Biography
Heramulilit chinhu chaunofarira chekutsvagisa mune vekare biograph uye mumasayendisiti emazuva ano. Vakaedza kupatsanura dzidziso dzerima dzehurumende dzerima kubva pasisina rima uye risinganzwisisike biography. Saka zita rezita rePhiloseri - ganda rerima kana herlinite rakasarudzika. Pfungwa dzinokosha mukudzidza kwehupenyu, uye kunyanya rufu, uyu muzivi akave anonyanya kupokana, akatendeuka kuita ruvengo, raanoita vaverengi uye biographers mumweya.
Kuvengana, kunzwisisika kune imwe nhanho, kunosvika kusiri kusati kwamboitika pakarepo paHeraclit kufa, kuvigwa mukukasira. Kuti unzwisise rufu urwu, zvinodikanwa kuti ufunge nezvechinyakare biography yerudzi rwakadzama, nekuti maitiro evapambi ekududzirwa kwemabasa echizivi uye kududzirwa kwavo kwekunzwisisa kweupenyu izvi yakakosha.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Heraclit akaberekerwa muguta reEfeso (nyika yaiva neTurkey). Zuva chairo rePhilosopher hazvizivikanwe, vanenge 540 BC. Netsika, Heraclit inoonekwa sedzinza remhuri yekutonga, maererano nezvimwe zvinowanikwa, zita raBaba wePirisiti - Geracon kana blocon kana bloon. Semwana, mukomana haana kusiyana nevezera rake, akatamba nevamwe vakomana muambuya (analogue yemutambo mune pfupa).
Iko kungori maonero ekugara nhaka yesimba raBaba, jaya racho harina kufadza. Sekureva kwenhevedzeri, akaramba kodzero yenhaka kumunun'una wake, uye iye aigara achifunga muhunyanzvi mutembere weVamwari Artemis, achiramba achitamba nenguva nenguva Kicsi.
Ruzivo pamusoro pehupenyu nedzidziso yechizivi kubva kuEfeso chakasvika pakutevera nguva dzedu kubva pamabasa aDhiogen, ivo vakaita sebiograph yevazivi ekare. Diogen mumavhesi ekutanga akadudzira ichi chiitiko seuchapupu hwerupo reHerblit, uye akazonzi kudada, kuzvidza kana kusazvidza.
Kutenda nehunhu uhwu, hunhu hwaHeeraclit hwakazova hwakatadzisa mhosva. Saka, kunzwisisa kwebasa uye uzivi hweHeraclita kunotanga nehumwe hunhu. Kunyange ivo vadzidzisi kana vateveri vechiherite havana kana, kunze kwekunge apinzwa kubva kuguta reAtene.
Heraclt aigara achiti vadzidzisi vaisazodzidzisa vadzidzi veuchenjeri, kana zvisina kudaro Xenophane aidzidzisa, uye pythagora. Chimwe chirevo chinoti Homer yakafanirwa nekudzidziswa nekurohwa netsvimbo mumakwikwi emitemo. Izvi zvinoratidza izvo zvakakura zvehunhu nehunhu hweHercelite - kuzvitumira uye maitiro ekuzvidza kune vanhu. Chikonzero chehukama uhwu chiri nyore - vanhu ava havana kuwana huchenjeri, maererano neHeraclitus.
Muzivi kubva achiri mudiki aionekwa idzo dzakapoteredzwa nevanhu vasina kudzidza uye benzi. Mukukurukurirana kwevamwe vazivi havana kutora chikamu, havana kutora maonero ake nezvakarukwa zviri pachena, sezvinoratidzwa nekutaura kweriratidzo rweuzivi. Pfungwa huru dzeuzivi dzinoburitsa zvakare kuti nzvimbo yekuvandudza iri munyika ndeyehondo, uye kufa kweimwe kunopa hupenyu kune mumwe. Gare gare, Melanchool-heraklite yaipokana nekuseka kwesimba.
Uzivi uye dzidziso
Mahara emerclica anoshamisa uye anokanganisika. Zvinenge zvese zvebasa rake zvine dudziro inonzwisisika. Mukuwedzera, nguva yedu isati yatanga isingasviki nyika, mabasa chete evamwe vazivi nemasayendisiti vanozivikanwa nezveWorldview. Heraclita aive nekunzwisisa kwake kweuchenjeri. Haana kuratidza pfungwa zvakananga - chete nenzira yezvakavanzika kana mazano. Nekudaro, zita rechipiri reHeraclita - mudzidzisi-muzivi, haana kunyora mundima, asi pfungwa dzake dzaive dzakafanana neshumo.
Iko kugona kwekunzwisisa basa remuzivi kwakangove kwakadzidziswa nevanhu vanofunga zvekufunga. Kunyangwe Socrates akanyora kuti chikamu chidiki chete chemoyo werudzi rwakadzurwa, asi wakavawana wakanaka. Mukuwedzera, muzivi weEfeso akagadzira nzira yakasarudzika: mazano akaoma kuti ataure nenzira yemienzaniso yakareruka kwazvo, semutemo, aya aive mafambiro anoitika mune zvakasikwa.
Saka vateveri vakazvimiririra vakazvimiririra vasina kufunga kufunga kana kunyange yavo yakasarudzika mhedziso. Mupiro weHeraclitus kukuvandudza kwehunyanzvi hwekare wechiGiriki ndiko kusuma kweLogos Universal. Pakutanga, izwi iri rinonzwisiswa se "richiti" uye "zvinoreva". Iye zvino logos inoratidza zvinoreva kuve uye maitiro ese aripo.
Iyo Herakulite dzidziso yeMoxo chiratidzo chechirongwa chepasi, kupi kuwirirana kunochengetwa pamwe chete neusimbe. Saka, mukudzidzisa kweiyo muzivi, kuwirirana kwenyika yose inzvimbo yekodhi. Asi munhu haakwanisi kumunzwisisa uye anofunga Shoko rake, rayo lollolog, pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze.
Kubatana kwakabatana: Sezvo herumbult yakati, "Kuyerera kwese", nyaya inoshandurwa kuita nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi logo inoramba ichiripo. Quote of "kaviri mune rimwe rwizi hauzopfuuri" kwaive kuenderera mberi. Mazuva ano, chirevo ichi chakawana chirevo chitsva, asi zvichiri kuratidza pfungwa dzeruzivo rwemunyori.
Shanduko yenguva dzose uye shanduko yenyaya uye zvinhu zveHeraclit inonzi nyika iripo uye yakatenda kuti zvese zviri munyika hazvingongororo zvachose, asi zvakare zvine zvinopesana. Iyo dialelec yeMweya wemunhu muzivi inomiririrwa seinotevera: mweya une zvikamu zviviri - zvakanaka (moto) uye zvisiri-zvemari (mvura). Moto weHeramulit pakutanga.
Heraclit zvakare yakaunza pfungwa ye "moto wemoto", mune iyo nzvimbo inoparara kumutsidzira zvakare. Dzidziso yekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo yakanatswa neHegel muXviii century, uye Schleermar haina kuziva moto weiyo yekutanga chinhu. Kusiyana nemitemo yeHerakulite yekushandurwa kwechinhu, pfungwa huru dzeumwe muzivi wekare wechiGiriki - Parmenide, uyo aigara munguva imwe chete, funga kuti nyaya haina kuchinjika, inogara ichisvika.
Muzana ramakore rechina BC. Vanotsigira veNaturofilosophy Plato, Aristotle yakadzvanywa mune chirevo chitsva kune izwi rekuti "Logos", ranyima zvarinoreva zvarinoreva. Uye vateveri vechikoro cheChikoro cheStoicism vakadzoka iyo Logos yeiyo nzvimbo. Nenzira, izwi rekuti "cosmos" rakaunzawo zvakare Heraclitis. Chikamu chevaongorori ndezvevaHeraklite kumasayendisiti uye nasirini, kwete kune vazivi. Izvi zvakatsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti chete basa reHeraclitus, iro rakauya zuva razvino, rinonzi "pane zvakasikwa".
Basa racho rine mhando yemazana ezvimedu zvezvirevo zvezvirevo, dudziro yayo yanga iite philologist herman yakadzika. Mune zvevashandi "pane zvakasikwa", Heraculit yakaratidza nheyo dzefungidziro yeatomu. Mupiro kune sainzi yeHeraclita yakava prequature, maererano nevamwe vanyori. Mugove wesainzi akaunza pfungwa yeatomu sechinhu chidiki chidiki chechigadzirwa, ichibvumira iyo densoves yeElatov, muzivi akagadzira pfungwa yeakasiyanisa calculus.
Zvinoenderana nemazano ake, kunyange mweya wemunhu une maatomu, ayo, mushure mekufa kwemuviri, anoshandurwa neimwe nyaya - anonzi theory yeatomu. Iyo herclipiki yevanhu inoshamwaridzana inoenderana nechimiro chenyika: muviri unovakwa kubva kumaatomu akafanana nenyika yakatenderedza, uye muviri wemuviri wemuviri wemunhu idumbu. Mitemo yemhando yenyika yepanyama uye mweya wemunhu, yakavhurika ne herclic, yakaumbwa neyechisimba chikoro, avo vamiririri vaive Pythagoras, maficha.
Hupenyu Hwako
Zvinetso zveHeraclitis muhukama nehukama nehunhu, zvinosanganisira kuzvidza kwake vanhu, voisa pfungwa uye nehupenyu hwearufungo yerudzi. Heraculit aive asina mukadzi nevana, sezvo hupenyu hunopedzerwa mutemberi yerudzi rwevadiki uye rusina mhongo rwekubereka kwevaArtilemisi. Vadzidzi, vakadaro, vairemu ,wo havana - matambudziko eruzivo rwenyika, chaakabata pane zvakanyorwa, masayendisiti aifarira chete mushure mekufa kweuzivi hweuzivi hweuzivi.Rufu Herclita
Varidzi veMaurale uye vanotsvaga vanotsamwa kwete hupenyu hwakawanda, Worldview uye gogo dzeHeraclita, yakawanda sei iyo yekufa kweuzivi hweuzivi. Zvinoenderana neuchapupu hwengano, herblit akafa, kumutsa nekunhuwa, dzimwe nyaya dzinoti mutumbi wake wakaputsa imbwa.
Iyo yakanyanya kuvimbika ruzivo rwemakokodhi eMark auraiya, izvo zvinotaura kuti chikonzero chekufa kwechizivi chave dumbu (chirwere chakawandisa chakaunganidzwa mumudumbu zvinowedzera nekuda kwezvirwere zveitsvo uye moyo).
BHAIBHERI
- Naturophosophiical dzidziso yeatomismis
- Chekutanga fomu yeDilelectics
- "Mimhanzi"
- "Nezvechisikigo. Chikamu 1. Pane zvakasikwa "
- "Nezvechisikigo. Chikamu 2. Nezve Nyika "
- "Nezvechisikigo. Chikamu 3. Pamwari "
- "Mutemo hausi mutemo wekurarama"