Biography
Stefan Counegu - Austrian munyori, munyori wezvechokwadi "maawa makumi maviri nemana kubva kuupenyu hwemukadzi" uye "tsamba yevatorwa". Muridzi wefekitori yemifananidzo muVienna morazza mwezinesi munaNovember 1881 akaberekerwa mugari wenhaka kuti anzi stefan. Mai vanonzi Ida Brettauer vaiita dzidzo yemwana. Mukadzi akauya achibva kumhuri yebhangi. Nguva yehudiki haina kudzidza neBiographs Stephen Collega.
Munyori wemabhuku uye nhetembo vakapokana kuti ndangariro dzevana dzinofanira kugoverwa, kwete. Makore ana Stefano akaitwa nenzira imwechete nezvevamwe vana vanozvarwa mumhuri dzeEuropean njere. Pazera ramakore rechi 19, murume wacho akagamuchira diploma yekupera kweiyo Gymnasium.
Mushure meizvozvo, mune biography yemubatiri, chikamu chitsva chehupenyu hwauya. Jaya rine tarenda rakanga riri kuYunivhesiti yeVienna. Uzivi hwakatapwa Stefani, saka munyori mushure memakore mana ekudzidza akawana dhigirii yekutarisira.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kufambidzana kwechidiki kunoisa muunganidzwa wenhetembo, iyo inonzi "tambo dzesirivheri". Simba racho pabasa reStefan Collga panguva ino yakapihwa neHugo Background Hoffmantal uye Rainer Maria Rilke. Neheti reiet, Stefan aive nemakwenzi ane hushamwari. Varume vakatsinhanha zvirevo zvavo uye vakanyora ongororo pabasa.
Kudzidza kuYunivhesiti yeVienna kwakauya kumagumo, rwendo rwakanaka rwaStefano rakatanga. Kwemakore gumi nematatu, munyori we "tsamba dzevutorwa" akashanyira London naParis, Italy neSpain, iyo Cuba, India nePanama neSwitzerland. Mudetembi wechidiki akasarudza salzburg zvachose pekugara.
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kuVienna University, Collga akaenda kuLondon uye Paris (1905), akabva afamba muItari neSpain (1906), Indochytay, USA, PANA, Panama (1912). Makore ekupedzisira eHondo Yenyika Yekutanga akagara muSwitzerland (1917-1918), uye mushure mekunge hondo yagara pedyo neSalzburg.
Mabhuku
Mushure mekutamira kuSalzburg Stefan Collga takagara pakugadzwa kweNovella inonzi "tsamba yemutorwa". Iri basa rakafadza vaverengi uye vatsoropodzi yenguva iyoyo. Iye munyori anotaurira nyaya inoshamisa yemutorwa uye munyori. Musikana akatumira tsamba maAkaudza nezverudo rwevose-runotadza uye rwiyo rwekupedzisira, zvipingamupinyi zvematanho ezvinyorwa zvikuru.
Musangano wekutanga wemunyori uye mutorwa wakaitika musikana payakanga aine makore gumi nematatu. Nyanzvi yakagara musuwo unotevera. Nenguva isipi kutamiswa kwakaitika, nekuda kwekuti musikana achiri kuyaruka aifanira kutambudzika mukuduremekedzwa, asingaone mudiwa. Kudzokera kwenguva refu kuenda kuVienta kwakabvumidza mutorwa kuti vasiye munyika yerudo.
Kamwe kamwe, mukadzi anodzidza nezve nhumbu, asi mwana haazivikanwe nezvechiitiko ichi chakakosha. Mumwe musangano nemudiwa akaitika mushure memakore 11, asi munyori haana kuziva iye ega, bhuku raigara mairi mazuva matatu. Mutorwa akafunga kunyora tsamba kumurume wega, nezve izvo amai vacho vaifunga hupenyu hwake hwese, mushure mekufa kwemwana. Nyaya yemoyo yemoyo, iyo inotakura, yemweya wevanhu vakanyanya kupfeka, yaive yakavakirwa mufirimu.
Collo ane hunyanzvi hunoshamisa, iro rinoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Asi iyo yepamusoro yebasa racho rakauya kuchitsva che "Amok", "kuvhiringidzika kwemanzwiro", "Bhukinist", "Bulinist Obl". . Chii chiri mumashoko nemitsara yemunyori zvakadai kuti zviuru zvevanhu muhondo dzisati dzasvika pamwe neyemafaro leafy yeTomiki nemabasa eCWEIG?
Zvese, pasina musiyano, akatenda kuti kusaziva kwezvirongwa zvinoita kuti zviitike kuti zviitike, kufunga nezve izvo zvaiitika, pamusoro peizvo rudzi rwekusarongeka rwakaita kuti vanhuwo zvavo. Stefan akatenda kuti moyo wemunhu haugone kudzivirirwa, asi zvakakwanisa kugadzira iyo fora.
Svelig manels akasiyana nemabasa evarindi. Kwemakore mazhinji Stefan akashanda pane yake yemhando yebasa. Sehwaro, munyori akafamba rwendo, iyo yakava inonetesa, saka mutambo, saka une ngozi.
Zviitiko nemagamba eCelia hazvina kuitika munzira, asi panguva yekumira. Sekureva kwaStephen, mazuva nemwedzi hazvidiwe kwenguva yemazuva ano, maminetsi mashoma kana maawa.
Kuti ndinyorere zvinyorwa, tsweig yakanga isina kufarira, nekuti ini handina kunzwisisa rudzi uye handina kukwanisa kukwana muchiitiko mune spatial narration. Asi pakati pemabasa emunyori mune mabhuku anoitwa mune ino chimiro. Uku ndiko "kusashivirira kwemoyo" uye "kupukuta". Chinhu chekupedzisira icho munyori haana kupedza nekuda kwekufa. Kekutanga nguva ichi chisikwa chakaonekwa muna1982, uye nekuendeswa kuRussia chete muna 1985.
Nguva nenguva Stefan Collega akasarudza kupa zvese zvakasikwa zvezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvezvikwata zvevakadzi uye nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare. Pakati pavo, Joseph Fushe, Maria Stewart, Fernan Magellan, Erasmus Rotterdam. Aya mabasa aifarira zvekuverenga, seanoda kuverenga zvakarongwa, asi dzimwe nguva munyori aifanira kusanganisira kufunga kwekufungidzira uye kwepfungwa.
Mubasa rakanzi "Kukunda neDambudziko reErasmus Rotterdam" Munyori airatidza manzwiro ake uye manzwiro ake ari pedyo ne "ini". Iye munyori akafarira chinzvimbo cheErasmus nezve mugari wenyika. Vesayenzi yakarondedzerwa vaifarira kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika. Iye murume aive mutorwa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzimwe rombo. Rotterdamsk haina kuda kufanana nehupenyu hwenyika. Chinangwa chikuru chehupenyu hwevanhu vesayenzi chakazove rusununguko.
Stefan Tsweig akaratidza erasmus semuti wekusaziva uye fanatics. Mumiriri weRenaissance akapokana nemuvengi weRaa Burners pakati pevanhu. Europe yashanduka kuita ropa reropa rekusarudzika kumashure kweiyo inowedzera interethnic uye interclasses. Asi Collga akasarudza kuratidza zviitiko kune rumwe rutivi.
Pfungwa yaStefani yakapihwa nepfungwa yekuti Erasmus akanzwa dambudziko remukati nekuda kwekusakwanisa kudzivirira izvo zvaiitika zvaiitika. Collegu akatsigira Rotterdam uye akatenda kuti hondo yenyika yekutanga yaingova kusanzwisisana izvo zvisingazoitike zvakare. Stephen naHenri Barbus naRomea Rolln vakaedza kuita izvi, asi vakatadza kuponesa nyika kubva kuhondo. Munguva yekusikwa kwebhuku pamusoro peErasomson muImba yemunyori, kutsvaga kwakaitwa, kuchiteverwa nevakuru veGerman.
Nezvebhuku racho kuti "Maria Stewart", rakanyorwa muna 1935, Stefan akataura sechiitiko biology. Collaga akanyorwa nevazhinji mavara akanyorwa naMaria Stewart kune iyo English Mambokadzi. Ruvengo kure kure - saka iwe unogona kutsanangura hukama hwevanhu vaviri vekorona.
Novel "maawa makumi maviri nemana kubva kuupenyu hwemukadzi" akaonekwa muna 1927. Makore mana gare gare, bhuku raive Director Director Robert Land. Vafiresi vemazuva ano vakatanga nzou uye vakaratidza kwavo sarudzo. Iyo firimu nyowani yakaburitswa pane zvikwangwani muna 2002.
Stefan Celieg akasangana mabhuku eRussia mumitambo yekurovedza muviri. Munyori akawira murudo pakutanga kutarisa mumabasa ezvinyorwa. Iyo huru kubudirira nemunyori wezvebhuku uye Romanov anotarisa shanduro yeiyo kuumbwa kwezvakanyorwa muRussia.
Maxim Gorky akafunga kuti Collga kuti ave muimbi wekirasi yekutanga, pakati pematarenda ayo pane chipo chevanofunga. Iye munyori weRussia akataura kuti Stefan aigona kuendesa gamut yese yezviitiko zvemunhuwo zvake.
Kekutanga, tsweig akashanyirwa neSoviet Union muna 1928. Iko kushanya kwakabatana nemhemberero yemakore zana kubvira pakuzvarwa kweLeo tolstoy. Stefan akasangana Vladimir Lidin uye Konstantin Fedin. Munguva pfupi, mafungiro eCweig nezve soviet Union yakachinja. Iko kusagutsikana kwakaratidza munyori romeana rollan. Muvambi weNovel akafananidza iyo raster veterans yekuchinja kwemanyowa anopenga. Sekureva kwaStefano, kukwikwidza kwakadaro nevanhu hakubvumirwi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mudzimai wekutanga Stephan Collega akava Fritrik Maria von Winternitz. Muchato wevechidiki wakaitika muna 1920.
Pashure pemakore gumi nemasere, muchato Friedrik uye Stephen akapa kurambana. Chitambi chitsva chakaonekwa mumunyori wepasipoti chitsva chitsva pamhedziso yemubatanidzwa neakavanzika muchinda Charlotte Altman.
Rufu
Shure muna 1934, Collga anomanikidzwa kusiya austria nekuda kwekusvika kwaHitler. New imba Stefan yave yakashongedzerwa muLondon. Mushure memakore matanhatu, nyanzvi nemukadzi wake vakaenda kuNew York. Kwenguva yakareba yekumira muguta rezviputi, munyori haana kuronga. Vechidiki vakaenda kuPetropolis, iyo iri munzvimbo yepasi peRio de Janeiro.Hupenyu kure nemusha uye kushaya rugare pasi rose pasi rese zvakanyimwa Stephen Chocka kusvika kuora mwoyo. Kuodzwa mwoyo kwakaita kuti munyori kuzviuraya. Nemukadzi wake, iye munyori weNopedhi akatora dosi rinouraya remishonga. Vakaroora vakawana vakafa. Vaibata maoko.
Gare gare mumba, kwaifa kwaStephen Tsweig aive akarongeka, akaronga museum. Uye muAustria nezana remakore-ekuzvarwa, chitambi chemagedhi chakaonekwa mukukudza kwemunyori.
Quotes
Hakuna chinhu chinotyisa kupfuura kusurukirwa pakati pevanhu. Anonzwa zvazvinoreva uye chinangwa chehupenyu hwake, asi kana chichionekwa kuti zvinodikanwa kune vamwe. Mwoyo unogona kukanganwa zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza, kana achida kukanganwa. Kana isu tese taiziva zvese zvavanotaura pamusoro pedu tese, hapana munhu aizozvitaura nemunhu. Iye aimbowana iye, haagoni kurasikirwa nechinhu chero ichi chiedza. Uye ndiani paakambonzwisisa munhu mukati mavo, anonzwisisa vanhu vese.BHAIBHERI
- 1901 - "Tambo Isirava"
- 1911 - "Hondo"
- 1912 - "Imba pagungwa"
- 1919 - "Vatenzi vatatu: Dickens, Balzac, Dostoevsky"
- 1922 - "Amok"
- 1922 - "Tsamba yeMutorwa"
- 1926 - "Kuunganidzwa Kwisingaoneki"
- 1927 - "Maawa makumi maviri nemana kubva kuupenyu hwemukadzi"
- 1942 - "Chess Novel"