Biography
Iko kune chikamu chevanhu vanoti kuti vakwanise kuwana migumisiro yemhando, mamiriro akakosha / hunyanzvi / zvishandiso zvinodiwa (hazvisi zvekuratidzira kuti Archimedee, kutyisidzira kushandura nyika pamberi pechinhu chakakodzera. Asi pane rumwe rumwe rudzi rwevanhu, kunyangwe chero chinhu chiri mufurati neguruva, zvaunotenda pane zvavanofunga mienzaniso yavo. Iyo biography yeimwe venezuel nyika uye yezvematongerwo enyika kumuenzaniso wakajeka.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mutauri wenguva yemberi akaberekerwa uye mutungamiri weVenezuela Hufael Chavez Friekuva Sabarota - Musha mudiki ari muvashandi veBarinas. Chiitiko ichi chakaitika musi waChikunguru 28, 1954. Iye mukomana akava wechipiri wevana vanomwe vaHugo de Los Reyedz nemukadzi wake Elene Friaz de Chavez.
Kutanga kwehudiki hug mukumbundira mumusha weLos Randrohos, izvo, pamwe chete nemuninha wake mukuru, akabva mushure mekupera kwemakirasi ekutanga. Vabereki vakatumira vakomana kuna ambuya vake muchikepe, kuti vagare naye, Hugo naAnani vakadzidza kuLyceum vakatumidzwa Dhanyeri O'liiri.
Chavez, anorangarira achiri mudiki, aigara achitaura kuti zvaive kubva kune varombo vake, asi vanofara. Ipapo akarota kuzova nyanzvi yebaseball baseball kana akura (muchikamu, hope idzi dzakazadzika mumakore ekudzidza). Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuLycum, Hugo akapinda muhondo yemauto. Muzvidzidzo zvakafanana, murume wacho akatamba baseball uye softball - zvakamutungamira kuti atore chikamu mumakwikwi emunyika zvichienderana nemitambo iyi.
Zvakare, kuve mudzidzi wehondo yehondo, Chavez aifarira hupenyu nezvirevo zvegamba renyika - General Simon Bolivar. Gare gare, akapinda mumaoko ake bhuku "Diary Che Guevara", uye Hugo akabata moto nepfungwa dzeLatin American Revolutionary. Panguva imwe chete, Chavezi akashora pfungwa dzepaurombo reVenezuela uye akasarudza kururamisa kusarongeka uku mune ramangwana.
Muna 1974, hutungamiri hweChikoro chatumira vadzidzi vayo kuti vapemberere kufa kwehondo yeAyakucho, kwakaitika panguva yekuzvimiririra kwePeru. Chiitiko ichi chakaitwa nemusoro weHurumende Juan velisco alvarado. Kutaura kwemutungamiriri pane kudiwa kweanokufarira kukirasi yekushanda nekuda kwehuwori hwekirasi yekutonga kwakabereka fungidziro yakasimba pazuva remakore makumi maviri chavez.
Chimwe chiitiko chakajeka chiitiko chakaitika kuChavez panguva yekudzidza kuChikoro chakaziviswa neMwanakomana weMutungamiriri wezvemitemo Wenyika yeNational Guard Panama, Omar Tarryhos, uye kushanya kuPanama. Velisco naTormhos vakave zano vakakurudzira vanokwikwidza vaHugo - pane yavo mienzaniso, pfungwa uye kutamiswa kwehutungamiriri hwemauto kwevakuru vezvitoro zvaive zvichibva pane mienzaniso yavo. Muna 1975, Hugo akapedza rukudzo kubva muyunivhesiti yemauto ndokuenda kuhondo.
Zvematongerwo enyika
Munguva yebasa muAnti-Partisan Chikamu, mushure mekupambwa kunotevera, murume wacho akawana cache aine mabhuku echiCommunist (kusanganisira nemabasa eKarl Marx uye Vladimir Lenin). Mabhuku mazhinji akareba akazvisiya akazvinyudza pamwe navo munguva yake yekuzorora. Iyo yakaverengerwa yakamanikidzwa chávez yekudzika midzi mumaonero ake ekuruboshwe.
Makore maviri gare gare, mudunhu reANSIRAMERASE, kuvhara kwaHugo kwakarwa neboka "batch remubvu mutsvuku". Mushure mekutaura nevasungwa, boka reUgo vakatanga kunzwisisa kuti kwete simba rehurumende chete rakaora, asi zvakare pamusoro pehutungamiriri hwemauto. Zvikasadaro, maitiro ekutsanangura chokwadi chekuti mari kubva mukutengeswa kwemafuta haiendi kubatsirwa kwevarombo venyika.
Chizaruro chakadaro chinotungamira kuchokwadi chekuti muna 1982, Chavez Mafinji The "Bolivarian Revolutionary Party-200" (gare gare "Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200"). Pfungwa yekutanga yesangano yakamiswa nekudzidza kwenhoroondo yemauto ehurumende kuitira kuti vagadzire system itsva yekurwa.
Gare gare, musayenzi wezvematongerwo enyika Barry Cannoni kuti "revolutionary bolivarian yekufamba-200" yaive yekuumbwa kwemukomana mutsva, iyo yakanga yabata zvese zvakanakisa kubva kune yakanyanya kunaka mhando dzakanaka. Muna 1981, u Hugo inowana zita remutungamiriri uye panguva yemesita anodzidzisa muyunivhesiti yake yekare, vachigovana mazano ake uye kuungana kwavo.
Mushure meizvozvo, Chavezi akatumirwa neutungamiri kuguta revarwi. Hugo fungidzira kuti yaive chinongedzo, nekuti vatungamiriri vemauto vakatanga kunetseka nezvemaitiro ake. Chavezi haana kuvhiringidzika - pachinzvimbo, akatanga kuzivana nemadzinza eYaruro uye Kuiba - Nyika dzenyika, iyo panguva yeVenezuelan yenyika yaApura.
Kuwedzerwa naYaruro uye Kuchuro, Chavez akaziva kuti zvaive zvakafanira kumisa kudzvinyirira kwevanhu venyika yeNyika uye dzokorora mitemo yekudzivirira kwekodzero dzevagari vemo (iro raizoitwa riinhi). Muna 1986, Hugo Chavez akagamuchira musoro wejira.
Makore maviri gare gare, iyo President Post yakatora Carlos Andres Perez. Akakwanisa kuhwina mujaho panguva yesarudzo nekuda kwekutenda kune izvo zvakavimbiswa zvakaziviswa mushandirapamwe yesarudzo. Kunyanya, vimbiso yekurega tevera iyo mari yemari yeiyo International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Muchokwadi, maperesi akatangazve imwe michina yakaipa - iyo neoliberal modhi inobatsira iyo United States uye IMF. VaCitizens Venezuela haina kurongeka. Vanhu vakauya kumakara, asi nekutaura kwemutungamiriri, varatidziri vese vehurumende vese vakadzvinyirirwa noutsinye nerubatsiro rwechiuto. Chavezi panguva iyoyo aive akarara muchipatara, saka nhau dzakati dzikaitika kwaari, akaziva kuti kosi yemauto yaidiwa.
Sekureva kweiyo yakagadziridzwa Hugo uye timu yake, chirongwa ichi chakatevera nzvimbo dzinokosha dzehondo uye vezvenhau, dzichaongorora Perezi, dzichizvitsiva neyakaratidzwa mutungamiriri (Rafael Caldera (mumwe weaimbova purezidhendi wenyika). Zvese zvaive zvakagadzirira izvi.
Asi, zvakadaro, kuedza kwerudzi rweHurumende, kwakagadzirwa muna 1992, haina kuchengetedzwa korona yekubudirira. Nekuda kweiyo nhamba diki yevatsigiri, dzakawanda dzinotungamirira, dzakawanda data data uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisingafanoona, chirongwa chaChavez chakundikana. Musi waFebruary 5 wegore rimwe chetero, huku yakazvimirira yakazvipira kune zviremera uye akataura paterevhizheni kuti vatsigiri vake vazvipe, vachiti zvakadaro wakarasika.
Chiitiko ichi chakafungidzirwa kuti zvakadzama muzvenhau pasi rese (zvinyorwa zvine pikicha yehukuru hwaive mumasungwa makuru epasi) uye akauya nemukurumbira musungwa kujeri remauto reSan Carlos Chavezi. Zvakare, zviitiko izvi zvaive zvisiri bypass neCarlos Andres Peresa - kune vakuru veBhajeti muNyika muMari Nezvemaradzo muna1993, Mutungamiriri akabatwa nemhosva uye akabviswa muhofisi. Caldera akauya kuzotsiva.
Rafael Caldera akasunungura Hugu uye vatsigiri vake, vachibvisa zvose zvaipomerwa, asi zvinorambidza kushumirwa mumauto emauto emauto. Chavez akabva aenda kunosimudzira pfungwa dzake pakati pevagari vemo, uyezve kutsvaga kutsigira kunze kwenyika (ipapo kujairana naye neye fidel castro).
Munguva yekushanya kweUruguay, chile, Colombia, Cuba neArgentina Chavez vakadzidza kubva kune vanobatana kuti zviito zvemutungamiri weCaldera hazvisi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nezviitwa zvePeresi. Kufungisisa chimwe chinhu chisina kunaka, Hugo akadzokera kumusha kwake.
Chavez akanzwisisa kuti zvaizokwanira kuti auye kuzosimbisa chete nzira yechisimba chete, sezvo ongororo yaisamutendera kuti awonane neCaldera nenzira iri kuuya. Zvakangodaro, Hugo akasarudza kuedza kuita pasina kukakavara, kutanga muna 1997 "kufamba kweChishanu Republic" (akazova musangano wepasirese weVenezuela) - Iyo Yakasarudzika Socialist Bato reSocialist.
Mumadzinza a199,1995 munyori, Hugo chavez akakwanisa kupfuura Rafael Caldera, Irene Saas uye Enrique Rayeth, akabatana nenzvimbo yeVenezuela muna1990.
Nguva yekutanga yemutungamiri weChavez yakagara kusvika 2001 uye yakanyorwa nemaitiro emigwagwa uye zvipatara, zvichipa mutemo wekuchengetedza, kudzivirira kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu, pamwe nekuvhunduka kwekutamiswa kwevhiki " Mhoroi, mutungamiri "umo mumwe munhu angave akakurukurirana nemubvunzo wekudzvinyirira kana kukumbira rubatsiro.
Nguva yekutanga yemutungamiri wenyika yakatevera yechipiri, yechitatu uye kunyange pfupi yechina. Iyo oligarchy yaisakwanisa kukunda iyo vanhu vechivanhu, mutungamiri wenyika yeHugo chávez, kunyangwe achidhonza muna 2002 uye referendamu muna 2004.
Nguva yechina yemutungamiri weChuvez yakatanga muna Ndira 2013 uye yakapera mukufamba kwegore rimwe chete nekuda kwekufa kwaHugo. Muchokwadi, basa remusoro wenyika rakaitwa naNicholas Maduro, uyo akazova Mutungamiriri weVenezuela. Uye Hugo Chavez akafa aine makore makumi mashanu nemasere.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kaviri akaroora. Mukadzi wekutanga akava nanhasi caremenares, kubva kuna Ronda's mwanasikana weVevigia (1978) naMaria Gabriela (1980) uye mwanakomana waHugo Rafael (1983). Mushure mekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana waHugo akarambana nevarimi, vachiramba vachichengeta vana vavo.
Kubva 1984 kusvika muna1993, aive nehukama husina kunyoreswa naErma Marxman - shamwari yake. Muna 1997, akaroora zvakare uye kwenguva yechina akazobereka baba - mukadzi wechipiri Marisabheri Robriguez akazvara mwanasikana. Muna 2004, vaviri ava vakaparadzaniswa.
Rufu
Muna 2011, Chavezi akadzidza zvairwara nekenza. Zvadaro, pakukoka kwako pachako, fidel castro yakasvika kuCuba kuti ubudirire. Hugo akabvisa bundu rakaipa, uye akatanga kunzwa zvirinani. Nekudaro, pakupera kwa2012, kurwadziwa kwacho kwakaita kuti aitewo kuti ainzwe.
Musi waKurume 5, 2013, Hugo Chavez akafa. Kwenguva yakareba, nhoroondo yacho haina kuburitswa, asi yakazodaro yakazivisa kuti mhosva yerufu yaive kurwiswa kwemwoyo. Pakanga paine runyerekupe rwechokwadi, kutaura zvazviri, Chavezi rwaive aine muchetura nevaAmerican kana aimbova shamwari, uyo akazova mujekisi, Francisco Arias Cardenas.
Pakutanga, Hugo chávebvi aida kushambidza, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvikonzero hazvina kuita. Panzvimbo iyoyo, muviri weChavez kubva kuhondo yemauto, umo aidzidzisa nekudzidzisa, kutakurirwa kumuseum wekuchinja, uko mutambo wekureva nemutungamiri wenyika uye mariro akaitika. Misoro yenzvimbo dzakasiyana kubva kunyika dzakasiyana dzakauya nekutaura, kusanganisira kubva kuUnited States (kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti zvikamu zveUN Genuzhinji Salkey, Chavezi, vasati vasati vagari veimba chena).