Biography
Harry Truman - Vagari VaMutungamiri wenyika yeUnited States of America (makore ehurumende kubva muna 1945 kusvika 1953), mune zvematongerwo enyika), mune zvematongerwo enyika pamberi penguva yake, asi semhedzisiro yakundikana fiasco. Nepfungwa yekufaira, hondo inotonhorera neSoviet Union yakanga isina kuburitswa, Truman yakapinda iyo nyaya seMusiki weNANO uye murwi wechibereko kuti arwe neCommunism.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mutungamiri wenguva yemberi weUnited States akaberekerwa muna Chivabvu 8, 1884 muguta reLamar (Missouri). Harry ndiye mukuru wevana vatatu veFermer uye Cottle Merchant John Anderson Truman. Mhuri yemakore akati wandei muAmerica, kusvika agadzikana mukusununguka, kwaizoenda chidiki chidiki chakaita kuchikoro. Mukomana akafadzwa kuverenga mabhuku, nhoroondo uye mimhanzi - Rose kuma5 mangwanani kuti udzidze imwe batch pane piyano.
Apedza chikoro, Harry akanyoresa mukoreji yebhizinesi, apo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, asi gore rimwe nerimwe akamanikidzwa kusiya nzvimbo yedzidzo - panguva iyoyo baba vake vakatsemuka, vaifanira kuita mari. Jaya rakakwanisa kuwana ruzivo kuchiteshi chechitima, rakarongedzwa, iro renyika rekutengesa rekutengesa, uye hondo yeNyika isati yasvika kuna baba vake uye mukoma purazi rambuya. Muhondo, akatumirwa kumutungamiriri.
Mushure mekufa kwaBaba, Truman vakatora purazi mumaoko ake, vakakuvandudza nekuunza kutenderera kwezvirimwa uye mombe huru-nyanga. Mukufanana, Harry akaedza mauto ebhizinesi - akaiswa munzvimbo yekutungamira-zinc mumigodhi eOklahoma, akaisa mari mukuvandudzwa kweminda yeoiri uye kufungidzira kweiyo yezvivakwa muKansas City. Nekudaro, zvirongwa zvebhizinesi hazvina kubudirira.
Kutanga kwebasa rezvematongerwo enyika
Nezve kubatana nezvematongerwo enyika, Truman akasarudza zvakadaro muhuduku hwake - akazvisimbisa kune vatsigiri veDemocrats. Nekuda kwekutsigirwa kwechimwe chikamu chine simba kwazvo chemaodzanyemba, pasi pehutungamiri hweTom condergast, pamwe neVeterans vehondo, muna 1922, Harry akasarudza Jackson Mutongi. Yakanga iri panzvimbo yekutonga kupfuura chinzvimbo chekutonga. Mafambiro makuru ebasa akafukidzwa zvehupfumi zvinodiwa: Kugadziriswa kwemigwagwa, kuyamwisa imba yekutarisira, makatokura kubviswa. Sachigaro wedare akatora anonyanya kukosha nyaya dzevagari.
MuDare, Truman akarwara madanho maviri emazuva ese, akasimbisa iye semukuru, uye muna 1934, zvakare, nerubatsiro rwezenji, rakasarudzwa kuSenate US Senate. Sezvo ari mutsigiri akagutsa we "New Course" of Franklin Roosevelt, akaenda kunoshanda nemusoro wake uye akatowana kugadzwa kwake kune imwe yematare. Kuzivikanwa kwakasvika kuziviswa kwekunyengera paruchina, vakapinda mugadziriro yeMutemo pakutakura uye kudzora mushumo wemhepo.
Muna 1940, truman nekunetseka, asi ichiri zvakare kusarudzwa kune iyo Seneti. Policy yakapa hutungamiri hweDare Rokuongorora kuiswa kwechirongwa cherudzi rweNational Dziviriro, kushandiswa kusingashandi kwemari yeruzhinji uye uori zvakaratidzwa pamhedziso yezvibvumirano zvechiuto. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, nyika yakataura nezve kutaura kweTruman:
"Kana tikazoona kuti Germany anohwina, saka tinofanira kubatsira Russia, uye kana kuhwina kuhwina, tinofanira kubatsira Germany, uye nokudaro, ngavada kuti vaone hitler mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu anokunda."Muna 1944, Roosevelt akagadzwa Truman neVices-President pachinzvimbo cheHenry Walleza, akasiyaniswa neLiberal Varimi pane zvakakonzera kusagutsikana nebato. Pane ichi post, Harry akadzora mabasa emauto eAmerica. Harry Truman yePost yeVicture Mutevedzeri vakatevera mazuva makumi masere nemasere. MunaApril 1945, Roosevelt asingatarisirwi akafa, uye, maererano neBumbiro reAmerica, Truman akatora hutungamiri.
SeMutungamiri
Pasinei nezvakanaka zvebasa racho, vezvematongerwo enyika hazvina kufarirwa nevanhu, izvo zvinoratidza kuongororwa kwehuwandu. Muna 1951, 23 chete muzana evaAmerican vakabvumirana nehurumende, makore maviri mushure mekubva kubva post, 31% yevagari vakapa kuongororwa kwakanaka kubasa reTruman.Nekudaro, nekutanga kweAfrica 80s, nhoroondo yakagadziridzwa, uye Mutungamiri wechiGirazi wechiGirazi weArmard Wake akakwira kuenda kunzvimbo yendarira iri mumatongi evatongi veAmerica. Akangopererwa neFranklin Roosevelt naJohn Kennedy, kunyatsoita gamba revanhu.
Trumanu akawana purazi nematambudziko akaoma: Hondo yakapera, kukakavara kwacho kwakatanga pasi pechikamu chekumabvazuva kweEurope, hukama hweSoviet Union, uye munyika mavo zvaive zvakafanira kuti vatange vamwe vatema.
Zvematongerwo enyika Zvematongerwo enyika
Bhodhi reHarry Truman rinosanganiswa nekudzora kudzikisira kudzikisira, akaedza kusiya mitemo nemirairo kupatsanurana huwandu hwevanhu. Komiti yekutarisa kwemutemo wevanhu veAfrica maAmerican - chimiro chakaona kuenzana kwevatungamiriri vese.
Trueman inotarisa zvakanyanya kune matambudziko ehupfumi uye munharaunda, achipa mitemo mitsva. Chirongwa chakakurumbira chakakurumbira chemutungamiriri akagamuchira zita rekuti "zvakanaka nzira". Muchokwadi, iyo purojekiti yaive yakawedzerwa "kosi itsva" roosevelt.
Kuwedzera munharaunda yekutsigira kwemitengo, mutengo wekutonga uye zvikwereti, kuvaka mubairo wehuwandu hwehuwandu, kusuma kwenishuwarenzi yeruzhinji, kubatsirwa nedzidzo - mune ino yematongerwo enyika yakaona kukura kwenyika.
Asi, zvinosiririsa, Harry Truman haana kuwana rutsigiro muCongress. Bill haana kurerwa, saka nevavhoti vakaodzwa mwoyo mune zvematongerwo enyika. Muna 1952, akaramba kusarudzwa kumisikidzwa kwake kune hutungamiri. Makore gumi nemashanu chete gare gare, vamwe vatungamiriri vachadzokera kumabasa etatu.
Kunze kwenyika
Mutungamiri vakapinda munhoroondo yenyika sehondo inotonhorera yehondo. Pakupera kwehukama hwechipiri pasi rose hweAmerican uye USSR yakadzora mukugovana kwekuchengetedza nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakasunungurwa. Truman yakashambadzirwa neiyo yalta roosevelt chibvumirano neStalin - vaitenda kuti mutungamiriri akarasikirwa zvakanyanya neyekupedzisira mutungamiri weSoviet.
Kuda kutyisidzira uye kuwana huremu hwakawanda mugwaro rekunze, America yakazivisa kusikwa kwechibhomba, uye kuisa pfungwa muhondo neJapan, zvombo zvakafunga kugadzirisa kuHiloshima naNagasaki. MuTandem neUK, iyo nyika dzakagadzira chirongwa kumisikidza pesvedzero yeUSSR muEurope. Saka hondo inotonhora yakatanga.
Muna 1947, Truman anoratidza dzidziso ye "kufungidzira" - zviyero zvinoverengeka zvakanangana nevasiri-kuwedzeredza kwechiKomonism. Pfungwa yekudzoka yekubatsira kwemari inotsigirwa neTurkey uye Greece.
Mutungamiriri weUS akatora chirongwa cheMarshall, icho chakadaidzira mari yemadhora muhondo yaro yehupfumi hwenyika dzeEurope, nekudaro vimbiso yeAmerica pesvedzero yaro. Uye muna 1949, NANO anozvarwa, chivharo chingadzivirira maCommunist kubva mukuwedzera.
United States kumawere makumi mana nemashanu uye mune yekutanga makumi mashanu inotsigirwa neFrance muColonial zviito muVietnam uye vakapinda muhondo muKorea. Hurukasha hwenyika yemutemo uye kutora chikamu mune kuvakwikwidzana kwakava chimwe chikonzero nei macartriots akarasikirwa nechivimbo muTruman.
Hupenyu Hwako
MuBiography yezvematongerwo enyika kwaive nenzvimbo uye hupenyu hwega. Muna 1911, mudiki truman, mushure menguva refu kudemba, akapa ruoko uye mwoyo yemusikana mumwe kubva kuzvimisikidza Elizabeth Wallace Ferman. Nekudaro, musikana akaramba kufungidzira. Harry akavimbisa kudzokera kumubvunzo paanowana mari yakawanda - ndosaka murimi achirova bhizinesi.
MunaApril 1919, Truman akaroora vasanangurwa. Wawakaroora nguva dzose akaramba ari mumumvuri webasa rezvematongerwo enyika remurume wake, akapatisirwa zvakapetwa muHupenyu hwemagariro eWashington. Kunyangwe, maererano nevatsvagiri, Harry akabvunzwa naErizabheti mune zvematongerwo enyika, kunyanya kana zvaive zvakakosha zveNyika.
Mwanasikana woMariya Margaret Truman akaberekerwa muwanano, mushure mekuroora - Margaret Truman Daniel. Mujaya hwake, musikana akauya kuzoshanda neimba yemuimbi, akatoitwa aine symphony orchestra, asi, akaroora mupepeti weNew York Times, akaviga hope.
Nekudaro, mukadzi anozivikanwa achiri - kumunda wekunyora. Peru Margaret ndeaemabhuku makumi matatu nematanhatu mune gadziriro yekuongorora, imwe neimwe ichiva mudzvanyiriri. Mwanasikana waTruman akasunungura zvakare biology yevabereki uye muunganidzwa wemamoirs kubva paudiki apedzerwa muWhite House. Mabhuku ane mufananidzo wakawanda kubva muzvinyorwa zvemhuri yeTruman. Margaret akapa baba vakakurumbira evazukuru vana vana, vakafa muna 2008.
Rufu
Rufu rwakatyisidzirwa nehunyanzvi shure muna 1950. Mukupera kwekusvitsa, vaviri vekuPuertorika vakaedza kupinda mumba, asi hazvina kuitika kuparwa kwemutungamiriri - mumwe wemutungamiriri akaberekerwa kuupenyu hwakaurayiwa, mumwe akatongerwa mutorongo.
Harry Truman akafa musi waDecember 26, 1972 muKansas City. Iye murume airarama kumakore apfuura akarohwa nemabayo. Mutungamiriri wenyika makumi matatu emachira anozorora muchivanze cheTruman Library.
Ndangariro
- American Ndege Inotakura USS "Harry S. Truman" (CVN-75)
- Mutungamiri Library-Museum yeTruman
- Chikoro cheveruzhinji sainzi Harry S. Truman
- Nyika yunivhesiti. Truman muMissouri
Mabhuku
- 1972 - "Harry S. Truman", M. Truman
- 1982 - "Bess V. Truman", M. Truman
- 1994 - "Harry S. Truman: Hupenyu", R. Ferrell
- 1998 - "Munhu Akazvimirira", D. Daniels
- 2003 - "Harry S. Truman: Hupenyu Hwake uye Nguva", B. Burns
- 2008 - "Harry S. Truman", R. Dallerek
- 2009 - "Harry Truman", muparidzi "agostini"
- 2016 - "Truman", L. Ducuva, Chernyavsky
Mafirimu
- 1947 - "Version Errd US Harry Truman"
- 1950 - "Nyika yangu ndiwe"
- 1963 - "Vanokunda"
- 1973 - "Nyika muHondo"
- 1980 - "Atomic Cafe"
- 1984 - "Kukunda"
- 1988 - Zvakare 18 "
- 1994 - "Hondo Dzedu dzezana"
- 1995 - "Truman"
- 2006 - "Mireza yababa vedu"
- 2004 - "Vatengi Votengi"
- 2008 - "Mutungamiri Wokurangarira"