Biography
Jean-Jacques Rousseau akaberekerwa muGeneva muna June 28, 1712. Iyi muzivi wechiFrench uyu, munyori weeophi ekujekesa anozivikanwa kune anoshanda pepagegical, dzidziso. Rousseau anodana muvambi wekudanana musainzi yehunyanzvi. Vamwe vatsvagiri vanotenda kuti Jean-Jacques Rousseau kune imwe pamwero wakamutsamwiswa neFrance Revolution.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Hudiki hweFranco Swiss Jean-Jacques haagone kunzi carsefree. Amai, Suzanna Bernard, vakasiya mwanakomana pakuchengeta kwaBaba vaIsaka Rousseau, akashanda newachigadziri uye akashanda semudzidzisi wekutamba. Kufa kwemurume / murume / murume murume / murume mumwe murume akaomesa, asi akaedza kutungamira rudo rwedzidzo Jean-Jacques. Yakava mupiro yakakosha mukuvandudzwa kweiyo mudiki rousseau.
Mwana kubva pamakore ake akadzidza mabasa aPlutarha, achiverenga "nyeredzi" naBaba vake. Jean-Jacques akazviratidza panzvimbo yegamba rekare rezvirevo uye kunyanya akapisa ruoko rwake. Nenguva isipi nguva pfupi yorudo yaifanira kusiya gepa nekuda kwekurwisa kwakashonga, asi mukomana akagara mumba make aine babamunini. Mubereki haana kufungidzira kuti Mwanakomana angazove mudzidzisi anokosha eaya nguva iyi.
Gare gare, hama dzakapa Jean-jacques kuPurotesitendi Pension Lamaki. Pashure pegore, Rousseau kuti rovedzo yakaendeswa kune dzidziso, yakazoendeswa kuGarre. Pasinei nekudyara kwakakomba, jaya rakawana kuverenga nguva. Dzidzo Dzakadzidziswa Jean-Jacques kunyepa, kunyepedzera uye kuba.
Mumakore gumi nematanhatu, Rousseau akatiza kubva kuGeneva uye anopinda munyama, iri muTurin. Kwemwedzi mina pakanga paine muzivi wenguva yemberi apa, shure kwaizvozvo iye akapinda basa kune aristocrats. Jean-Jacques akashanda ne lacquer. Mwanakomana wehuwandu akabatsira murume uyu kuti anzwisise zvekutanga zveItari. Asi hunyanzvi hwetsamba Rousseau akagamuchira iyo Momashi - Mai De Varani.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau mune mamwe mabasa, akanyorwa pachangu, anomiririra nyaya dzinonakidza kune yavo biography. Nekuda kweizvi, tinodzidza kuti jaya rakashanda nemunyori uye nemuperekedzi wemba zvisati zvaitika kuchizivi uye mabhuku.
Uzivi uye mabhuku
Jean-Jacques Rousseau ari, kutanga pane zvese, muzivi. Mabhuku "chibvumirano chehurukuro", "llei llei lleil" uye "Emil" achiri kudzidza vamiriri vesainzi. Mumabasa, munyori akaedza kutsanangura chikonzero nei paine kusaenzana kwenharaunda munharaunda. Rousseau kutanga waedza kuona kana paine nzvimbo yekuve iri nzira yekubatikana yekugadzira mamiriro.
Jean-Jacques aiona Mutemo wekutaura zvakajairika. Aifanira kudzivirira vamiriri vekambani kubva kuhurumende, iyo isingakwanise kusashora mutemo. Kuenzana kwezvinhu zvinogoneka, asi pane chirevo chekuda kuzivikanwa. Rousseau akapa vanhu kuti vabvunze Mutemo, nekudaro vachidzora maitiro evakuru. Kutenda kuna Jean-Jacques, Rousseau akasika referendamu, akaderedza nguva yemutevedzeri wechiremera, akaunza danho rezvematongerwo enyika, basa rekumanikidzirwa.
"Eloise nyowani" - chiratidzo che rousseau. VELLEL yakateedzera zvakajeka zvinyorwa zveClarissa Garloa, yakagadzirwa naRichardson. Iri bhuku raJean-Jacques rakatarisa basa rakanakisa rakanyorwa muEpistolary Genre. "Eloise nyowani" inomiririra mavara gumi nematanhatu. Iri basa rakatungamira kufadza Societ french, kubva mumakore iwayo nzira iyi yekunyora zvinyorwa zvakakurumbira.
"Eloise nyowani" inotaurira nyaya yenhamo mune imwe furati yemunhu mukuru. Inoisa kuchengetedzwa kwehutachiona pairi, kuva nemusikana wekuti unakirwe nerudo uye kuzviisa pasi pekugadzira muyedzo. Iri bhuku rakakunda rudo rwevanhu uye vakaita Rousseau naBaba vekudanana muuzivi. Asi hupenyu hwekunyora hwemunyori hwakatanga zvimwe zvakapfuura. Kudzoka pakati peiyo Xviii century, Rousseau yaisanganisira Embassy Service muVenice. Nenguva isipi murume anowana izwi rekusvika.
MuParis, kuzivana kwakaitika, izvo zvakatora chinzvimbo chakakosha mune yemugumo wechiForosofi. Jean-Jacques akasangana nemunda weGolbach, Denis Did's Kondoillak, Jean D'Alber uye Grimm. Nhamo dzekutanga uye magungano haana kufarirwa, asi muna 1749, achifunga, akaverenga mupepanhau nezve mukwikwidzi. Nyaya yacho yaive pedyo neRousseau:
"Kugadziriswa kwesainzi uye hunyanzvi kudzikira kwetsika, kana kuti kwakabatsira pakuvandudzika kwavo?".Yakafemera munyori. Kuzivikanwa pakati pevagari Jean-Jacques akawana mushure meOpera "Mushandi". Chiitiko ichi chakaitika muna 1753. Pfungwa uye chimiro chengoma chakapupurirwa kune vagari vemo. Kunyangwe Louis Xv akarwa Aria chip kubva kubasa.
Asi "n'anga" uye "kufunga" kwakawedzera matambudziko eRussia. Grimm naGolbach vanonzwisisa kusika Jean-Jacques Zvakaipa. Voltaire akamira parutivi rwevavhenekeri. Chinetso chikuru, zvichienderana nevazivi, yaive Democracy iripo parizvino iri mubasa reRousseau.
Vanyori venhoroondo vane Eustice vakadzidza zvakasikwa zve jean-jacques anonzi "kureurura". Chokwadi uye kutendeseka zviripo mumutsara wega wega webasa. Rousseau akaratidza vaverengi simba uye kushaya simba, akafumura mweya. Quotes kubva mubhuku ichiri kushandisa kugadzira biography's biography uye munyori, kuongorora kugona uye hunhu Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Pedagogy
Munzvimbo yekufarira kwekujekesa, Jean-Jacques Rousseau aive munhu akasikwa asingakanganisi mamiriro ezvinhu. Muzivi akatenda kuti dzidzo yakakanganiswa nekukura kwemwana. Rousseau akashandisa zano iri kana achikudziridza pfungwa yedegegogari. Pfungwa huru yeFedagogical yeJean-Jacques yakaratidzwa mubasa reEmil, kana nezvekurerwa. Izvi zvinongedzo, pakuzivikanwa kwemunyori, zvakanyatsonaka uye zvakakosha. Kuburikidza nezvinoongorora mifananidzo, Rousseau akaedza kuburitsa pfungwa pamusoro pe pedogogyistic.
Dzidzo uye tsika dzedzidzo haina kugutsa muzivi. Pfungwa dzaJean-Jacques dzakapesana nechokwadi chekuti hwaro hwetsika idzi ndiyo kereke, uye kwete democracy, inogoverwa zvakanyanya mumakore iwayo muEurope. Rousseau akasimbirira pane kukosha kwekugadzira matarenda echisikigo mumwana. Iko kusimudzira kwechisikigo kwemunhu ndewekutanga basa redzidzo.
Maererano naJean-Jacques, maonero ari kurerwa kwevana anofanirwa kuchinjwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti munhu kubva panguva yekuzvarwa uye kufa anogara achivhura hunhu hutsva pachako uye nyika yakapoteredza. Kubva pane izvi, zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinoda kuvaka. MuKristu ane mutsa uye murume akanaka haasi izvo zvinodiwa nemunhu. Rousseau akatenda nemwoyo wose kuti kune vakadzvinyirirwa uye vanodzvinyirira, uye kwete vagari vemo kana vagari vemo.
Pedagogical Pfungwa Jean-Jacques Rousseau aive mune zano revabereki nezve kukosha kwekuvandudza muchishuvo chevanhu chidiki chebasa, zvichiremekedza, pfungwa yerusununguko uye rusununguko. Pasina mhosva iwe unogona kuita kana kubvuma kune izvo zvinodiwa, kunyange zvinovana vevana. Panguva imwecheteyo, iwe unofanirwa kusiya kuzviisa pasi kwemwana. Asi vanonyanya kuona muzivi wekuchinja mutoro wedzidzo kune wechidiki.
Basa rinokosha mukudzidzisa munhu rinoridzwa nebasa, iyo ichatungamira pfungwa yekufa yebasa uye mutoro wezviito zvake. Nomuzvarirwo, izvi zvicharamba zvichiita kuti mwana awane chikafu. Muzvidzidzo zvebasa, Rousseau aireva kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa, kwetsika uye mumuviri. Iko kuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa uye zvido zvemwana zvinofanirwa kunge zvichishungurudza vabereki.
Sekureva kwaJean-Jacques, Rousseau, panzvimbo yega yega yevakuru vanodiwa kukudziridza chimwe chinhu chinotsanangurwa muCHAD. Kusvikira pamakore maviri - kukura kwepanyama. Kubva pa2 kusvika ku12 - nyanzvi, kubva pa12 kusvika ku15 - kwepfungwa, kubva pamakore gumi nemashanu kusvika gumi nemasere - Tsika. Pamberi paBaba naamai, ibasa guru - kuve nemoyo murefu uye kuramba vachishingirira, asi pasina mhosva haigone "kutyora" mwana wenhema wenzanga yanhasi. Kurovedza muviri uye kuomesa kuchishanda mukukanganisika kwemwana, kuratidzwa uye kusimbisa hutano.
Munguva yekukura achiri kuyaruka nekuda kweruzivo rwenyika, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza kushandisa pfungwa, kwete bhuku racho. Mabhuku akanaka, asi anodya mukukurumidza pfungwa dzake zvaine chiratidzo chenyika.
Saka, mwana haazokudziridzi pfungwa dzavo, asi achaziva mazwi evamwe pakutenda. Pfungwa huru dzedzidzo yepfungwa dzaive dzekutaurirana: Vabereki uye vadzidzisi vanogadzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo mwana ari kuda kubvunza mibvunzo uye kugamuchira mhinduro. Rousseau anofunga nezve kukosha kwekusimudzira kwezvinhu, biology, chemistry uye fizikisi.
Vakuru pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu rinogara richinzwika, kubuda kwemanzwiro anovhara vechidiki vane misoro. Izvo zvakakosha panguva ino kuti urege kuzvidzora nehunhu, asi kuedza kudzidzisa tsika dzakanaka. Sosaiti yacho unzenza, saka haina kufanira kukudziridza basa iri pane vanhu vekunze. Panguva ino, zvakakosha kukudziridza mutsa womanzwiro, kutonga uye kuda. Zviri nyore kuzviita uchave kure nemaguta makuru nemiedzo yavo.
Kana murume wechidiki kana musikana achangove ave nemakore makumi maviri, zvinodikanwa kuti utamire kumuzivikanwe pamwe nemabasa everuzhinji. Sezvineiwo, iyi nhanho yevamiriri vechikadzi kubvumidzwa kusvetuka. Mabasa ehurumende haangoita chiratidzo chechirume. Mumabasa aJean-Jacques, Rousseau akatevera zvakanakira munhu, uyo akapokana nenharaunda yeiyo Xviii century.
Achienderera mberi kwakatoita kakawanda munyika yePedagogarical, asi zviremera zvakazviratidza zvine ngozi, zvichityisidzira mapepa ezvivakwa zvevanhu veruzhinji. Kuratidzira "Embil, kana nezvekurerwa" kupiswa, uye maererano naJean-Jacquor akaburitsa chirevo. Asi Rousseau akakwanisa kuvanda muSwitzerland. Pfungwa dzemuzivi, kunyangwe husina kunaka hwehurumende yeFrance, yakapesvedzera pepagogy nguva iyoyo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari kuroora mukadzi akanaka, Jean-Jacques haana kuve nemukana, saka muzivi akasarudza Teresa Levasser. Mukadzi akashanda nemusikana kuhotera ari muParis. Pfungwa nehungwaru hweTeresa hazvina kusiyana. Musikana akauya kubva kune mumwe mujaho wedzinza. Dzidzo haina kugamuchira - haina kutsanangura kuti inguvai. Munharaunda, Revasser akazviratidza pachena.
Kunyange zvakadaro, muwanano Rousseau akararama kusvika pakupera kwemazuva. Pashure pemakore makumi maviri ehupenyu hwekuroora, pamwe chete naTeresa, murume akaenda kuchechi, kwavakaroora. Vakaroora vaive nevana vashanu, asi vacheche vakabva vangopa imba yekudzidzisa. Jean-Jacques akatsanangura chiitiko ichi nekushaikwa kwemari. Kunze kwezvo, maererano neuzivi hweuzivi, vana vakabatanidza newaousseau chaaida.
Rufu
Rufu rwaNastigala Jean-Jacquar Rousseau Chikunguru 2, 1778, muPubbban Kugara kweChateau D'Ermenonville. Pano muna 1777 akaunza muzivi shamwari yaacherekedza kuora muhutano hweRussia. Zvekuvaraidza, muenzi wevaeni wakaronga konsati pane chitsuwa chiri mupaki. Jean-Jacques, anowira murudo nenzvimbo ino, akakumbira kuronga guva rake pano.Shamwari yakafunga kuzadzisa chikumbiro chekupedzisira cheRousseau. Iko kushanya kwepamutemo kweruzhinji nhamba ndiyo chitsuwa cheYvha. Mazana emafani gore rega rega akashanyira paki nekuda kwekuzivana naRudzikinuro, uyo akapenya kwazvo kurondedzerwa schiller mumitemo. Munguva yekuchinja kukuru kwechiFrench, zvakasara zvaJean-Jacques Russo akatamira kuPantheon. Asi mushure memakore makumi maviri pakanga paine chiitiko chakaipa - matsotsi maviri akabiwa neguruva remuzivi uye akakandirwa mugomba, akazadzwa ne lime.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Rousseau akadzidza kuChikoro cheMimhanzi, akanyora zvemimhanzi mabasa.
- Mushure memakore akati wandei ekudzungaira, muna 1767 akadzokera kuFrance, asi pasi pezita rakasiyana.
- MuSwitzerland pane chitsuwa ichienda kuRwizi rweRhone, vanonzi Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
- Muzivi afarira mukurumbira kubva kuvakadzi.
- Rousseau yaisave basa rebasa nekuda kwehunhu hwepombi.
BHAIBHERI
- 1755 - "Kukurukurirana nezve kwakatanga kusakwana pakati pevanhu"
- 1761 - "Julia, kana Eloise nyowani"
- 1762 - "Pane Chibvumirano cheVoruzhinji"
- 1762 - "EMIL, kana Kurera"
- 1782 - "Kufamba Huriri Kurota"
- 1782 - "Kufunga nezveHurumende yePoland"
- 1789 - "Kureurura"