Biography
Hunhu hweAlexander Bella's Bella Runyararo, nekuti raive iri renyama yekuona simbi, seanodaidza uye runhare - zvinhu izvo zvakave chikamu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva cherudzi rwezuva nezuva cherudzi rwazvino rwenharaunda yemazuva ano yenhamba yezuva nezuva.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander Graya Bell Bell yakazvarwa muguta reScotish reElinburgh musi waKurume 3, 1847, mumhuri yevatongi vephilologists. Sekuru nasekuru nesainzi yaive muvambi weChikoro cheOratory uye Munyori webhuku ra "ndima dzakanaka". Zvinokosha kuziva kuti sekuru vakatanga basa rake nemushambadzi, asi iko kusundwa kune vakanaka kwakaita kwaari.
Pakutanga, murume akaita mumitambo yemitambo, akabva azova muverengi, achinyora zvirevo kubva kumitambo yaShakespeare. Kubudirira kwakanetseka kuti akatanga kupa zvidzidzo zvemadimikira uye akavhura chikoro chake chekurongedza muLondon. Saka bhizinesi remhuri rakazvarwa, iye mutsivi weiyo aive baba vevadzidzi veAlexander Melville Bell, uyo pane imwe nguva akatoburitsa kurapa kwehunyanzvi hwekujekesa.
Mutungamiriri wenguva yemberi akararama achikura mumimhanzi uye maitiro makuru anonzwika kurira kwezwi remunhu. Pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, akatamira kuLondon, kuna sekuru vake. Uye mushure memakore matatu, mushure mekugamuchira dzidzo yekurapa uye nedzidziso muElinburgh naWürbburg, vakatotanga hupenyu hwakazvimirira, vachidzidzisa mimhanzi neOrators kuWeston Hauz Academy.
Sezvo achinyatsoongorora acoustics uye fizikiti yekutaura kwevanhu, bhero rave mubatsiri wemusoro wemhuri, uyo nenguva iyoyo akashanda munzira yekugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti amai veMusiki weHydrosapolta vaive vanonzwa kuti vakaremara uye ndimene kuti zvinhu zvese zvitsva zvakagadzirirwa kudzidza manzwi. Baba vakauya ne "kutaura kwekuona", uko kurira kwekutaura kwakanyorwa kwakanyorwa uye mifananidzo, zvichiratidza kuti panguva ino panofanirwa kunge paine kutevedzera mabhuku ekutaura (mamwe mazwi emashoko, asi kune vanhu avo handina kumbonzwa kurira).
Pashure pehama dzaAlexander dzaifa kubva kuTberculosis, mhuri muna 1870 yakatanga kutanga kuCanada, uyezve kuAmerica. Ikoko vakaramba vachishanda nevanhu uye kurira. Basa muBoston rakaenda zvakabudirira. Bhagi bhero rakavhura chikoro chake muguta, maakadzidzisa zvekutanga zvemhando yemhuri yevamwe vadzidzisi.
Achangoita Alexander Greeiam ane mari yakawanda, musayendisiti akadzokera kunzvimbo yekuedza pakutamiswa kwemavhoti pane waya, ayo akafarira England. Bhero rakagadzira rabhoritari diki raiedza husiku, munguva yake yemahara.
Pakati pemawadhi, kwaive nekunzwa, pakanga paine mudzimai wemunguva yemberi - Mabe, mwanasikana wemabhizinesi Gardner, uye mwanakomana wemakore mashanu emutengesi weganda anonzi Thomas Sanders.
Zvigadzirwa uye sainzi
Muna 1876, kuNyika Science Resentiition muPhiladelphia Bell yakapa kugadzirwa kwake kutsva pasi pezita "foni". Musi waKurume 7 wegore rimwe chetero, Alexander akagamuchira patent yekugadzirwa kwake. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti pakuratidzira, vamiriri venharaunda yesainzi vanonzi foni ine chinhu chisina basa.
Bell kuti gadzirire nezvikwereti, akagadzirira kutengesa kugadzirwa kwemadhora zviuru zana. Western Union kambani, asi vamiriri vekuMadokero mubatanidzwa havana kufunga nezvekutenga kwakanaka. Gare gare, hutungamiri hweWU hwaiziva kuti akange anganisa uye akapa kushandira pamwe kwesainzi.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti pamatanho ekutanga, runhare rwaisave rwakakwana - chishandiso chakasiyaniswa nezwi, uye zvaigoneka kutaura nazvo chete chiri kure nemamita mazana maviri nemashanu. Naizvozvo, muvambi akapfuurira kugara achivandudza mudziyo. MunaFebruary 1880, bhero, pamwe chete nemubatsiri, akagadzira mudziyo wacho anonzi mufananidzo wakagadzirirwa kuendesa kurira kusvika kure nechiedza.
Muna 1881, musayendisiti akavandudza iyo simbi yekuona yakagadzirwa muCentur Century yakagadzirwa muXix Century yekutsvaga Rudonic akararama. Kutaridzika kweiyo simbi yekuona kwakakurudzirwa nezviitiko zvinosiririsa. Muna 1901, bhero rakagadzira iyo piramidhi iyo nyoka yemhepo. Yaive nemativi mana matatu matatu. Chishandiso ichi chaive chakareruka, chakasimba uye chakasimba. Maererano nemamwe mishumo, aigona kusimudza mumhepo yemunhu.
Pamwe chete nemudzimai wake bhero muna 1907 vakagadzira "kusonganirana kwekuedza aeronautics". Muna 1909, ndege inonzi "sirivha dart" yakavakwa. Iyo yekutanga ndege ndege yakagadzirwa musi waFebruary 23, 1909. Zuva iri rinoonekwa sezuva rekuzvarwa kwekuti mujairi wekuCanada.
Muna 1919, chikepe cheHD-4 chakavakwa zvichienderana nezvidzidzo zveMasaini, izvo zvakaisa chinyorwa chitsva chekumhanya. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti iyi yekushambadzira mapapiro emvura iri pasi pemvura yakagadzira kumhanya kwemakiromita kusvika gumi nematatu paawa.
Bhizinesi
Pakupera kwa 1879, Western Union yakagumisa chibvumirano nemavhesi emavara. Saka kambani yakasanganiswa "bhero kambani" yakaonekwa, chikamu chikuru chemagove iya yaAlexander. Izvo zvinozivikanwa zvakavimbika kuti mutengo weimwe chikamu chekambani yaive madhora zviuru zviviri. Iri sangano rakaisa kutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwefoni uye nekubuda kwemakambani etsvafoni. Patova nemamiriyoni 1900, 1.5 miriyoni yakaiswa muUnited States, uye mumakore maviri - mamirioni 13.
Bhero akatarisa mune ramangwana uye kugadzirira mapuranga matsva akapa rutsigiro rwemari kune vadiki vadiki. Zvakare, na1900, vanopfuura maviri nehafu zviuru zvevatasande vezvigadzirwa zvine chekuita nefoni kubva kuTelephony vakapihwa. Bhero remari rakagashirwa kubva pane zvigadzirwa zvakavhurwa neInstitute for the Fiztain Fizedsi Alessandro Volta.
Haana kukanganwa bhero uye nezve pachena pachena. Pamusoro pebasa resainzi, nhamba yesainzi yakaitwa muparati uye yaive yechokwadi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Alexander akatora chikamu mukusikwa kwenharaunda yenyika uye yakatanga magazini yeNyika "National Geographic", inobudiswa uye ikozvino.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, Alexander Greyam akagamuchira kuzivikanwa pasi rose, uye kambani yake yaive uye yakasara nanhasi mutungamiri wenyika muutungamiri wenhamba, komputa uye magetsi masisitimu. Masayenzi akati aiti zuva raizouya apo munhu aigona kuona mufananidzo pafoni waanoti, uye zuva iro rasvika.
Bloss-based kambani ichiri ichiramba ichokwadi kune wayo muvambi. Tekinoroji inogadzira, senge c ++ programming mutauro, iyo yekutanga prottypes yemashini yeDNA uye mepu yenzvimbo yenzvimbo yerima - zvese izvi zvakasikwa mumarabhorosi yesainzi yenzvimbo yacho.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mazhinji emapepa esainzi uye zvigadzirwa zveBella zvainge zvazvipira ku kuvandudza kwekutaurirana. Zvinozivikanwawo kuti kwemakore akati wandei, masayendisiti akaverenga hurukuro uye kuita vadzidzi vemazuo uye-uye---uye---uye----uye----uye----uye-uye----uye----uye----uye----uye-uye----uye----uye------adzikisi. Kutenda kumakirasi aya, genius yesainzi uye akasangana nemukadzi wekutanga uye chete wemabbard.
Vakasangana apo mukuru weMusiki weMusiki weMusiki asina kutendeuka ane makore gumi nemashanu. Pazuva ramakore regumi nemasere emudiwa, okusangana kwavo kwakaitika. Kubva ipapo, iri zuva rave zororo rakakosha revadi. Pashure pegore nehafu, bhero rakateedzera mari yakakwana uye yakagutsa vabereki vaMabe kuti mamiriro ake emari anomutendera kuti agovere mwanasikana wavo uye nevana vavo ramangwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, baba naamai Hubbart vakapa mvumo kumuchato, uye Mabole naAlexander vakava murume wake nemukadzi wake.
Mumatauri emba naamai, musikana wacho aigara akanyora kuti mazuva ese anoziva Bella aine imwe nyowani yaive neyakajairika. Zvimbo-zvidiki zvidiki zvakapa mukadzi kuti anzwisise kuti akaita sarudzo yakanaka uye iye zvino padivi pake anogona kuvimbwa naye.
Rudo rusingaperi Hubart rwakatsanangurwa kuburikidza nechikafu, saka hazvishamise kuti mumakore mashoma mushure memuchato, uremu hwesainzi hwakasvika mucherechedzo we100 kg (40 Kg kupfuura waayera nguva isati yaroora).
Mushure memuchato, izvo zvakaitika muna 1877, vachangobva kuchangobva kuchata zvakaita muchero mudhorobha reNiagara Falls, iri mune yekumaodzanyemba chikamu cheOntario Province (Canada). Bell kazhinji ichisiya pane bhizinesi nzendo. Munguva yekuparadzaniswa, musayendisiti akarota mukadzi wake uye, kuti arege kutambudza mweya, ndakafunga kuenda neni nemachira mumazhizha ese.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti chikonzero chega chekungoitika kwemhuri yeBellov ndiyo tsika yeAlexander kuti ishande chete husiku chete. Zuva rekushanda resayenzi rakapera na4 mangwanani, uye kusvika panguva iyoyo, Hubburt akatambudza murume wake akaungana, nekuti aisakwanisa kurara asina kuvapo pamberi pake pedyo.
Kakati wandei, Alexander akaedza kuchinja maitiro ezuva rekushanda kuti afadze mukadzi wake, asi izvi hazvina kubudirira. Kwemakore ehupenyu hwekuroora, akasarudzwa murume wake ane vanasikana vaviri nevanakomana vaviri, asi vakomana vaviri vakafa vachiri vadiki. Rufu rwavo rwaive rwakarova zvikuru kuti varoorani, asi Mabhe akarapwa kweuzivi uhwu, achiti, "Vachava varipo naye nekusingaperi zvachose, mune ake ndangariro.
Mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi wake airarama pamwe makore makumi mana emhuri inofara.
Rufu
Bell kwemakore akati wandei akatambura nechirwere chakakomba uye kwenguva yakareba akasungwa pamubhedha. Pazuva rerufu, muzvinabhizinesi akauya kwaari chete kwemaminetsi mashoma. Ipapo Alexander akaona waiti waidikanwa naMaberi vakagara pamubhedha wake, vakamunyengera. Mukadzi akabvunza kuseka kuseka kusamunudza, asi hazvina kutevera mhinduro kubva kuMusiki wefoni. Murume akanyudza zvishoma ruoko rwewayo ndokuvhara maziso ake nekusingaperi.
Mharidzo yakakurumbira yakafa musi waLugust 2, 1922 (makore 75 yekare), mune yake estate mudunhu reScotland nyowani, iri kumabvazuva kweCanada. Zvinozivikanwa zvakavimbika kuti musi waNyamavhuvhu 4, 1922, mafoni ese akaderedzwa kweminiti. Saka nyika yakapa kukudzwa kwekupedzisira kumunhu akapa vanhu mukana wekutaurirana, kunyangwe kureba.
Zita resayesayenzi racho risingazivikanwe muzvigadzirwa zvaro uye zvinyorwa, izvo zvakavakirwa pane chokwadi chehupenyu hwehungwaru. Vashoma vanhu vanoziva, asi muna 2002 iyo US Congress yakabvuma kuti foni haina kuuya neBell, asi Italyan Antonio Meucci. Mumwe murume akagadzira chigadzirwa kwemakore akati wandei Alexander, asi haana kugamuchira patent uye akafa muurombo. Mushure meiyi nhau, nharaunda yesainzi yesainzi yakatanga kutenda kuti bhero racho rakangoda mukana wekutadza uye nekuiisa kuti azvipe.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Mugadziri wefoni foni Alexander Bell inofungidzirwa sekukwazisa kwerunhare kuti ishandise izwi rekuti "ahoy" kubva kune vabati vechikepe vechiGerman. Gare gare, Thomas Edison akapa imwe tsika "Mhoro", iyo yakapinda muRussia, yakashandurwa kuti ive "Mhoro!".
- Alexander Bell, kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvemidziyo yekutsva, akaedza kudzidzisa imbwa yake kutaura.
- Kuva munhu anonamata zvakanyanya, Alexander Grayaim Bell aitenda nemwoyo wose kuti kugadzirwa kwake - foni - ichabatsira kutaurirana nemweya yevakafa.
- Mugadziri wefoni haasati akambotumidza amai vake nemukadzi wake: Vese vaive matsi.
Zvigadzirwa
- 1858 - muchina wezviyo
- 1874 - Frontavogram
- 1876 - foni
- 1879 - Audiometer
- 1880 - Photophone
- 1881 - Metal Detector, Vacuum Pump
- 1901 - Piramidal Aerial Nyoka
- 1909 - Ndege "sirivha Dart"
- 1919 - Chikepe pamapapiro epasi pemvura HD-4