Biography
MuBritish Munyori Anthony Burgess anozivikanwa kune vaverengi vepasi rese semunyori weiyo novel "wachi yeLowwork". Mhedzisiro yemunyori, uyo akagadzira bhuku reCuccentric nezve Ultranili, aive akaoma zvakanyanya: Mukadzi wake ane pamuviri akabatwa chibharo mana asingazivikanwe, uye munyori iyeye akararama nekuongororwa kwemakore makumi matatu.Hudu uye Vechidiki
John Anthony Burges Wilson akaberekwa musi waFebruary 25, 1917 kwete mumhuri yakabudirira kwazvo kuManchester. Baba vemunyori wenguva yemberi vakashanda semuparidzi, uye pakupera kwevhiki akagara pasi peiano mubhawa yemuno, kuti ingangoita pondo yekudzoreredza bhajeti remhuri isina chinhu. Iye munyori wemunyori wezvechokwadi "tirt nguva" aive akanyanya kufarirwa nemumhanzi uye kusununguka kubva munyaradzi, nguva yakapa zvidzidzo zvemazwi.
Chokwadi, chibayiro hachina kunzwa inzwi remubereki remubereki. Mukadzi akafa kamwe kamwe apo denderedzwa repidemic rakamutswa muguta. Anthony panguva iyoyo kwaive pedyo nemakore maviri.
Munguva pfupi iri kuuya yemhuri yakapinda muwanano nemuridzi webhari, maaigara achishandira. Apedza basa re accountant asina kudzivirirwa, murume akatanga kuwana mari pakutengesa fodya uye fodya.
Nepo amai vokurera vakaita bhizinesi kubva pachaKe, uye baba vake vakasungwa, sezvaaigona, kupa mhuri, kurerwa nedzidzo yeBergiess haina kuita. Hazvisazivikanwe kuti zvinozivikanwa sei neAnthony angadai akagadzira dai asina kutarisirwa nababamunini vake.
Jaya rakati raive nemakore makumi maviri, musoro wemhuri wakafa uye munyori akasara ari oga aine nyika huru, ine hutsinye. Mukukurukurirana nevamiriri venyaya, munyori akataura kuti mukuyaruka aive asina shamwari, uye hukama hushamwari nevezera ravo vainetseka.
Muchikoro, murume uyu akaonekwa neshungu. Pfungwa dzakafanana pamusoro payo yakagadziriswa mumazuva ekutanga ekudzidzisa, apo yakawanikwa nevazhinji vaunodzidza navo yaive yakaoma kuverenga, uye Anthony akanyatsoziva diploma uye masvomhu.
Nepo vaunodzidza navo vakaregeredza zvaidiwa nevadzidzisi, ivo vakayera vakagogodza mumapoka emapoka anowanzo rova bherufu yakateverwa nechitarisiko chavo. Kuti uvhiringidze kubva pakurwadziwa pfungwa uye usasiye musoro wekuora mwoyo, Anthony mushure memakirasi akateerera mimhanzi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti rwiyo rwekutanga rwakakwezva kutarisisa kwemunyori ndiko kuzivikanwa kweFrance Composter Closer Claude claude claude claude claude claude
Nekudaro, mimhanzi yaigara ichiramba iri mutambo. Sezvinongedzo zvehunyanzvi zviitiko, BillGus akasarudza kudzidzisa. Pashure pokunge vapedza koreji yemuno, Anthony akaramba aripo kumudzidzisi uye mumakore mashoma aakadzidzisa vadzidzi Chirungu uye mabhuku.
Iyo nguva itsva muhupenyu hweBergiess yakamanidzirwa nekutanga kweHondo Yenyika II. Munguva yebasa muuto, Anthony akazviratidza pachayo musoja asina hanya. Aigara achigamuchira kutsiurwa uye kunze kwekunze.
Jaya rakarasira musoro kubva kumutungamiriri, ipapo nekushingaira kwakadaro kwakadzima pasi kuti mumwe munhu akamukomberedza seye chando chake chisina chinhu. Desertion yakava yakanyanya kukanganisa misdemeanor. Pakupera kwevhiki, murume wechidiki akaenda kunoshanyira musikana wake, Luela Jones, uye akakanganwa kudzoka panguva yakatarwa. Pasi pekutorwa kweserensi, iyo yekutsvaga yakatangwa, asi munguva pfupi iri kuuya jaya pachezvake neyuniti yemauto.
Mabhuku
Basa roga reBergiess, iro rakabatanidzwa mumanyoro egoridhe remabhuku ekunze, rakazova revo "wachi yeworenji". Iri basa iSatiircal antiutoppia inotaura nezveboka revachiri kuyaruka vane hutsinye hwachaitawo huve nehasha maniacs.
Sezvakaitwa neMunyori pachake, bhuku racho raisundidzira kurwadziwa. Kubatirira kubasa, munyori aida kubvisa ndangariro dzisingafadzi dzine chekuita nekubatwa chibharo kwemukadzi wake.
Zvinokosha kuti mwedzi vashoma vasati vasikwa ve "wachi yeClock Orange", Burgess yakashanyira Leningradr, maakasangana naMasita. Mushure mekutaura navo, munyori akagadzira "nekukatyamadzwa" - mutauro wekunyepedzera wevechidiki wevechidiki, iwo mazwi akanyorwa naLatini ("shamwari", Malchik - "Malchik -" Malchik - "Malchik -" Malchik - "Malchik -" Malchik - "Malchik -" Malchik - "Malchik - ).
Nekudaro, iyo huru kuomerwa kwevaverengi yakanga isiri pakunzwisisa kwese mazwi uye kutaura, asi pfungwa yeiyo bhuku. Munyori akatenda kuti arikusundika zvakanaka sekwesiripo kumunhu, pamwe nekuva akaipa.
Pakutanga, iyo "Clockwork orange" yaisanganisira zvitsauko 21 - mune yekupedzisira yavo, hunhu hukuru hunomutsa mararamiro ake uye kupinda munzira yekururamisa. Chokwadi, mumwe wevaparidzi veAmerica ekupedzisira akanyanya airatidzika kunge akawandisa, uye akacheka chikamu chekupedzisira kubva pamanyoro.
Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mune yakafanana fomu fomu "Clockwork orange" Dziviriro uye Stanley Kubrick. Iyo firimu, yakasviba zvichienderana nebasa iri, akaona mwenje muna 1962, uye basa guru rakawana mutambi malcolm mcdaeell.
Zvakare muna 1962 pamusoro pevafundisi vakasvika kuchiitiko "mbeu yaivha". Mune ichi chisikwa, Burges yakaratidza kufungidzira kwake mukungopenya, vachitsanangura ramangwana rakawanda rakawanda zvekuti vanhu vari kufa nenzara, kubereka kwemhosva, uye kusabereka uye ungochani kunoonekwa semaitiro.
Muma 70s na80s, Anthony akaburitsa mabhuku makumi matatu, kusanganisira basa re "masimba enyika mauto", izvo zvinoshorwa zvinozivikanwa neBergies yakanaka kwazvo. Mariri, nyaya yacho inoitiswa pachinzvimbo chevana makumi masere ekukura okusakura munyori chombo, Kennet Tumi.
Zvinotendwa kuti iyo prototype yehunhu hukuru hwaive hwezimwe moem. Iri bhuku rinewo zvirevo zvine humbous nezve mabhuku mazhinji akakosha munyika.
Muna 1988, iron "iron, iron, irony" rakabudiswa, rinoenderana nengozi yeiyo ECariibur. Basa racho imhuri inonakidza SAGU, iyo inotaura nezve hupenyu hwezvizvarwa zvakati wandei zveWelsh - Russian "Clan".
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1942, Anthony akaroora Luela Isherwood Jones. Nguva pfupi mushure mekupera kwewanano naLuela, chinhu chinotyisa chakaitika: musikana ane nhumbu zvine ngozi chibharo uye kurova boka revashandi veAmerican african American.
Sezviri pachena, monsters aida kubira akabatwa zvisina basa (kunyangwe mukadzi aive aine mhete yemuchato kubva pazvinhu zvakakosha), asi zvakadaro akatakurwa zvekuti havana kusiya nzvimbo imwechete yekugara mumuviri.
Luela asina kugadzikana akarasikirwa nemwana uye akawira mukuora mwoyo zvakanyanya, izvo zvisina kubuda kusvika pakuguma kwemazuva. Zvakare, mushure mekubatwa chibharo, musikana wacho akatanga kutambudzwa achiwanzo kubuda ropa, nekuda kwekuti akagadzira Anemia.
Mukadzi weBergiess akasvira zvinwiwa zvine simba, achivimba nawo. Kuedza kubaya gomo nedoro ndiyo yaive chikonzero chikuru chekufa kweLuela: Muna 1968, murume / murume / murume / murume waMunyori akafa nechirozi cirrhosis.
MUNYAYA 1968, Burjess akaroora kechipiri. Panguva ino mukadzi wemunyori akazova muchinda weItaly anonzi Lianna. Mukadzi ane njere ndezvechokwadi zvekuti murume wake haawanzo pamba.
Pairamai vachiri vakakwira nepamba, Anthony akatora chikamu muhurukuro yehurukuro, zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa muBritish Mapepanhau. Muna 1970-1971, Burjess akatanga kudzidzisa kuPrinceton University. Muna 1972, munyori akananga kuverenga chikamu cheGidari muGireri muMinneapolis, uye mushure memakore matatu akava muratidziri muNew York University muBuffalo.
Rufu
Kunyangwe kufa kwaLuela, matambudziko nehutano hwedu uye kuzvishingisa. Mune imwe, kwete zuva rinoshamisa reAnthony rakarasika kuziva panguva yehurukuro. Mhedzisiro yeongororo iyi yaishungurudza: Bergiess yakawana neoplasm muuropi. Vanachiremba vaitenda kuti Anthony akaramba achirarama kupfuura gore.
Iyi mhedziso yakasundira munyori kusvika kutanga kwemabasa anogadzira zvinyorwa zvekuverenga. Aida kushandisa zvakanyanya mazuva ake akagoverwa uye akatanga kunyora nekumhanya kwakasimba. Manovepo akabuda pasi pechinyoreso chake mune mazuva emazuva.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakazoitika kuti vanachiremba vaitadza, uye Anthony akafa mumakore makumi matatu nematatu (Mbudzi 22, 1993) Mushure mekunge vanachiremba vakamutevera kuongororwa kunouraya. Uye rufu harwuna kuuya nekuda kwehuropi bundu, asi nekuda kwekenza yemapapu. Pakati peino nguva, akakwanisa kunyora mabhuku makumi mashanu, mazana ezvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa, bhuku revadzidzi uye nezvidzidzo zvakawanda zvekusimudzira James Joyce naWilliam Shakespeare.
Vashoma vanhu vanoziva, asi munyori akakurumbira aifarira mimhanzi. Sekureva kwaifights, Burgess akasiya mabasa 175, pakati pavo kune ballet, symphony uye kunyange opera.
BHAIBHERI
- 1949 - "Hondo Chiratidzo"
- 1956 - "Tiger Nguva"
- 1958 - "Muvengi ari pasi pemubhedha"
- 1960 - "Kodzero Yekupindura"
- 1960 - "Dr. Bolen"
- 1961 - "Kubvumidzwa-Kunoita
- 1962 - "Clockwork orange"
- 1962 - "Mbeu yeMbeu"
- 1963 - "Mr. Erby kubva mukati"
- 1963 - "Uchi kune mabheya"
- 1976 - "nzira refu yekunwa doro"
- 1979 - "Munhu weNazareta"
- 1988 - "Iron, iron, iron"