munhu anogadzira nekuda kwechimiro chayo pachavo).
- Yechipiri mhando ye cave zvifananidzo (zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nerusaruro).
- Yechitatu maonero - zvidhori zvekwere (zvikanganiso zvinogadzirwa neasina tsanangudzo mukushandiswa kwemutauro).
- Chitarisiko chechina - zvidhori zveMitambo (zvikanganiso zvakachengetedzwa nekuda kwekuzvipira kune zviremera, masisitimu nedzidziso).
Ichitsanangura rusaruro rwunovhiringidza kukura kwesainzi, musayendisiti akapatsanura matatu-chikamu chikamu chezivo yakagadzirwa zvinoenderana nebasa repfungwa. Akataura nezvenyaya iyi, nhetembo - kufungidzira uye uzivi (izvo zvaisanganisira sainzi) mupfungwa) mundangariro. Hwaro hweruzivo rwesainzi, zvichienderana neBekon, induction uye kuedza. Induction inogona kukwana uye isina kukwana.
Yakazara induction inoreva kujairira kudzokorora kwenzvimbo yenyaya yekirasi iri pasi pekutarisa. Iyo generalizations dzinopfuurira kubva mukufunga kuti zvingave nenzira iyoyo mumatare ese akafanana zvichasangana. Incoment induction inosanganisira generalizations yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwekudzidza kweshoko rezvese, asi vamwe (mhedzisiro, sekutonga kwezvinhu zvese hazvina basa, asi zvinyoronyoro zvinoratidza kuti nhamba yavo isingazivikanwe haigoneke. Mhedzisiro iyi inogara ichiwana mukana.
Kuedza kugadzira "Echokwadi Kuwedzeredza", bacon kwaitsvaga kwete chete chokwadi kusimbisa imwe mhedziso, asi zvakare chokwadi chinozvidzora. Izvo, saizvozvo, zvombo zvetsika zvakasikwa zvezvivakwa zviviri zvekutsvagisa - zvinyorwa uye kunze. Uyezve, kukosha kukuru kwaive kusiwi. Nenzira iyi, iyo, semuenzaniso, yakagadzwa kuti "chimiro" chekupisa ndiko kufamba kweiyo madiki madiki emuviri.
Mufungo yake yeruzivo, Bacon inonamatira kune iyo pfungwa yekuti ruzivo rwechokwadi runotevera kubva pane zvakaitika kune zvakaitika (chinzvimbo chakadai chehunyanzvi chinonzi Emrirical). Akapawo miganhu yemiganhu uye chimiro cheruzivo rwevanhu mune yega yega mapoka aya uye airatidza nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekudzidza, dzisina kuteerera. Tsvimbo yeBekonov nziraology ndeyekuita zvishoma nezvishoma gendalation gendalation yezvinhu izvi zvakaonekwa mune zvakaitika.
Nekudaro, muzivi aive kure nekunzwisisika kwakareruka kweiyi generalation uye akasimbisa kukosha kwekutsigira pfungwa mukuongorora kwechokwadi. Muna 1620, bacon vakanyora Utopia "Atlantis nyowani" (rakaburitswa mushure mekufa kwemunyori, kuti ndedzipi pfungwa dzaisafanira kupa nzira kubasa "Utopia" yeGreat Thomas Mora, shamwari uye Mentor Henry Viii, iye akazondipfuura uye akagurwa musoro, nekuda kwekuvhiringidzika kwemukadzi wechipiri, Ana boleyn.
Neichi chiRima hwani murima rehunyanzvi hwe "King Yakov bessed Francis pension yemapaundi 1200. Mubasa risingazunguniveke "Atlantis nyowani", muzivi akataura nezvenyika isinganzwisisike neBeremari imba, kana "nzanga yekuziva kwezvinhu chaizvo zvezvinhu zvese", vachibatanidza mafuro makuru enyika.
Kubva kuMunharaunda uye Socialist mabasa, kusikwa kweFrancis kwakasarudzika neanotaurwa technocractic hunhu. Kuvhurwa kwenzira itsva yeruzivo uye chivimbo ndechekuti kudzidza kunofanira kutanga nekutarisa, uye kwete nefungidziro, kuiisa mumutsara mumwe nevamiriri vakanyanya kukosha kwesainzi nguva itsva.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti dzidziso yedzinza pamusoro poMutemo uye kazhinji, sainzi yekuedza uye nzira yekuedza uye yekutsvaga yakaita mupiro wakakosha kufuma yekufunga kwevanhu. Nekudaro, muhupenyu, musayendisiti haana kuwana zvakakosha kuti ubatsirwe nekudzidza, kana mumunda wefungo, uye nenzira yekunyengera kuburikidza neinosarudzika, sainzi yekuedza yakaramba.
Hupenyu Hwako
Bacon yakaroora kamwe chete. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumwe wako wechizivi aiva zvishoma zvishoma kupfuura iye. Sarudzo dzesaenzi huru musayendisiti yakava Alice Burn, mwanasikana wechirikadzi weLondon Bidencect Benkict Bairnema.
Muchato wemakore makumi mana nematanhatu eFrancis uye Alice ane makore 14 akaitika muna Chivabvu 10, 1606. Pakanga pasina vana vanobva vaviri.
Rufu
Bacon akafa muna Kubvumbi 9, 1626, mumakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, tsaona inosiririsa. Francis Hupenyu hwake hwekare hwaifarira kudzidza marudzi ese ezvisikwa zvechando, uye rimwe zuva munguva yechando, vakatasva nemusha wenyama mungoro, iyo sainzi yaive nepfungwa yekuitisa muyedzo wekuti afunge kuti anotonhora sei zvishoma nezvishoma. maitiro ekutenderera.
Muzivi akatenga chitunha chepakuka pamusika uye akamunyudza pachavo muchando, aitonhora, akarwara uye akafa pazuva rechishanu rezveshanu zvesayenzi ruzivo rwesainzi. Guva regweta riri munharaunda yeChechi yeSt. Michael muSt. Olbans (United Kingdom). Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti panzvimbo yekuviga, mushure mekufa kwemunyori webhuku "Atlantis nyowani", akatanga chifananidzo.
Zvakawanikwa
Francis bacon yakagadzira nzira nyowani dzesainzi - induction uye kuedza:- Induction izwi rakawanda rakashandiswa musainzi, rinoratidza nzira yekufunga kubva kune yakavanzika kune yakajairika.
- Kwayedza inzira yekufunda imwe phenomenon munzvimbo inocherechedzwa. Inosiyana nekutarisa kwekutaurirana kwekutaurirana neiyo chinhu chakadzidza.
BHAIBHERI
- 1957 - "Kuedza, kana mirayiridzo yetsika uye yezvematongerwo enyika" (1 edition)
- 1605 - "Pane zvakanakira uye kubudirira kwezivo"
- 1609 - "Pamusoro peNjere Yevakuru"
- 1612 - "Kuedza, kana mirayiridzo yetsika uye yezvematongerwo enyika" (2nd edition)
- 1620 - "Kudzoreredzwa kukuru kwesainzi, kana jecha idzva"
- 1620 - "Atlantis nyowani"
- 1625 - "Kuedza, kana mirayiridzo yetsika uye yezvematongerwo enyika" (3d edition)
- 1623 - "Pane Chiremera uye Kubatanidzwa kweSainzi"
Quotes
- "Kusurukirwa Kwakaipisisa hakuzi kuve neshamwari dzechokwadi"
- "Kuwedzeredza kudiki sekusina hushamwari sekusanzwisisa" kwakakwana
- "Ndakafunga zvakawanda nezverufu uye ndikawana kuti yaive diki yezvakaipa."
- "Vanhu vane zvakawanda zvakakanganisika, chekutanga kuona vese mune vamwe"