Biography
Suleiman i - chegumi cheSultan Ottoman Humambo - akapa hurongwa hwake husingawanzoitika simba. Mukundi mukuru akatanga kuzivikanwa semunyori anehungwaru emitemo, muvambi wezvikoro zvitsva uye murangariro wekuvakwa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvivakwa.
Muna 1494 (maererano nemamwe mishumo - muna 1495), iyo yeTurkey Sultan Ilim Ini naGollan Khan Aishi Hfsy aive nemwanakomana akafanirwa nekukundwa nezvokuvanza nyika yavo.
Ramangwana Sultan Sulimban ndakagamuchira dzidzo inopenya panguva yekuchikoro chaiko muIstanbul, ndichiri mudiki nehudiki hwakaverenga mabhuku uye maitiro emweya. Kubva pazera rekutanga, vechidiki vaitarisira zviitiko zvekutonga, vachifungidzira matunhu matatu nemubati, kusanganisira muVassal Crimean Khanate. Kunyangwe vasati vachikwira chigaro, vadiki vanozivisa rudo uye ruremekedzo rwevagari veOttoman State.
Kutanga kwebhodhi
Suleiman akatora chigaro chake chaanga achingova nemakore makumi maviri nematatu. Tsanangudzo yekuonekwa kwemutongi mutsva wePeru yeVeneti Ambassador Bartarini, yakapinda bhuku rakakurumbira reChirungu
"Yakakwirira, yakasimba, ine chimiro chakanaka chaicho. Mutsipa wake wakareba kupfuura zvakajairwa, kumeso kwakatetepa, mhino igondo. Ganda rinowanzove rakawandisa pallor. Ivo vanoti Iye ndiIshe akachenjera, uye vanhu vese vanotarisira kutonga kwake kwakanaka.Uye Suleiman pakutanga anotarisira tariro. Akatanga nemaitiro ehuni - akadzosera rusununguko kumazana evatapwa vakasungwa mumhuri kubva kumhuri dzakanaka dzenyika dzakabatwa nababa. Yakabatsira kutangazve kutengesa hukama nenyika.
Kunyanya kuidzwa kwakafara nekuvhunduka kwevaEuropean, kutarisira nyika refu, asi, sezvazviri, kutanga. A yakaenzana uye yakanaka pakutanga kutarisa, mubati weTurkey achiri akabaya hope dzechiuto.
Kunze kwenyika
Pakupera kwebhodhi, biography yechiuto cheSuleiman ndakaverenga nhare huru gumi nematatu, ndedzipi dzinotangira gumi dzekukunda - muEurope. Uye izvi hazvisi kuverenga zvidiki zvekupambwa. Hurumende yeOttman haina kumbobvira yasimba kwazvo: Nyika yake yakatambanudzwa kubva kuAlgeria kuenda kuIran, Egypt uye inoda kusvika pachikumbaridzo cheVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienna yeVienta. Panguva iyoyo, izwi rinoti "Turseki pagedhi" rakava shongwe inotyisa yevaEuropean, uye mutongi weOttoman akafananidzwa naantikristu.
Pashure pegore mushure mekukwira, Suleiman akaenda kumiganhu yeHungary. Mukutungamirirwa kwemauto eTurkey akawira pasi pesimba reShabat. Kukunda kwakakandwa sekubva kuwanda - Osmans kusimbiswa kweGungwa Dzvuku, Algeria, Tunisia uye Rhodes Island, akakunda Tabriz neIraq.
Gungwa dema uye nechikamu chekumabvazuva kweMediterranean vakaitikawo pane imwe nzira inokurumidza kukura EMPLE. Mukuzviisa pasi kweSultani aive Hungary, Slavonia, Transylvania, Bosnia ne Herzegovina. Muna 1529, Mutongi weTurkey akamhanya kuAustria, achipisa mauto evarwi mazana maviri emazana emakurukota ayo. Nekudaro, denda rakatora chetatu chehondo yeOttoman yakabatsirwa neVienna. Kukomba kwaifanira kubvisa.
Pane chete panyika yeRussia, Suleiman haana kumboedza zvakanyanya, achifunga nezveRussia boka rematsi matsi iro risingabhadhare kuedza uye kushandisa mari mari. Osmans dzimwe nguva akaronga kupambwa pamusoro pekuremekedza kweiyo Stratew, Crimean Khanwo akasvika kuguta guru, asi mushandirapamwe mukuru waisazoitika.
Pakupera kwoutongi hwaDhithodhi waishuvira, Humambo hweOttman rakashanduka kuita huru uye yakasimba mamiriro munhoroondo yenyika yechiMuslim. Zvisinei, zviitiko zvechiuto zvinyorwe mutariri wefuma, zvirimo muuto kubva zviuru mazana maviri emauto, mune varanda, Yanychars, vakadya zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvikamu zverunyararo.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvematongerwo enyika
Suleiman kwete pasina zita rakawana zita rekuti, hupenyu hwemutongi hunozadzwa nekusabudirira kwemauto chete, Sultani akabudirira mune zvemukati zvehurumende. Pamusoro pake, iwo mutongi Ibrahimi kubva kuAleppo akagadziridza chivanze chedare, raakaita kusvika kune zana ramakumi maviri. Kunyorera kukuvara uye chirango cherufu chakadzikira zvishoma, kunyange matsotsi akabatwa pakunyepedzera kwemari uye zvinyorwa, iyo Mzomoti nePergury, ichiri kurasikirwa nebhuruu roruoko rwerudyi.
Mutongi weHurumende weHurumende, uko vamiririri vezvitendero zvakasiyana vakabatana, vaiona kuti zvakafanira kushayisa kudzvinyirira Shariya uye akaedza kuumba mitemo yenyika. Asi chikamu chedzimwe shanduko hazvina kuitika nekuda kwehondo isingaperi.
Akachinja kuva ari nani uye zvikoro zvekutanga zvakatanga kuita chimwe nechimwe mushure meimwe, uye akapedza kudzidza, kana achida kudiwa, akagara achiwana zivo mumakoreji, ayo aive ari mukati memamo masere makuru.
Kutenda Sultan, nhaka yekugadzira yakarongedzwa yakadzikiswa neunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Sekureva kwematanho echigadzirwa chinodiwa, Sinana akavaka mosque matatu anodikanwa
Suleiman akasiyaniswa netarenda renhetembo, saka kugona kwekunyora hakuna hanya. Munguva yekutonga kwake, nhetembo dzeOttoman netsika dzePersia dzakapukutwa kusvika pakukwana. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinzvimbo chitsva chakaonekwa - rwiyo rwemhando, rwakagarwa nenhetembo, izvo zvakapinda munhetembo dzezviitiko zvazvino.
Hupenyu Hwako
Ini ndinoregedza ini, kuwedzera kune nhetembo, ndaifarira zvishongo zvezvishongo, ndakanzwa munhu ane hunyanzvi hwekuchemesa uye kunyange zvake akakanda pfuti dzehondo.
Vakadzi vangani vaivamo mune sultan harem, isingazivikanwe. Vanyori venhoroondo vanoziva chete nezvezvinodiwa zviri pamutemo vakabereka Suleiman. Muna 1511, murongo wekutanga wemugari ane makore 17 okukura kune chigaro cheushe paakava fyulana. Mwanakomana wake Mahmob akafa nedombodo, asingasviki makore gumi. Musikana wacho akanyangarika kubva kune zvakanakira hupenyu hwaive pedyo nekukasira mushure mekufa kwemwana.
Gulfem Hat, wechipiri murongo, akapawo zvakadyarwa kumutongi, uyo aive denda hadzina kusevha. Mukadzi anoburitswa kubva kuSultan, kwehafu yezana remakore akaramba ari shamwari yake uye zano. Muna 1562, gulfem pamusoro pemirairo yeSuleiman yakatsauswa.
Wechitatu wandinofarira aive achisvika nechimiro chemukuru wemutongi - Makhidevran-sultan. Kwemakore makumi maviri, pakange paine pesvedzero huru kwazvo muhupfuu uye mumuzinda, asi akatadza kugadzira mhuri iri pamutemo ne sultan. Akasiya guta guru reumambo pamwe chete nemwanakomana waArefaa, akagadzwa nemubati weimwe yematunhu. Gare gare, mugari wenhaka wechigaro chake akaurayiwa nekuda kwekuti dhido racho raizoparadza Baba.
Rondedzero yevakadzi Suleiman yakaisvonaka musoro musoro nekuakandwa. Anodiwa nemidzi yeSlavic, Roksolana, musungwa weGalicia, sezvazvakadaidzirwa muEurope, sultani yakamufadza rusununguko, uye wobva waenda kumabasa epamutemo - muchato wechitendero wakagumiswa muna 1534.
Iyo zita rezita reUrm ("laming") roksolana yakagashirwa yekunakidzwa kutsamwa uye smoothies. Musiki weHaremi muTarkapi Palace, muvambi wemasangano anobatsira akafuridzirwa nevanyori nevanyori, kunyangwe zvisina kufanira chitarisiko - izvo zvidzidzo zvakafarira pfungwa uye neyako trks.
Roksolana Nounyanzvi akaunza murume wake, nepointer yake, Sultani akabvisa vanakomana vake akazvarwa nevamwe vakadzi, akafungidzira uye ane hutsinye. Akakanda akabereka Mirhima nevanakomana vashanu.
Pane izvi, mushure mekufa kwaBaba, iyo nyika yakatungamirwa nechibatanidzwa, asi yakanga isina kusarudzika netarenda rakasarudzika re autocrat, aida kunwa uye kufamba. Munguva yekutonga kweComplim, Humambo hweOttman hwakatanga kupera. Rudo rwaSuleiman haruna kupera simba rekunyaradza pamakore, mushure mekufa kwemukadzi wake, mutongi wechiTurkey haana kuenda zvakanyanya pasi pekorona.
Rufu
Sultan, akapfeka mabvi ake, nyika dzine simba dzakafa, sezvaaishuvira, muhondo. Zvakaitika panguva yekukomba kweiyo hungary nhare yeiyo sigtaur. Makore manomwe-ane makore ane makore akavezwa kwenguva refu nekutambudzwa nehusiku, chirwere ichi chakafambira mberi, uye kunyange kukwira bhiza ranga ratove nekuoma.
Akafira mangwanani aSeptember 6, 1566, uye asina kurarama maawa mashoma ekuparadzwa kwesimba. Vachechi vevanachiremba vakabva vauraya kuti ruzivo nezverufu harwakasvika mauto, ayo ari mukupisa kwekuodzwa mwoyo aigona kusimudza mhirizhonga. Chingori mushure mekunge mugari wenhaka wechigaro chechigaro cheushe akagadza muIsranbul, varwi vakadzidza nezverufu rwaIshe.
Maererano nengano, Suleiman akanzwa kuguma kwekusvika uye akataura zvekupedzisira zvichaira-mubatanidzwa. Chikumbiro chehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi nhasi chinozivikanwa kune wese: Sultani akakumbira kusavhara maoko pamusoro pehupfumi - hupfumi hwakasimba munyika, uye kunyange Suleiman ndiye akanaka, ishe mukuru weumambo hweOTTOMAN , inoenda nemaoko asina chinhu.
Imwe ngano yakabatana nerufu rwemutongi weTurkey. Anonzi akatasva muviri, uye nhengo dzakatanhamara dzemukati dzakaiswa mumudziyo wegoridhe uye akapiswa panzvimbo yekufa kwake. Ikozvino kune mareza mongsoles nemosque. Zvasara zveSuleiman zvasara pamakuva eSulimania mosque vakavakirwa naye, pedyo neRoxolana Mausoleum.
Ndangariro
Mashoma emhizha uye zvinyorwa zvinotaurira nezve hupenyu hweSuleiman I. Iyo nhevedzano inoti "makore makumi mapfumbamwe ekurufu" aive nekuvharirwa kwakajeka kweHarem Intrigues, iyo yakaona mwenje muna 2011. Mubasa reMutongi weOttoman, iyo Khlit Ergech, iyo mhosva yayo yaitonga inonzwa ichinzwa nepikicha.
Mufananidzo wakasikwa neye mutambi unozivikanwa seyekunyatsoziva kwemauto eSultan mu cinema. Varongo nemukadzi veMutongi vanoridza merry primelli, mutambi ane midzi yechiGerman-Turkish, zvakare, yakakwanisa kutamisa zvinhu zvikuru zve cherrere - kusimba uye kutendeseka.
Mabhuku
- "Suleiman ikuru." Iyo sultan yakakura kwazvo yeHurumari weOttoman. 1520-1566 ", gwayana
- "Suleiman. Sulan East, "gwayana
- "Sultan Suleiman naRoksolana. Rudo rusingaperi mumavara, mavhesi, zvinyorwa ... "prose yeGreat.
- Akateerana mabhuku "maonerontion century", N. Pavlischev
- "Zera rakanaka kwazvo reSuleiman uye rakaruki-sultan", P. J. Parker
- "Ukuru uye kudonha kweHurumende yeOttoman. Iwo asina umambo asina mabwe ", Goodwin Jason, mabhora m
- "Roksolana, mambokadzi wemabvazuva", O. Nazaruk
- "Harem", B. Diki
- "Kuyerera uye kuderera kweHuruman Humambo", L. Kinross
Mafirimu
- 1996 - "Roksolana"
- 2003 - "Akarukwa Sultan"
- 2008 - "Mukutsvaga chokwadi. Roksolana: Nzira yeropa Kuti Chigaro cheushe "
- 2011 - "Magariro Anofara"
Architecture
- Mosque SuleyMania
- Mosque naUrm Sultan
- Mosque Shehzade
- Mosque selimium