Biography
MunaFebruary 1600, pane mwaka wemaruva, Roma yakatongerwa kurukova rufu kuburikidza nekupisa kweItari anofunga Joridhani. Hunhu hwaBruno hunofarira zvekuti nezve basa rake musainzi yeWorld norsainzi uye uzivi nhaka kusvika zvino. Jordano akagadzira dzidziso yeCopernicus nezve chimiro chechisikwa, achifungidzira kuti nyeredzi dziri kufamba miviri yekudenga, uye zvakasikwa hazviperi munguva nenzvimbo. Asi kunyange Garirea pamwe nemufananidzo wake weheliocentrist, iyo inquisition yakarangwa chete kusungwa. Nei Yakapiswa Bruno?
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu anonakidza nekuti mumakumi emakore mashoma apfuura, Chechi yeKaturike yakadzokorora zvisarudzo zviviri zvekubvunzurudzwa kwemasayendisiti nevazivi, asi Jordan Bruno haana kupinda muvengi wavo. Uyezve, chechi inotsigira chisarudzo chekubvunzurudzwa. Saka nei vabatiri vaJoridhani vekereke vakave vasina kugadziriswa? Yakanga iri nyaya munzira yake yesainzi kana chikonzero chakawanda zvakadzama?
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Firipi Bruno akaberekwa muna 1548, mutaundi reNola, pedyo neNaples, mumhuri yemusoja akasungwa Giovanni uye murombo ane murombo. Muna 1559, mukomana akaenda kuNaples kudzidza kubva kune sainzi, kusanganisira dialectics, mabhuku uye pfungwa. Makore mana gare gare, Firipi akatumira kumwedzi, kwaakapedza makore gumi. Ikoko, mukomana akagamuchira zita rechipiri, raakazozivikanwa neWorld - Jordano.
PaMonastery, Firipi akadzidza bhuku raCopernicus "pakutenderera kwematanho ekudenga" uye akapokana nekutenda kwechinyakare kwaAristotle uye Ptolemy, achiratidza kusawirirana kwavo neaya mashandiro aya. Muna 24, Jordano akava mupristi uye akapedza basa rekutanga. Zvichienderana nezvakataurwa neshinda chemuchidiki weJordano Jordano, vafundisi vakamufungira mukunyepedzera.
Yakamanikidza monki mudiki kuti aende kunomhanya. Akasiya nzvimbo yeItaly muna 1574 akadzungaira nzvimbo yeEurope. Kwemakore, Bruno akashanyira Switzerland, England, France, Germany. Muna 1577, vachisvika muTulouse (France), Bruno akaverenga hurukuro pasainzi uye uzivi hweAristotle. Makore maviri gare gare, Jordino, atove muParis, akaudza veruzhinji pamusoro pemabasa ePhilosopher, Thewog lully, world world akagoverwa uye iye amene.
Asi makore mashanu gare gare, kupokana nevatsigiri vedzidziso dzaAristotle uye akamanikidza kusiya Paris, akasiya Paris, uyo anga asiya Paris kuenda kuLondon. MuEngland, Jordino akashanda nemuchato akaroora uye akanyora nhamba yeuzivi hwehunyanzvi. Muna 1586, munhu anofunga akaenda kuGermany, asi akarambidzwa nehurukuro muna Marburg. Ipapo Bruno akatora dzidziso muWittenberg.
Sainzi
Jordano Bruno akanyora nezvehunhu hwehunyanzvi, akataura pamakakatanwa, akaziviswa, asi kupi kwese kwakapedzisira kumumanikidza kuti arege kukurudzira mazano avo. Sanivnik, akazotora chikamu mukuita mutongo werufu, akanyora kuti Jordano isarudzo dzakatanhamara, muzivi weruzivo rwechokwadi uye nekugadzirira.
Bruno akapokana neChechi yeKaturike uye kazhinji, kubva kune chero chitendero chero chipi zvacho chiripo panguva iyoyo, vachivadaidza zvakanyanya chipingamupinyi kune sainzi kukunda yavo yekukura. Muna 1584 basa rake "pahunhu, zvakasikwa zvakasikwa nenyika" zvakabudiswa.
Iri basa dzimwe nguva rinotariswa sehwaro hwezvidzidzo zvazvino zvekutadza zvemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira dzidziso yekubatana kwenyika uye kusviba uye kwechitendero chezvinhu zvakasikwa.
Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, basa "pir pane eshangu", rine mashanu dialogoes akazvipira kune nhema dzekuparadzira pfungwa dzenyeredzi dzeCopernicus. Pamwe chete navo, munyori anoratidza mazano ake nezve hukuru hwezvakasikwa uye nekuwanda kwenyika. Mubasa iri, kutenda uku kunoratidzwa kekutanga semupendero, Mesia, anowanzozivikanwa nevanoongorora vazvino vatsva.
Kusimudzira mazano eCopernicus pakutenderera kwepasi nemamwe mapuraneti muzvinhu zvakakomberedza zuva, Bruno haana kubudirira kunyange kubva mupfungwa dzakajekeswa senge bacon uye Shakespeare. Kuodzwa mwoyo munhau dzeCentral Europe, Bruno akaenda kuPrague. Paive nemamwe mabhuku mashoma akazvitsaurira kune mashiripiti.
Muzhinji, uzivi hwaBruno hwaive hwakavakirwa paPeoplatism - Aitenda kuti kune chimwe kutanga, uyo akapa kuenderera mberi kwezvose zvakasikwa. Asi kwete pakutanga chete kunonzi iye anofunga naMwari, uye mune zvakasikwa, uye kunyange munhu - chechi iyi inobviswa uye haina kugona.
Nhasi, vatsvagure nharo kuti hapana kukosha kwakakosha kwechiitiko chebruno, sezvo vakangoenderera mberi dzidziso yeCopernicus, vachiwedzera, asi vasingabudisi chiratidzo chacho. Zvese pfungwa huru uye ruzivo rweJordano rwakarara mundege yemisikirwo kana psychology, uye kwete nyeredzi zvachose.
Nekudaro, kuramba zvachose kukosha kweiyo bruno yesainzi yemazuva ano. Zvisizvo: Muzivi wekutanga akaisa iyo hypothesis nezvekufamba kwematare, munhu ari kure, munhu asingaonekwi, etc.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwega bruno hazvinyatsozivikanwa. Jordano akange asina kuroora, haana kuve nevana, uye kunyange vabati nevateveri vasina kufunga. Vamwe vaGibigraker vanobvumidza kufungidzira kwechaunga cheungochani yerudzi. Nekudaro, hazvishamise nekuda kwetsika dzemazera epakati uye, kunyanya, kune varanda vekereke.
Mumufananidzo wechiratidzo chakachengetedzwa, Jordano anoonekwa kune wechidiki asina kusimba ane pfungwa yekufunga. Kufunga uku, kusango kwesainzi uye mystics kunotsiva murume nezvinofadza zvehupenyu hwenyika uye mufaro wemukati mumaoko evakadzi vevakadzi.
Rufu
Kudzoka kubva kumadzungairi muEurope kwakadzokera kuItari, Jordhani Bruno akabva aipinda mumaoko ekubvunzurudzwa. Zvinoenderana nevazhinji vevarwi vepamusoro, muzivi aigona kudzivirira mutongo werufu, dai zvisiri zvekuita kwake zvinopesana nezvipimo zvemasikasita uye maimba uye kwete zvinodiwa pakutorwa kwavo. Vamwe vatsvagiri vanotenda kuti zvirevo zvevanofunga nezvehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwenyika uye nhungamo yezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakava chikonzero chikuru chakakonzera kutsamwa kwekubvunzisisa.
Asi shure kwezvose izvi, pfungwa dzaGarireya dzakapesana zvakajeka dzidziso dzeChechi, nei kubvunza kwakamubata zvakanyanya uye kusiririsa? Maererano nevanoongorora, mhinduro yemubvunzo uyu iri munzira dzinoshandiswa nevanofunga. Galileo aive musayenzi wesesainzi akashandisa maturusi emasvomhu mukuvandudzwa kwefungidziro. Uye Jordano, panzvimbo peizvozvo, munhu asinganzwisisike, anofunga, aishandisa mashiripiti pane nzira dzesainzi apo pakanga pasina kupokana kwakakwana.
Vazhinji vevapambi vevapambi vanoti kuurayiwa kwaJordani vakava mhedzisiro isiri iyo yekurwira nesainzi uye kujekeswa, kurwira kwakadii simba. Bruno aivimba kwazvo mudzidziso dzake, uye pfungwa dzake dzakakura dzaive dzekuramba chitendero, dzaive nerusununguko rune njodzi muEpoch yeMiddle Ages Ages Ages Ages Middle Ages Ages Ages Middle Ages. Bruno akasungwa mushure mekutuka kweimwe uchenigo, achipomera uyu muzivi mukuyera. Kuedzwa kwakatora makore matanhatu, iyo iyo muzivi inoshandiswa mukusungwa mutorongo revaRoma.
Vazhinji vavaongorori vanotenda kuti kubvunza kwakapa mukana uyu kumupristi kuti arege kuparadzwa uye kuramba ari mupenyu, asi akaramba. Rugwaro rwemutongo, rwakaitwa kubvunza kuna Jordano, zvakarasika, zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti mhosva yacho yakanga isiri zvachose dzidziso dzesainzi, asi mukumhura kweaimbova gurukota rekereke. Yakanga iri kutyisidzira kwevakuru vekereke iyo yakave chikonzero chikuru chekuuraya mukuru uye muruzivo wakasindimara.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
Hunhu hweJordano Bruno zvakanyanya kuti ngano dzifambe pamusoro pazvo dzinofamba kupfuura chokwadi chevalilo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehukama hwekunyepedzera kwevanoongorora kune dzidziso dzaro nedzidziso. Uye zvechokwadi, huwandu hwechokwadi hunonakidza hwakaitika muhupenyu hwevanofunga. Saka, munguva yehupenyu, mukoma, hama jordenya yakaratidza kusava nechokwadi nezvekutevedzana kwaJesu Kristu naMhandara, inotungamira mukutya kwemadzibaba tsvene. Chokwadi ichi chakazowanzorangarira kubvunza panguva yekutongwa.
Basa renguva refu muFrance, kunyangwe kurambwa kwechechi yezano rehunyanzvi nevashumiri veko, rinotsanangurwa nendangariro dzenzvimbo. Herrich iii akakwezvuka paari uye akamukumbira kuti amudzidzise mnemonics. Nechikumbiro chimwe chete chakazotendeukira kuBruno an aristocrat kubva kuVenice, asi gare gare Donos akanyora kudaro mudzidzisi kumudzidzisi, achipomera zvirevo zvinonyengera.
Sekureva kwaVelmazby, Jordano akarangarira n'anga yaJesu uye akapokana kuti kufa kwake kwaisaziviswa, uye zvivi zvevanhu zvisina kufa mupfungwa, izvo zvinodyiswa muzvinhu izvi zvevaKristu, asi zvinoiswa pasi kuberekwa patsva mushure mekufa kwemuviri wenyama.
Mutsara wakagadzirwa semhedzisiro yechizivi chakanzwika senge "kusauraya kweropa kuuraya", izvo zvaireva rufu pamoto. Uye mabasa aJordano Bruno aive mune rondedzero yezvinyorwa zvinorambidzwa neChechi yeKaturike, kusvikira pakati pezana ramakumi maviri.
Zvino, pane mwaka wemaruva muRoma, pane chigadziko kune anofunga uyo akazvitarisisa akafira. Asi kunyangwe kuwanikwa kwechigadziko kwakapfuura nekutsamwa uye kuratidzira kweAnticolic. Chimwezve chokwadi chinonakidza ndechekuti, kunyangwe paine kuchiva kwechechi, gare gare, muna 1973, yaive firimu rine zita rakafanana muItari, uye kunyange crater pamwedzi inopwanya zita reJordani .
BHAIBHERI
- 1582 - "Mumumvuri Wemazano"
- 1582 - "Art Yemarangariro"
- 1582 - "Rwiyo rweKiratidzo"
- 1582 - "Pakuvaka kwakapfupikiswa uye kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hwezvinonakidza"
- 1583 - "Chirangaridzo", kana "hunyanzvi hwekurangarira"
- 1583 - "Kuberekera Zvisimbiso"
- 1584 - "Pier pane esh"
- 1584 - "Nechikonzero, kutanga uye mumwe"
- 1584 - "Panyaya yezvinhu, zvakasikwa nenyika"
- 1585 - Killensky dhongi
- 1586 - "Pakududzirwa kwezviroto"
- 1588 - "Anotambudza Pamusoro Pemathematii"
- 1595 - "Code yeMitemo Mitemo"