Biography
Hazvigoneke kukoshesa kukosha kwemabasa akanyorwa nevanhu vekare vakangwara, vawanikwa uye imwe nhaka, iyo yakaenda kuvanhu kubva panguva dzisati dzaitika. Nehurombo, mabasa mazhinji haana kupona nanhasi, uye uku kurasikirwa kukuru. Nekudaro, hazvinei nekuzvidemba kuti hazvibviri kuchinja, kunyorera, pahwaro hwemamiriro azvino. Panguva diki diki, muGiriki wekare uye vakachenjera vekare veRoma vakachenjera, varume vakatenderwa nemhuri yavo kubva kuHeroani.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nezvehudiki hwemunyori wekare wechiGiriki uye muzivi anozivikanwa. Akazvarwa muna 46 wezuva redu. Vabereki vemukomana, kunyangwe vakachengetedzwa, asi vaisava vevaridzi veAristocrats kana vamwe vakasarudzwa. Zvakangodaro, ichi chokwadi hachina kudzivirira Plutarch nemukoma wake vaiverenga mabhuku uye kuwana dzidzo yakanaka muAthens.
Kudzidza Uzivi, Retoric uye masvomhu, Platarchn akatanga shamwari dzake nemudzidzisi weAmoni - vanotsigira dzidziso dzaPlato. Hushamwari uhwu hwakatungamira kuchokwadi chekuti pakupera kwekudzidziswa kwemapurinda pamwe chete nemukoma wake akaenda kuDelphi.
Chinangwa cherwendo urwu chaive munhu waunoziva neyekuchinjana chaApollo, pamwe nezviitiko zvezvirevo uye zvimedu. Chiitiko ichi chakakanganiswa zvakanyanya ne pherutarch, mumakore akazotevera haana kumbobvira awachaira izvi (kusanganisira mumabasa ake).
Kudzoka kudzokera kuguta reNyika reHellive, Plutararge yakapinda basa revanhu, achiva archon-apony. Basa rekutanga rechidiki kuchenongedzo yaive mushumo wekutongera Consulus Avoya Province nezvezvinodiwa zveGuta. Kubudirira kutsungirira nemurayiridzo, Pllarch akaenderera mberi nebasa rake neruzhinji.
Uzivi uye mabhuku
Plutarch aigara achizviona seye muteveri wedzidziso dzaPlato. Zvakangodaro, zvichave zvakanyatsonaka kuizivikanwa kune eclecticls - vateveri vekuyerera, vakaumbwa zvizere mushure mekufa kwePlashopher neAlexandria Potamon.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakanganisa kuumbwa kwevanoona vePlarch, pakati pemberi dzipi dzaimboshanda zvikuru. Nekudaro, zvakakodzera kuti uzive kuti kunyangwe panguva yekudzidziswa, muzivi wenguva yemberi wakwanisa kujaira kujairana (vadzidzi veAristotle) uye neStopiki. Uye kana vateveri vaHaristotle vakaratidzika kuva kwaari zvakanyanya kana kushoma, ipapo maStoiki, sevaEpicureans, plutarchs akazoshora.
Zvakare, pakati peimwe yekufamba kwake, rugare rwekunyura rwakakwanisa kujairana neanonzwika kwechiRoma Nonopagors. Nhaka yekuverenga yeuzivi yakanyanya kuwanda. Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo, yakanyorwa nehama yeuzivi nemwenje, Plitarch akanyora nezvakanyorwa mazana maviri nemakumi maviri, chikamu chikuru chacho chakachengetedzwa zuva razvino. Kubva pane urwu, vaongorori vakaisa "hupenyu hwekufananidza" uye "tsika" yechiitiko, inosanganisira 78 inoshanda (pamwe 5 yakawanda neyakaora mutemo).
"Varidzi vehupenyu" Vaviri vane 22 mbiri dzezvikwiriso zvekare zvevaGesiki vekare uye vaJulius, naAlexander Masedhonia, pamwe nevatauri veMemoomani naCicero. Vakaroorana vakasarudzwa vakasarudzwa nekufanana kweavo mavara uye zviitiko.
Paunenge uchitsanangura hupenyu, muzivi anoshanda zvakasununguka pazvinhu izvi, achipokana kuti anonyora biography, uye kwete nyaya. Chinangwa chikuru cheiyi chinyorwa chaive chekuziva huwandu hukuru hwekare uye hwakatakura hunhu hwakasarudzika. Nenzira, mune yekutanga kwaive nekuwedzera kwakawanda kwekuenzanisa, asi vamwe havana kuchengetedzwa.
Kutenderera kwe "chembere" kwakatakurawo basa rekudzidzisa, sezvo chikamu chikuru chemabasa emabasa ari mazviri zvakanyorwa naPlutarha Lecturer uye zano. Mienzaniso inoshamisa kwazvo inosanganisira mabasa akadai: "Pakushungurudzika kwakanyanya", "pamusoro pekukurukurirana", "pamashandisiro aungaita hurukuro", "pauchenjeri", "pakukura kwevana".
Kwaivawo nemabasa ezvematongerwo enyika - "kuraira pane zviitiko zveHurumende" uye "paMonarchy, democracy uye oligarchy". Plutarchani yavo akanyora, kuti agamuchira vagari vemo uye nyika yeNyika muRome (izvi zvakaitika here nekutenda uku kuzivana ne quint kuyamwa kusimuka. Kana kushusha kwemasayendisiti nevazivi vakatanga namambo Tita Tamba Flavia Domsian, vakadzokera kuHeroonee, vachiisa pasi pekucheka zvirevo zvake.
Plutarchs akashanyira maguta makuru eGreek (kusanganisira muKorinde), akashanyira Sarda, Alexandria uye mamwe maguta. Zvichienderana nekufamba kwake, muzivi akanyora zvakanyorwa zvakadai se "nezveIside uye Osiris", uyo akataura maonero ake pakunzwisisa ngano dzekare dzeGreek, nyaya mbiri "uye" mibvunzo yechiRoma ".
Mumabasa aya, nhoroondo yemasangano maviri emafuta ainzi Alexander Masedhonia (kuwedzera ku "hupenyu hwekufananidza") - "Pakubwinya kwaAlexander" uye "nezve rombo rakanaka" uye rombo reAlexander Great ", pamwe nehuwandu hwakawanda mabasa.
Plutarch vakataura nezvaanofunga nezvehunyanzvi hwake mukududzirwa kwemabasa aPlato ("Platoovsky mibvunzo"), mune zvinopesana neStoikov "," kuti kunyange hupenyu hwakanaka hazvigoneke, kana iwe ukatevera Epurus "), Muunganidzwa "Kukurukurirana", kuve nemabhuku gumi nemashanu, pamwe chete nePythi dialogue ("kuti mapani haawedzere mavhesi mazhinji", "nezve kuderera kwemashoko", "Rega Mwari Achizeze Nemubairo") .
Hupenyu Hwako
Aida mhuri yake yekumberi, iyo yakadzokororwa kutaurwa mumabasa. Iye wakange ana navanakomana 4 nemwanasikana, asi mwanasikana wake, uye mumwe wavanakomana akafa mukufamba. Kuti vamwe vakadzikamisa mumwe wako Timokenen, muzivi akanyora chinyorwa che "nyaradzo kune mumwe mukadzi", akachengetedzwa kusvika nhasi.
Pakasvika vanakomana vacho, Plutarch akafunga kuzvimiririra anofarira kudzidziswa kwavo. Gare gare, vana vevamwe vagari vemo vaive pakati pemudzidzi wavo. Yakarwadzisa muzivi wokufunga nezvevanhu pasi rese kupfuura zvaakaita.
Rufu
Zuva chairo rerufu rweuzivi harizivikanwe, zvisinei, zvinonyatsoitika, izvi zvakaitika munguva yegumi nemaviri kusvika pamakumi maviri nemaviri. Yakafa prutarchs yechisikigo chikonzero - kubva kuchembera. Zvino zvakaitika mutaundi yokumusha kwake kwaHeroyee, asi akavigwa prutararchs muDelphi - zvinoenderana nechido.
Parizvimbo yekuvigwa kweiyo muzivi, chigadziko chakaiswa, ndedzipi vanochera matongo vakawanikwa muna 1877 panguva yekuchera. Plutarch akasara kuseri kwemirangaridzo yakanaka - maBhaibheri akawanda evakuru anotumidzwa mushure mekunge muzivi, pamwe nekukasira pane iro rinooneka remwedzi.
BHAIBHERI
- "Hupenyu Dzakaenzanisa Nzira"
- "RECALIA"
- "Kukurukurirana Kwemabiko"
- "Mibvunzo yeGreek"
- Mibvunzo yeRoma
- "Pamusoro peMamongi, Democracy uye Oligarchy"
- "Pane kupokana kweStoikov"
- "About Isvide uye Osiris"
- "Icho chokwadi chekuti mapundu haazofu mamwe mavhesi zvakare"
- "Rombo rakanaka uye nesimba Alexander the Great"
- "Mibvunzo yePlatonic"
Quotes
- "Vatengesi vanotengesa, kutanga pane vese, ivo pachavo."
- "Boltun anoda kuzviitira rudo - uye anokonzera kuvenga, anoda kuve nebasa - uye anova anoona, anoda kukonzeresa kushamisika - uye kuseka; Anotuka shamwari dzake, anoshandira vavengi vake nezvose izvi nekuda kwekufa kwake. "
- "Ndiani anotarisira kuona hutano hwavo, achigara muLena, anouya sebenzi, pamwe nemunhu anofunga chinyararire kuti avandudze inzwi rake."
- "Tinowanzo bvunza mubvunzo, kwete mumhinduro inodikanwa, asi tichitsvaga kunzwa inzwi uye kuponesa nzvimbo yemumwe munhu, kuda kumutaurisa. Ngwarira mhinduro dzevamwe, kutsvaga kutora runyerekupe rwemumwe munhu uye nekubuditsa pfungwa dzevamwe vanhu, zvakaita sekukwira kuti uzvirege kutsvoda kune munhu ane nyota yekutsvoda kwemumwe, kana kukumbirwa kuyedza kuzvikonzera kwaari. "
- "Dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva usiri kushandisa, zvinoitika kuvhara uyo anenge akanganisa pamuromo weyekunun'una; Mubairo wakadai unofanirwa kunge uri mupfupi uye kuti urege kuona kushatirisa, hapana kutsamwa, asi ita kuti zvizive kuruma zvishoma nekumwe kunyemwerera kwakazorora, uchidzosera kurohwa; Semiseve ichitsauka kubva pane chakasimba chinhu kune iye akavatumira, uye kutuka kunoita kunge kubhururuka kubva ku smart uye kuve neator back uye inowira mumutadzi. "