Biography
Kupa kune sainzi yeClaudia Ptolemy hakugone kufungidzira. Matanho emasayenzi ari mumunda wekuongorora nyeredzi, fizikiki, geographics, geography uye kunyange mimhanzi yenyika, kana isiri yakakosha, ipapo, pane zvishoma, yakapa kukuvadzwa kweizvi sainzi. Huwandu hwemabhuku akauya nanhasi nezvezvakakwaniriswa nesainzi, asi hapana ruzivo rwepamusoro.
Ptolemy akagadzira bhuku rakazara rezita paNyaya dzekare, iro rakabudiswa pasi pezita "Almgast". Iri basa resayenzi rekare rakava "Bhaibheri reyeredzi" kusvikira dzidziso yeCopernicus, iyo yakaisa kutanga kwesainzi pamusoro pemiviri yekudenga.
Latitude yesainzi yesainzi uye kudzika kwekuongororwa kwakabvumira Ptolemy kuti ave muvambi wemabhuku esainzi mumunda weGeography, Fiziki), Opiccs (Octical), etc. Dzidziso yacho yakagadzirwawo neClaudia, zvinoenderana nemiviri yekudenga inogara ichifamba uye inoshanda seyimwe mechani.
Dzidziso yenyeredzi uye pesvedzero yavo pane iyo yemhedzisiro yemunhu, inonzi nyeredzi, yakagadziriswawo Ptolemy. Akasika lefarandi nyeredzi, mairi mapoka enyeredzi anoonekwa kubva kunharaunda yeIjipiti.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ruzivo nezve biography yevaenzi chekare haina kuchengetedzwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti vakararama panguva iyoyo vanotaura nezvePtolemy mune yavo zvinyorwa. Ruzivo rwese rwunowanikwa runoswededzwa kubva mumabhuku efizikisi fizikisi, uye kubva kumabasa esainzi esainzi esaenzi yekare. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Claudia aigara munharaunda yeIjipiti yemazuva ano, muguta reAlexandria. Ruzivo rwekuonekwa kwesainzi zvakare harina kuchengetedzwa, foto chikamu chemufananidzo kubva kumabasa enhamba dzekare.
Mubhuku rinonzi "Almgagest" Ptolemy rinoratidza nguva dzekucherechedzwa nyeredzi, iro rinobatsira zvisina kukodzera masimba emazuva ehupenyu hwehunyanzvi: makore 127-151. Nekudaro, mushure mekupera kwebasa pa "Almgagest", kanokwana kuita mabhuku maviri akaonekwa, ayo ari encyclopedias, anoshanda pane mamwe makore gumi. Uye zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa zveuzivi hweOlympiododo, Kraudhiyo akashanda kuna Alexandria muguta reManezi - Suburb weAlexandria Abukir.
Kunyangwe zita resayenzi (Ptolemy) rinotaura nezvezvakatangira muEjipitori, uye ruzivo rwepamoyo rwava pamusoro pevanhu vanobva kuGreek, zita rekutanga (Clavdy) rinoratidza midzi yeRoma yemuridzi wayo. Nekuda kwekushayikwa kweruzivo rwakavimbika, simbisa nyika yeiyo sayenzi haina kugona.
Sayenzi uye Kuvhura
Basa resainzi rePtolemy rakatanga kubva kubasa riri pasi pezita rekuti "Canopic Runyoro", rwune mucherechedzo muguta reCanopy (Suburb yeAlexandria muEgypt) vazivi venyeredzi. Gare gare, stele yakaparadzwa, asi ruzivo rwakashandiswa kune rwakachengetedzwa nekuda kwemanyoro ekare echiGiriki.
Taura nhamba yeruzivo, Claudous akagadzira "matafura emusoro" - chimwe chinhu sebhuku rinonzi Anezi. Mufungo yeGeocentrisism, ruzivo urwu rwakaita seuchapupu hwekunhuwa kwepasi rekunzwisisa uye kufamba kwakamukira mamwe miviri yekudenga.
Pasati pasati pasikwa nyika, Ptolemy akashanda imwe nhamba yemabhuku esainzi, kusanganisira "Planetary hypotheses". Musiyano uripo pakati pebasa iri pane vamwe ndedzimwe paramende system inoshandiswa kutsanangura nzvimbo yezvinhu zvezviyeu. Muchirongwa ichi, izwi rekuti Aristotle "ether" rinoonekwa, iro rakarukwa kwazvo muhurukuro yePtolemy.
MuAppaligast Ptolemy, nekujeka kunoshamisa kwenguva idzodzo, chinhambwe kubva kuzuva uye mwedzi kusvika pasi zvakaverengerwa. Chikamu chekuyera muzvidzidzo izvi zvaive zvatanga zvapasi. Nekudaro, mune imwechete "Planetary hypotheses", munyori akataura kunze kwezuva pakati pezuva uye nemamwe mapuraneti, pachinzvimbo, iyo ssainzi yakashandisa mhedzisiro inotevera: Iyo radius yepasi yakaenzana kure kure nayo kubva kure Kune chinhu chinotevera chechisikwa chinoonekwa), icho chinogona kuratidza musiyano pakati pekuperetera nguva dzesainzi mabasa esainzi.
Bhuku rinotevera, maererano nevanotsvaga, raive basa re "chikamu chenyeredzi dzakagadzirirwa". Iri basa ndiko kwekutanga kuedza kuenzanisa mitezo yemamiriro ekunze, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemiviri yekudenga uye phenomena yemuviri pamusoro wepasi. Mupepa rimwe chetero, ruzivo rwezvinhu zvigunwe uye mabhandi epasi, pamwe negadziriro yekuwirirana yezvinhu zvega, zvakaderedzwa.
Kuti ugadzire dzidziso dzemhando dzekunze, Ptolemia yaida zivo yeGeometric yepasi redu. The Theorem yekuverenga radii, Arcs uye denderedzwa rakazvipira kubasa reClaudia rakanzi "Anarema". Iko kushandiswa kwakashandiswa kweruzivo urwu ndiko kugadzira iyo solar wachi, iyo yakavakirwa kwenguva refu pamberi pePtolemy zvidzidzo. Basa re "Plasferey" rakazvipira kune iyo stereographic fungidziro uye kushandiswa kwayo mukuverenga nyeredzi.
"Quadripartituum" yakava ibasa rinokosha raClaudia, sezvo rakazvipira kune zvekutanga zvekuongorora nyeredzi, kana pesvedzero yemiviri yokudenga yehupenyu hwomunhu. Asi vasere-grader "geography" mukuzivikanwa haina kuderera kune aalmgagesta. Haisi yakawanda inotsanangudza geography seyamasvomhu neiyo yekunyika yekatuni. Mundima yekutanga, musayendisiti akataura kuti pfungwa yekutaura kubva kuZero Meridian, iyo yakazoshandiswa neCanary Islands.
Kunetsana uye kukurukurirana pamusoro pemupiro wePtolemy kuSainzi kuchiri kuenderera mberi, nekuda kweizvozvo kuti Hippah kare akarondedzera zvinzvimbo zvevapanga kudenga kudenga. Iyo yekutanga yekunyepedzera kwedatha yakawana iyo nhetembo omar khayam. Uye nekuuya kwaCopernicus pane International Arena ANA, dzidziso dzekunze dzePtolemy uye dzakava dzisina basa zvachose. Uye chete Jorden JARO akatanga dzidziso yeGeocentrism kwenguva yakati, achitsigira musayendisiti wekare mune zvaanotenda. Nekudaro, munguva pfupi, munguva pfupi iri kuuya geocentric system yezvinhu zvakasikwa yakanatswa nemamwe masayendisiti.
Hupenyu Hwako
Pane imwe nzvimbo yakaroora, pamwe nekuvapo kwekusavapo kwevana muClaudia, ruzivo rwakavimbika haruna kuchengetedzwa. Asi zvinongozivikanwa kuti musayendisiti aive nevateveri nevabatsiri vakamubatsira kuti awane zvakawanda musainzi. "Bhuku rinonzi Allitronomical" raAlmgast "Ptolemy rakazvipira kuna Sira, asi hunhu hwake hahusimbe, hwaaifanira kuita sainzi uye kana maitiro ekutsvaga kwake kana kuongorora nyeredzi.
Muchibvumirano chimwe chete, iyo yemasvomhu inotaurwa, iyo data yeiyo yakashandiswa ne clowwices mukuverenga nyeredzi, asi yaive mudzidzisi wePtolemy kana kuti waunoshanda naye haazivikanwewo.
Vazhinji vevaongorori vanofunga kuti tiri kutaura nezve iyo yeiyo Smirnsky - Muzivi wePlato, uyo akadzidzawo nyeredzi nyeredzi uye akaita mepu yekutanga yehasha.
Ukama hwepamoyo hwaive kuClaudia uye nevashandi vemubhadharo wesainzi muAlexandria weEgipita, sezvo akawana kuwana mabhuku anodiwa asina kukanganiswa. Munhoroondo dzenhoroondo dzekutanga kweNguva yedu, Claudia akasungirirwa nedzinza reIjipita wePtolmeseV, asi vatsvagiri vemazuva ano vanofunga nezve kuwirirana uku.
Rufu rwePtolemy
Mamiriro ezvinhu uye zuva rekufa kwemasayendisiti, sezvinhu zvese zve biography yake, ramba wakavanzika kusvika zvino. Mafungiro eruzhinji rwevaongorori anoderedzwa kuti zuva rekufa kwaClaudia rinofanira kutariswa makore 165 enguva yedu.
Sekureva kweruzivo rwekuchengetera, panguva ino munharaunda yeAfrica neEurasia, denda rei denda, munhu anenge abatwa, angave ari Ptolemy. Asi kunyange zviuru zvitatu zvemakore mushure mekufa, musayendisiti anoramba achirarama mune zvaakanyora uye anobatsira vazukuru.
BHAIBHERI
- "Canopian Runyoro"
- "Matafura Akangwara"
- "Planetary Hypotheses"
- "Zvikamu zveNyeredzi Dzakatarwa"
- "Ongorora"
- "Plasferey"
- "Quartrointhe"
- "Geography"
- "Optics"
- "Harmonics"
- "Pane kugona kwekutongwa uye kuita sarudzo"
- "Fetus"
- "Gransity" uye "Zvinhu"