Biography
Inessa Fedorovna Armand mutadzi, iyo shanduko uye grader of lenin - yakapinda iyo nyaya nekuda kwekuswededzwa kusvika kune mutungamiri wenyika yeWorld. Vamwe vanoti - pamweya, vamwe vanofunga nezvehukama hwerudo rwehukama hweFrenchwomen uye kremlin vanoti vlalerNguva dzakati "kukanda mumvuri" pavatungamiriri vechiKomonisci mukufungidzirwa mukuvapo kwavo kwekusasimba kwevanhu, kunyanya otherra, yakamhanyiswa mubhururuka. Mushure mekudonha kwerudo taboos, zvakazozivikanwa kuti vatungamiriri vanhuwo paropa nenyama. Uye kunyange iyo miromo yaaichengetwa munzvimbo yeHunyer muhofisi imwe neimwe yeSoviet Institution, ndakanga ndangoita kuti mukadzi ave nemukadzi ane "nzvimbo yekugadzira" Inessa armand.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Elizabeth peshe d'erballville - Ramangwana shamwari Ilyich - Akazvarwa muParis, mumhuri yebhaibheri. Baba - Vakakurumbira Opera Tenor Theodore D'Erbenville, uyo akapindura kuDede zita Theodor Stephen. Amai - mutambi uye basa, uye gare gare mudzidzisi wekuimba watalie musango. Baba veFrance neropa uye neAnglo-French kubva kumadzitateguru pamwe naamai vaamai vaiyambuka muCores of Lit Little Liz.
Mumakore mashanu, Erizabheti nevanun'una vake vaviri vakasara vasina baba: Theodore akafa kamwe kamwe. Outview natalie akasara arege kuve mauto kuti ave nevana vatatu. Tete, aishanda sehundi mumhepo yakapfuma muRussia vakapindura. Vaviri vachiri kuyaruka vechidiki - Elizabeth uye Rene - mukadzi akatora kuMoscow.
Muboka rekutengesa kwevaindishandirwi ev.V.VANYENGETA imba yekutengesa "Eugene Armand nevanakomana", vadzidzi vechidiki kubva kuParis vakagamuchira. Liz nehanzvadzi yaigara mumba yakapfuma: Iyo Armand mhuri yaive neiri fekitari yechokwadi muPushkin, avo vashandi 1200 vakashanda.
Sezvo tariro yaKripskaya yakazonyora, Inessa yakaunzwa "mumweya weChirungu" uye kubva kumusikana uyu aifanira "kuzivikanwa kukuru." ChiGerman, Chirungu uye Russian Mitauro, D'Erbalville yakawedzerwa German. Erizabheti akadzidza kutamba piyano, achidzika kuzadzisa mabhati eLudwig eBeethoven. Gare gare, kugona kweiyo mhondi kwaive kwakabatsira: Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzemurume weLenin, Vladimir Ilyich anogara achibvunza AMAND kuti utambe.
Shanduko
Vakanaka-French-French vanhu vaifarira iyo Armands iyo hanzvadzi dzainge dzave nemanakomana pakusvika makore gumi nemasere. Saka Parisian d'erbalville yakaiswa ruoko, yakazotorwa zita rezita reSessa.
Iyo yekuchinja Biography yeSesesa Armand yakatanga muEligino, pedyo neMoscow, uko maindasitiri akagadziriswa maindasitiri. Mukadzi wechidiki akashongedza chikoro chevarapi vevarimi uye akazova nhengo yeiyo feminist "nzanga yekuvandudza mugumo wevakadzi", kufinha nenyaya dzinonyadzisa - chipfambi.
Pazera ramakore makumi maviri nematatu, kuripo kwakananga kubazi reMoscow rakananga pabazi reMoscow rekambani, asi mvumo yezviitiko zvemukadzi akabatanidzwa mune zvezvemagariro haana kupa simba. Makore matatu izvi zvisati zvaitika, mapurisa akasunga vadzidzisi veimba yeArmandov - Boris Kramer: akagovera mabhuku asiri pamutemo. Inessa anonzwira tsitsi nemumwe waunoshanda naye.
Muna 1902, ANESSA Armand, inonakidza nepfungwa dzekuenzana munharaunda, akakwidza nyaya yeVladimir, munun'una wechidiki wemumwe mukadzi. Armand Jr. Anonzwira tsitsi Nziyo dzevhifiketi dzakapinda mufashoni uye dzakabvumirana nechikumbiro cheNesessa kugadzirisa hupenyu hwevanhu vezviripo Eltigino. Akasvika mu generic estate uye akachengeta kutaridzika kwechipatara, Svondo chikoro uye kuverenga chipatara, uko kwaIsaesa kwakamubatsira.
Vladimir akapa bhuku mubhuku riri pakuvandudzwa kweBurasism muRussia, munyori weiyo akataurwa naVladimir ilyin (lenin's pseudomonym). Armand yakakonzera kufarira kupisa kweItessa nenyaya yemunyori asinganzwisisike, yakateverwa nekuchengetedzeka kwehumambo uye kuvanda vateveri muEurope.
Saka mukadzi wacho akatanga kujairana nemutungamiri wenguva yemberi weProletariat - Vladimir Ulyanov. Armand pachikumbiro cheSessa akawana kero yepasi pevhu revhu, uye iyo FrenchWoman yakanyora munyori webhuku racho senge tsamba yekushingairira. Kunyorerana kwakundikana.
Ruoko rwacho ruchapona kubva kumhuri, nemusoro wake, uyo akaenda kunyika yeanomuka mazano uye dzidziso dzezvemagariro, dzakatamiswa naVladimir to Moscow. Vaviri vacho vakagara pane oozen. MuMoscow, mauto aigadzirira kakawanda, akatsamwiswa nekuparadzwa kwamambo, manheru aivaswa pamisangano yepasi pevhu. Muna 1904, ruoko rwacho rwakava nhengo yeRSDLP. Uye mushure memakore matatu, Inessa akasungwa ndokutumirwa kuChinzvimbo kuguta reGenen Arkhangelsk Province.
Mumwe muridzi anopenya aine simbi uye asingawanzo kugona kugonesa, mauri armand akashanda neshamwari nevatengesi vejeri. Kwemwedzi nehafu usati watumira kune meadow, iyo shanduko yaigara mumba mevasheya uye yakanyorwazve neLenin, ichinongedzera kero iyi yepositi. Uye muna Gumiguru 1908, mukadzi, anoendesa pasipoti yenhema, akatizira kuSwitzerland. Vladimir armand, akabatana nemudiwa wake, akafira mumaoko ake kubva kuTbryuzi, akawedzera kuSiberia.
MuBrussels, Ansa Armand akava mudzidzi weyunivhesiti. Sezvo akadarika kosi yehupfumi, mukadzi wechidiki akaita kuti unonzwisisike. Ruzivo nezve munhu waunozivana naUlyanov zvichasiyanisa: Vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika munyori wenhoroondo vanoomerera pamusangano muBrussels, vamwe vanopokana kuti vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana nemaParis muna 1909.
Imba yeUlyanany Inessa, Armand Yakava Yakakosha: Domesticizer, muturikiri, munyori - munguva pfupi - munguva pfupi akadaro akatanga kuve ruoko rwerudyi rwe lenin. Mukadzi akashandurira zvinyorwa zveUlyanov, akakwirisa vashandi veFrench, vakagadzirira varidzi.
Muna 1912, mukadzi wechikadzi akanyora chinyorwa "pamubvunzo wevakadzi", kwaakakurudzira kusunungurwa kubva muchato. Mugore rimwe chetero, muSt. Petersburg, uko murazvo wacho unochinja wakadzokera kuzosimbisa basa remasero, akasungwa. Alexander Armand akabatsira, aimbova murume. Akaita huru dhipoziti yekuvhenekera uye akakumbira ex-mukadzi kuti adzokere kumhuri. Asi ruoko rwacho rwakapukunyuka kuFinland, uye kubva ipapo kuenda kuParis, kuna LenIn.
Muchirimo cha1917, chitima chakasvika muRussia. Munyika yeTagon Coupe nechisimbiso munyika, Ulyanov, krupskaya neAmuand wapinda munyika. Inessa akava nhengo yeDare redunhu muMoscow, vakatora chikamu mumachira aGumiguru muna Gumiguru-Mbudzi, akabva aenda kunotora dunhu rowvvarhoz.
Gore rinotevera, mauri armand, akatumirwa naUlyanany kuFrance kune kuendesa kuCranpent yezviuru zvevarwi veRussia emarwi expedity, akasungwa. Asi zviremera zvaifanira kurega mumwe munhu nekuda kwekutyisidzira kweUlyanov kuti vapfure basa reFrance yeRed Cross muMoscow.
Muna 1919-1920, muRussia FrenchWoman musoro akananga kuDhipatimendi reKomiti yeCentrae yePati. Inessa Armand akava murongi wemusangano wepamwedzi wepasi rose wechiKomonist, haana kunyora zvinyorwa gumi nemaviri umo izvo zvinyoronyoro zvechinyakare zvekare.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 19, kusaziva kwechiFrench kwakava mukadzi wemugari wepfuma kuumambo hwekunyora weAlexander Armand. Mitauro yakaipa yakatemerwa kuti musikana uyu akaroora mupfumi, achirovera chakavanzika chake chinonyadzisa: Erizabheti akawana tsamba dzemukadzi akaroora kubva kuAlexander.
Kunyanya kuitika, izvi zvakaipa zvinofamba - Alexander, uyo wemakore 9 ekumajaho wakabereka vana vana, akada mumwe wake. Asi akasarudza murume weBunny uye ane mutsa wemunun'una Wladimir, akaparadzanisa maonero ake.
Vakaroorana vanoshanda zviri pamutemo havana kuparadzana, asi munaSesa akazvara mwanakomana weVladimir, akazova mwana wake wechishanu. Rufu rwemudiwa wake rwakapona nekuda kwekuchiva kwebasa rekuchinja.
Musangano naVladimir Ulyanov, zvifananidzo zvechidiki vechidiki vechidiki, vakatendeudza hupenyu hwevanhu vehumhizha. Munyori wenhoroondo Jorees Trofimov akaramba Lenin novel nemumwe wake, achiti rudo rwemukadzi ari muCharmatic partyegios akasara asina kutaurwa. Asi cancleclecolcolcolcle concernce inobvumikisa: Anessa Armand aive mukadzi anodikanwa weLenin. Akabudiswa mavara, kunyangwe aine mabhiri uye zvipfupi, kutaura nezverudo.
Muna 1939, mushure mekufa kwetariro yeKripskaya, iyo tsamba yaUlyanov mama yakaenda kuChidziviso yeMwanasikana waZanessa - Inna Almand. Izvo zvakazoitika kuti chero munhu Lenin akanyora zvakanyanya seshamwari.
Muna2002, vezvenhau vakaonekwa kubvunzurudzwa naAlexander Steffen, vakazvarwa muna 1913 ndokuzviti iye Mwanakomana waVladimir Ulyanov uye naArtanov uye Staud. Zvinyorwa zveGerman zvinokonzeresa kuti mwedzi minomwe mushure mekuzvarwa, Vladimir Ulyanov akamisikidza kumhuri yevasina kubatana shamwari.
Kuguma kwemunhu wechiFrenchWoman uye hukama hwake nemutungamiriri weProletariari kwenguva yakareba akanyarara, asi mune makumi maviri muzana erudo rerudo rwakava pachena. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nezvazvo mumafirimu "wechitanhatu July", "Lenin muParis", "madhimoni angu ese" uye "Madhimoni", apo VICTOMASHI.
Rufu
Stormy zviitiko pamapundu ekuchinja kwakanyanya zvakakanganisa hutano hwemukadzi asina kusimba. Inessa anochengetwa netsoka dzake, vanachiremba vakafungidzira kuti tubrasis. Mukadzi ane makore 46 okukura aida kuenda kumba, kuApartariari Paris D., asi Ulylyanov Akanyengerera kuenda kuKislovodsk.
Pachiteshi cheBweta, munzira kuenda kuKislovodsk, mukadzi akatapukirwa nekorera uye akafa muNalchik muNalchik. Bhokisi rine mutumbi kuchiteshi cheKazan rakasangana neLenin. Ini ndakavigwa neiyo Inesia Starn pana Gumiguru 12, 1920 paRed Square, mune iyo necropolis kumadziro eKremlin. Nguva pfupi mushure mekufa kweshamwari iyi, Ilyich aive nechokutanga kurohwa. Alexandra Kollondtai akanyora:
"Rufu rwaIsesi rwakawedzera rufu rwaLenin. Iye, kuda Inessa, akatadza kupona kwake hanya. "Ndangariro
- Muna 1984, pamepu yeMoscow, armand migwagwa yakaonekwa.
- MuNalchik, imwe yemigwagwa inopfekedza zita I. Amax.
- Muguta rePushkino, The Moscow Nzvimbo Yezita I. Armand iri microdistred.
- MuBlack Gungwa Kutumira Kambani Odessa muna 1968-98 vakashanda ngarava "Inessa Armand" yeChivakwa chePoland.