Biography
Mumwe wevanyori vanozivikanwa eumambo hweGerman wezana ramakumi maviri muzana ndeye Erich Maria kutaura. Vabudiridzi, vane zvirevo zvakazoita usingafi, "chizvarwa chakarasika" - nguva yacho pagumi nemabvazuva vakomana vadiki vakadana kumberi, uye vakamanikidzwa kuuraya. Ino nguva yakazova vavariro huru uye zano rekugadzira munyori.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Erich Maria Remarik akaberekerwa muna June 22, 1898 muguta reOsnabruck (German Humambo). Baba vemunyori vakashanda nemwenje, saka imba yeramangwana riratidziro yaigara izere nehuwandu hwemabhuku mazhinji. Kubva pazera rekutanga, zvishoma erich raive rakanakidzwa nemabhuku. Kunyanya mukuru weGenius akakwezva basa reFyodor Dostoevsky, Johann goethe uye marseille put.
Kubva kuBiography of the Army Artives, zvinozivikanwa kuti semwana, Remarik aidawo mimhanzi, aidawo kudhirowa, kuunganidza mabhatani, mabwe uye nemabhuruku. NaBaba vehukama vakatambanudzwa nekuda kwemafungiro akasiyana ehupenyu. Erich paakashanduka makore gumi nemapfumbamwe, amai vakafa nekenza, uyo munyori aigara achidziya, achivimba nekutaurirana.
Erich Maria akadzidza muchikoro chechechi, pakupera uko jaya rakapinda muMinari yeKatorike. Ipapo akatevera makore ekudzidza mumashoko eRoyal Seminari. Ikoko munyori akazova nhengo yemutengo wekunyora, umo akawana shamwari uye nevanhu vakafanana nevanhu.
Muna 1916, kutaura kwakaenda kumberi. Kwapera gore, akagamuchira kukuvara kushanu uye aive muchipatara chake zvimwe zvese. Pakudzoka kumupendero wemukati mumba maBaba vake Erich akashongedza hofisi, maari mimhanzi, akapendwa uye akanyora. Pakanga pano kuti muna 1920 basa rake rekutanga rakagadzirwa - "pekugara hope".
Mugore rese, Erich akadzidzisa pachikoro chemunharaunda, asi akazoramba basa iri. Munyori akachinja basa rakawanda asati atanga kuwana nekunyora. Saka panguva dzakasiyana akashanda semuperekedzi, muperekedzi, organist uye akatotengera matombo emabwe.
Muna 1922, kutaura kwacho kuruboshwe Osnabruguu ndokuenda kuHannover. Ikoko akagara mumagazini "Echo Continental", maakanyora mapikicha kwemwedzi, iwo magwaro epiraen uye zvinyorwa zvakasiyana siyana.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti Erich akadhindwa mune mamwe magazini. Saka shanda mubhuku racho "SPIDS Bild" yakavhurwa pasuwo renyika. Muna 1925, mutori wenhau anozvidzidzisa akaenda kuBerlin kuti ave mupepeti wemifananidzo yemagazini ino.
Muna 1926, rimwe remagazini yakaparadzirwa mazwi "kubva panguva dzehudiki" uye "mukadzi nemaziso endarama." Uku ndiko kwaive kutanga kwenzira yekusika yekutaura. Kubva panguva yaasina kurega kunyora, kugadzira hunyanzvi hutsva.
Mabhuku
Muna 1928, chinyorwa "chinomira pamusoro" chakabudiswa. Sekureva kweshamwari yemunyori, raive bhuku nezve yekutanga-kirasi radiators uye vakadzi vakanaka. Pashure pegore, mwenje wakaona ruzha "kumadokero pamberi kana pasina shanduko." Kutaura mairi kwakarondedzera zvinotyisa zvese uye nerunako rwehondo kuburikidza nemaziso emurume wechidiki wemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe.
Basa racho rakaendeswa kumitauro makumi matatu nematanhatu, yakapihwa makumi mana neshanu. MuGermany, bhuku racho rakaita kuti righeni (imwe miriyoni imwe chete yakafamba kupfuura gore). Muma1930s, basa rakabviswa nefirimu.
Iyo 1931th yakaiswa chiratidzo nekupinda muchiedza chevhu "kudzoka", kutaura nezve hupenyu hwevadzidzi vezuro hwakadzoka kubva kuhondo. Makore mashanu gare gare, bhuku rinonzi "vatatu vanomisikidza" rinoonekwa pamasherufu. Yakaburitswa paDanish neChirungu.
Muna 1938, kutaura kwakatanga kushanda pabasa re "rudo rwepakati wake", rwakapedziswa muna 1939. Ipapo magazini yaColier yakatanga kudhinda kusikwa kwemunyori.
Muna May 1946, bhuku racho "kukunda" kwakabuda muGerman muchiGerman, uye pakati pezhizha, kutaura kupedza basa re "spark yehupenyu". Mwaka wakatevera, iyo yekutanga yefirimu nyowani yakaitwa mune nyaya "kune rumwe rutivi" (mufananidzo wacho waidaidzwa kuti "rumwe rudo").
Ma1950s akave gore rekutyora hukama naNatasha Pale (Brown) mushure memakore gumi emisangano isingaperi, kupokana uye kuyanana. Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, basa rakatanga pane bhuku rekuti "nyika yakavimbiswa" ("mimvuri muParadhiso") uye "dema dema".
Muna 1954, bhuku rekurwisa-rwizi rwekuti rarama "nguva yekufa" rakaburitswa, muna 1959 muHamburg Journal, Rinodhinda, uye muna 1962, bhuku rakaparadzana "husiku mukati Lisbon "akaonekwa pamasherufu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1925, kutaura kwakatanga Berlin. Ikoko mumudunhu akanaka-dunhu, mwanasikana womuparidzi wemagazini egazini yakakurumbira akawana murudo, maaishanda pamberi pavo. Chokwadi, vabereki vemusikana vakadzivirira muchato wavo, kunyangwe munyori akagamuchira mupepeti wekuburitsa.
Munguva pfupi, Erich akaroora Dancer Ilzeat The Zampon, muchato waivapo kwemakore mana. Bolshiya, musikana wechidiki akapfava akazova prototype yemurume akati wandei ehondo yake, kusanganisira Pat kubva kune "vatatu comrades".
Ipapo mutori venhau etropolitan akazvibata sekunge aida kukanganwa zvakaringana, akapfeka zvehondo, vafambi, avo vanotenga zita reBaron for 500 stamp.
MunaJanuary 1933, paVaEvha wekusvika kweAdolf Hitler kune Simba, shamwari yekunyora yairaira munyori nekukurumidza kusvika pakubuda muguta. Erich akabva agara mumota uye, chii chaienda kuSwitzerland. Muna May wegore rimwe chetero, vaNazi vakatengesa bhuku "kumavirazuva ekumavirira pasina shanduko" nemhara yeruzhinji, uye munyori wake akanyimwa mugari weGerman.
Muna 1938, munyori akagadzira chiito chakanaka. Kuti abatsire mukadzi wako, abude kuGermany uye akamupa mukana wekugara muSwitzerland, akagumisa zvakare nemuchato wakamiswa muna 1957th.
Mukadzi akakosha kwazvo muhupenyu hwemunyori akazozivikanwa Movie Movie Star Marlene dietrich, iyo iri prototype yeiyo Heroine yeNovel "Traulhal Arch" - Joan Madu. Mutevedzemesi weKunork. Kubva pane maonero ekuona kweanowanzogamuchirwa mutsika, Marlene haana kupenya hunhu.
Novel wavo akashungurudzwa munyori. MuFrance, Marlene akasvika nemwanasikana achiri kuyaruka, murume naVatenzi vemuroora. Vakataura kuti mutambi webhisikopo, izvo zvinotaurwa naPuma, va Cohabe navo vaviri. Mumaziso ekutaura, iyewo aive neane hukama neakapfuma lesbian kubva kuAmerica.
Nekuda kwekupenga kwake kwemufundisi, Erich akagadzirira kukanganwira muimbi, kutanga hupenyu kubva papepa jena. Kana hunyanzvi hwekunyora pakafunga kuroora, mukadzi wacho akaudza Gomo reKavaarera pamusoro pekubvisa nhumbu. Baba vemwana vaive mutambi Jimmy Stewart, uyo rusununguko-rudo rwakakosha rwaizivikanwa mufirimu "Dandy zvakare muSunda."
Kana chikafu chakati chavaiona kuti chirevo chakatumira muunganidzwa wekupenda kuenda kuAmerica (kusanganisira 22 basa remuti weCezanne), Marlene waishuvira kuwana mufananidzo mumwe chete seyako yekuzvarwa. Pashure pokunge zvinyadziswa zvisingaverengeki, kutaura kwakave nemweya wakakwana wekupindura kuramba.
Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti muHollywood munyori haana kunzwa bandwidth. Mari yake yaive yakanaka kwazvo. Ainakidzwa nekubudirira nemutambi anozivikanwa, kusanganisira iyo yakakurumbira Greta garbo. Chokwadi, kusanzwisisika kweshungu kweiyo filmtlitis inotsamwiswa kutaura. Vanhu vakaita kunge venhema uye vakarerutsa.
Pakupedzisira, vachinyura naMarlene, akatamira kuNew York. Pano muna 1945 njodzi yekukunda yakapera. Pasi pekufa kwekufa kwehanzvadzi iyi, akatanga kushanda paNove ye "Spark yehupenyu" akazvipira kune ndangariro dzake. Raive bhuku rekutanga pamusoro pezvaakange asingaonekwi - nezve musasa wevasungwa weNazi.
Muna 1951, muNew York, munyori akasangana kutiza kwegore, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive nemakore makumi mana. Madzitateguru ake kubva kuna amaibhodhi akabva pavarimi veAmerica, vanobva kuEngland, uye nevatakuri vaiva maJuda.
Muna 1957, kutaura zviri pamutemo neUyutta, kuibhadhara zviuru makumi maviri nemashanu uye kugadza kwehupenyu hwese hwemadhora mazana masere pamwedzi. GORE rinotevera uye goddar zviri pamutemo hukama.
Rufu
Rangarira yakashandisa iyo yekupedzisira yeWinters ichitiza muRoma. Muzhizha rema1970s, munyori akarambazve mwoyo, uye akaradzikwa muchipatara mu locarno. Ikoko, munyori akafa mugore rimwe chete regore. Guva reMusiki webasa re "Spark yehupenyu" iri pamakuva weRonco.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti pazuva remufundisi aimbova mukadzi akatumira munhu wekare wemaruva, asi goddar haana kuisa pabhokisi.
Makore mashanu ekutanga mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, kubhururuka kwacho kwacho kwacho kwakaita zvekushingaira mumabasa ake, zvinyorwa, zvakarara zvinetso. Muna 1975, airwara zvakanyanya. Iyo bundu muchipfuva rakabviswa zvakanyanya (kwaive nemabvu akati wandei), uye mukadzi aive akazvimba.
Munyori anodiwa akararama kwemamwe makore gumi nemashanu, asi aya aive makore anosiririsa. Ndege yave isingazivikanwe, clication uye yakatora mushonga wakawandisa. Munguva yekuora mwoyo inotevera, mukadzi akabayira madhora zviuru makumi maviri emamiriyoni. New York University, uye akatanga kutengesa kuunganidzwa kweagetsi aunganidzwa nekutaura.
Zvinozivikanwawo kuti aimbove mukadzi waCharles Charles akadzokorora kuedza kuzviuraya. Muridzi weimba muNew York, maakabvisa imba, aisada kutora doro pekugara uye vakamubvunza kuti aende kuSwitzerland.
Musi waApril 23, 1990, ndege dzakadikanwa kuti dzipe iyo batalum auction makatengeswa zvishongo zvake pazuva iri. Kutengesa kwakaunza $ 1 miriyoni, uye maawa matatu mushure mekupedza kudzidza, mutambi akafa. Ndakaviga iyo noinee oscar mubairo padivi pemurume wake kuSwiss Cemetery Ronko.
BHAIBHERI
- 1920 - "Kuvhara Kurota"
- 1924 - "Gemi"
- 1927 - "Chiteshi chiri pamusoro"
- 1929 - "Kumadokero Mberi Pasina Shanduko"
- 1931 - "Dzoka"
- 1936 - "Vatatu Comrades"
- 1941 - "Ida Muvakidzani Wako"
- 1945 - "Kukunda Arch
- 1952 - "Simbadza Hupenyu"
- 1954 - "Nguva yekugara uye Inofa Nguva"
- 1956 - "Black Obelisk"
- 1959 - "Life Chikwereti"
- 1962 - "husiku muLisbon"