Biography
Mutungamiriri anozivikanwa wehondo yeRussia, gurukota rine zita renzvimbo yeFoldmarshal, ane nhoroondo yezvibereko zvehondo dzevarwi vehondo yegumi nematanhatu - Mikhail barclay de Colly. Iyi marvhodhi inogona kukwikwidza zvichienderana neyero yekuzivikanwa kunyangwe naAlexander Vavorevich Suvorev.
Mimhanzi yemauto inoshandiswa naMikhail Bogdanovanovanovanga, kushoropodzwa nevazaruri, asi vazukuru vakatenda nehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hweRussia Strategist. Kuzvipira kweBarclay de Colly uye kuzvipira kweRussia kuRussia kunoenzanisira mazwi emurume wemauto aive akagadzirira kuwira muhondo muBorodino, kana zvaizotora kukunda.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nhoroondo yekutanga yeBarclay De celly mhuri yakadzika midzi muCentursi yeCentine uye yakadzika muEurope Condinst. Nikolai Bogdanovich Nikolai Bogdanovich ndiye wedzinza remhando yekare yeScotland, nhoroondo inotanga naRobert Barclay. Robert pachezvake arikusiya kubva munyika dzevaScandinavia. Sechikamu cheuto remutungamiriri weanoremandy wilquelmi wilelm ini ndinokudaira (Wilhelm Norman), Robert Barclay aive muBritain, kwairamba kurarama. Nzvimbo yekugara, murume akasarudza musha une zita rezita rake Barclay. Vazukuru vaRoberts vakakamurwa kuita matavi maviri epakati - barclay of gartley (munguva pfupi yakapera kuvapo) uye barclay yeATOBIE. Ndiye marudzi mashoma akashandurwa muDe Toll.
Barclay Delly mhuri yakanakidzwa nenyasha dzemhuri uye vakabudirira kuwedzera hupfumi hwayo, asi zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika muBritain, zvakanangana nehope dzeOliver. Sekuru kukuru kwevakuru vakuru vakagara muRiga, kwavakange vachiita zvekutengeserana uye vakatogadzira nzira yavo.
Mushure mekunge Latvia yakava chikamu cheHurumende yeRussia, Winged Gottland (baba venguva yemberi yekudyidzana) vakagamuchira zita romuchengetwa. Achibatira muchiuto, Wungold akaroora musikana wemo Margarita-Elizabeth von Smitten. Margarita aive wechiGerman muGerman, aive nemusoro wakanaka uye akaberekerwa kana kuberekwa mumhuri yevapfumi varidzi venzvimbo, kana mumhuri yemupristi airemekedzwa.
Zvita 13, 1761 (zvinoenderana nerumwe ruzivo, Zvita 27) mumhuri yeWungard neWungland naMargarita, mwanakomana akazvarwa. Biography yemutungamiriri haana kuponesa kwete zuva chete, asiwo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwemikhail, pachiitiko ichi kuchine gakava pakati penhoroondo dzezvemashoko.
Iye mukomana wakatumidzwa kuti German tenzi Mikichael andreas. Nekudaro, nerubhabhatidzo, Michael akatora zita Mikhail. Patronymic Bogdanovich yakabatana neEthymology yezita rababa vake: Gotter muchiGerman zvinoreva "Mwari uyu." Mikhail yakava mwanakomana wechipiri wechidiki akaroora.
Sezvo muXviii zana pakati pemakurukota eGerman akanyatsobudirira netsika dzemhuri dzisina vana kuti vadzidzise hama dzechidiki, mumakore mana vabereki vakatumira Mikersburg, mumhuri yeva tete amai. Colonee nomudzimai wake, vachiva vabereki vekurera vemitemo yemangwana, nehana vakazadzisa mabasa avo nehana, nekuda kwekuti mukomana akagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka imba. Semwana, mukomana akafarira munhoroondo yemauto, mafungire nemaitiro ehondo strategics, akataura mitauro yakati wandei.
Kufunga nezve positi yababa vako vekurera, pamwe nezvido zveMwana amene, mubvunzo wekusarudza basa racho rakanga risingamiriri kwaari. Mamwe makore matanhatu, Mikhail akanyorwa munzvimbo dzeNovotroitsky Kirassian regiment, akaraira baba vake vekurera. Makore maviri gare gare, Humambo hweRussia hwakatanga kurwa neuto reOttoman. Michael Michael aive akatarisira tsamba kubva kubabamunini uye yakarongedzwa yakatarisa iyo theatre yehutachiona.
Basa reMauto
Mauto ebasa Mikhail akatanga nemitsara yePSKOV Carabinerian Regiment. Makore maviri gare gare, jaya racho rakatambira chinzvimbo cheRERNET, uye mamwe makore mashanu gare gare, Mikhali akauya chinzvimbo chePodoruk. Mikhail anomiririra zvakanyanyisa kunze kwemashure edzidzo yepamusoro yedzidzo uye kuda kuverenga. Nekudaro, ichi chokwadi chaive chikonzero chegodo revamwe mauto kune kubudirira kweBarclay De mudumbu. Ipapo General Patkul akashandurira Mikhail kubasa muSt. Petersburg. Ikoko, wechidiki wekudenga akawedzera zvinodiwa paMemoror M.i. Kutuzov. Mikhail Illarioniv yakatarisana nezviri mukati uye hutano hwevarwi, uye Barclay De mucheche akatora pfungwa iyi.
Colonel yechidiki barclay de mukono akave makore gumi ekushanda muchiuto. Kuenda kuMuchinda weViktor Shaumbourgsky mune chinzvimbo chaKapteni, Mikhail akagamuchira chiitiko chekutanga mukuita hondo chaiyo - Hondo yeTurkey ya 1878 yakatanga. Pakati peino nguva, Barclay yakave yakakurumbira seyakazara uye inotonhora-ropa-ropa, inokwanisa kutora mhinduro dzakaremerwa zvakananga kunhandare yehondo.
Muna 1788, mauto eRussia akatora okurova kweOchaki. Munguva yekuvhiya uku, wechidiki Barclay akasangana nemupi wake Kutuzov, uye akapupurirawo kutadza kweSuvorev uye kushamisika kwake naPotemkin. Uye kuti vaponeswe kuna Prinlalta Mikhal akagamuchira mubairo wake wekutanga wekutanga - kurongeka kweSt. Vladimir.
Muna 1879, Mikhail Bogdanovich, uyo akagamuchira mumwe kuwedzera, akaendeswa kumberi kweiyo Finnish pamberi pehondo neSweed. Ikoko kwakaurayiwa muhondo uye patron Mikhail Prince Anhalt. Asati afa, muchinda akaunza Barclay bakatwa iro Mikhail Bogdanovich rakazovigwa mukuda kwake.
Mumwe musangano weBarclany naSukomborv zvakaitika muna 1794 muguta reGirlo, sechikamu champirisheni yekudzvinyirira kwePolish kumuka kwePoland. Zvekushinga uye ushingi mukurwira vapanduki, Mikhail Bogdanovich akagamuchira kurongeka kweSt. George.
Sezvo anga agamuchira musoro weColonel, Barclay De ndege dzakapona pakufa kwaKatherine II, kusvika kwaPaul I, apo Suvomot yakafanana yakawira mukusafarirwa. Mikhail Bogdanovich akaramba achitungamira iyo 4th Hanish Regmenti muBaltic States, kwaakange achiitawo sarudzo yekuzvidzidzira uye kuvadzidzisa. Kushumirwa kwakadzikana kwaChangamire kwaisamisa Barclay uye nerufu rwaPaul uye kusvika kwaAlexander I.
Muna 1806 chete, Mikhail Bogdanovich akatangazve kurwa neungano yake, akatarisana neuto reNapoleon. Kufambira mberi muhondo neanopikisa barclay, kurongeka kweSt. George yakapihwa. Kwapera gore, General Mikhail Bogdanovich akagamuchira kukuvara kwakanyanya muhondo. Kwapera gore, mushure mekurapwa kwenguva refu muchipatara, Barculy akadzokera kunhandare yehondo muFinland.
Muna 1809, Barclay De mukwanyina akagadzira kushanda kwakashata, kusingaenzaniswi kwemauto, uchienda nemamandi ake quark pamhepo yakaonda martam uye kuoneka kumashure kumuvengi. Uku kushanda kwakanaka kwave kutanga kwekuguma kwehondo pakati peRussia neSweden. Nekuda kwekuvhiyiwa, ndima yeFinland yakasungirirwa kuRussia, uye genera rakava gavhuna wayo.
Nechinzvimbo chitsva, Mikhail Bogdanovich akavezwa asina kutadza kupfuura nemabasa emauto, maererano nemabasa emauto, mune iyo muna 1810 akagadzwa nemushandi wemauto eMushumiri weRussia. Mune chinzvimbo chitsva pamapfudzi, Barclaya akaradzika basa rinorema uye rekutarisira - kugadzirira uto kune hondo iri kuuya neFrance. Kutevera nheyo dzayo nezvekukosha kwekugara kwevarwi kuti ubudirire mukuzadzisa misheni, iyo ministo yawana kuwedzera kwemari yeuto uye kuwedzera nyika.
Paunenge wadzidza zano remuvengi, Mikhail Bogdanovich rinovandudza hurongwa hwake hwekurwira, maringe neuto rake rekudzosera mukati menyika, kutangisa kutaurirana kweuto reNapoleon uye nekuzorora. Barclay de Tolly "Scythian Strategy" yakakonzera huwandu hwekuzvidza pane wake "kutengesa" kuTsar Alexander, kusanganisira kubva pakurwara.
Nekudaro, mauto eRussia akaramba achigadzirira nenzira yemumato, anotungamira kurufu rwezvazvinongoita zveFrench. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti dziri munzira dziende kuSoplensk, dzvinyiriro yakatanga kutsungirira kukundwa, kumanikidza kwamambo pamatare uye kusanzwisiswa kwakawedzera, uye Alexander anomanikidzwa kubvisa Mikdanovanovanzi. Hondo yakatungamirirwa naMikhail Illunilivich kutuzov. Nekudaro, Barculy akaisa mambo kuti abvise kubva muchiuto, mhinduro yaasina kumirira.
Gare gare, Mikhail Bogdanovich akanyora kuti chishuvo chake chikuru muhondo yeBorodino raifanira kugara panhandare yehondo pakati pevakadonha. Tariro dzayo dzaisatongerwa kuti dzizoitika, asi ushingi hwaBarcle hwakadzosa nzvimbo yemauto uye mauto akajairwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mikhail Bogdanovch akafunga nezve basa rake kusvika pabasa, saka mutungamiriri aive asina nguva yehupenyu hwake. Nekudaro, muna 1791 iye achiri kuroora cousin Elena elonor von Smitten. Muwanano Elena akazvara vana vakati wandei, asi mumwe wavo mumwe chete akapona - Ernst Magus Nyamavhuvhu. Pamusoro peMwanakomana, vanasikana vatatu vasiri vevatatu vevanasikana - Carolina, Anna naCatherine vakarererwa neiyo tsika yekare muBarclay De Toll mhuri.
Ernst akaenda akatsika tsoka dzaBaba vake uye akasarudza basa remauto, rasvika mumusoro waColonel. Ernst aive akaroora kaviri, asi haana kusiya vana mune chero michero - barclay dedyly yakapera pairi.
Rufu
Muna 1812, Mikhail Bogdanovich akasiya chinzvimbo chemushumiri wemauto, asina kana kutoonga kwehondo neFrance akakunda nemauto ake. Fivings aimbova Warlord akaenda kuGeneric Manor kuti avandudze hutano. Nzira yese yaakaenda nayo nekuzvidzwa nekuzvidzwa kwevanhu.
Zvisinei, achangopedza mari Mota yemhuri yaive mazwi ekuti "kuvimbika uye moyo murefu" uye jasi remaoko eBarklaev rine hunhu husingachinje hwebasa remauto uye kuvimbika kuna Changamire.
Munguva yechando ya 1818, Barclay akanzwa kuora muhutano uye akakumbira mvumo yekuenda kunorapwa kuGermany, asi akafa munzira iri muna Chivabvu 14, 1818. Great Russian Strategist muBaltic States yakavigwa.
Mifananidzo yemutungamiriri pane akawanda maruva uye mapikicha anoenderana neiyo mufananidzo weiyo artist George Down Dow.
Ndangariro
- 1823 - Mausoleum Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Colly
- Chivakwa paguva remutungamiriri muYygevest, kuCazan Square yeSt. Petersburg, muSolensk, Bendery Fortress
- Image muFilms "Kutuzov", "BHUKU", "Hondo nerugare"
- 1962 - Brand nemufananidzo weBarclay De Toll
- 2012 - CBR Coin inoratidza Barclay de Toll