Biography
George Byron mudetembi yeChirungu, ane zita rinonzi rinotungamirwa kwese mumabhuku epasi rose. Iyo nhetembo inoshanda, kusuwa kwakazara nekuda kwehutsinye uye kushomeka kwenyika, kwakaputswa nerudo pfungwa uye zviroto zvisina kuzadzikiswa nezvezvakanaka, hazvishamiswe moyo wekutambudza.
Kutambura uye kurwadza kweBaron kwaive kusiri kunyepedzera: Uyu murume akanyatsoona nyika chaiyo uye nekunetseka nekusakwana kwehupenyu nevanhu. Nekudaro, havasi vese vanoziva kuti kuwedzera kune iyo nyonganiso yeBiography yemweya, George Baron zvakare izerewo nehupamhi hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mumuviri.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
George Gordon Byron akaberekerwa muLondon muna Ndira 22, 1788. Mhuri yetemberi yemangwana, kunyangwe ruzivo, raive murombo. Mai vemukomana vakava mukadzi wechipiri waIshe Byrona Sr. Achangosvika George zvishoma apfuura makore matatu, sekufa kwaBaba vake, kusiya mukadzi wake nemwana mumaoko ake uye pasina murarara.
Mukadzi ane mwana akadzokera kumhuri estate ye sext Abby, ayo ari pasi peNottingham, ayo akazova nhaka Byron. Hupenyu mumapoka muchikamu hwaive husina humambo zvachose: Chivakwa chekare chakadonha, kugara uchiyeuchidza nezve benchmark yemabhiri. Amai vaGeorge vakapedzisira vapfuura nekuda kwezvinetso zvinogara zvichisiya mwanakomana wake, vachiverenga izvo hazvina kukwana.
Mukuwedzera, Bayron akatambura nekuda kwekuzvarwa chromotype, iyo yaiwanzova nyaya yezera rakatasva. Mukomana akanetseka kuti rimwe zuva rakabvunza chiremba wemhuri akanyatso kugonesa ruoko rworwadzo. Takaseka paumburha remangwana uye nekuda kwehuremu - zvinozivikanwa kuti nemakore gumi nematanhatu George airema 102 kilogram. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukura kwejaya raingova chete mamita 1,72.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akapesvedzera chimiro cheBaironi yechidiki, icho chakashanduka kuita kuyaruka uye kupfuma uye kunyara, avo vakanzwa mundiroga chete, ndega nemabhuku uye zviroto zvake. Iko kunzwa - wega wega, hapana kukanganisa kune vamwe - Bayron achatsvaira tambo tsvuku kuburikidza nemabasa ese.
Primary dzidzo diki George akaenda kumba, achiita mudzidzisi anouya. Mune ramangwana, Bayron akadzidza muDavich Chikoro. Muna 1801, George akabatana neboka revadzidzi vakavhara chikoro muguta reHarrow, uye makore mana gare gare akapinda neUtatu College kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kudzidza kwakapihwa kune vechidiki bacron nekuomerwa, asi kufarira mabhuku mumabhuku akamuka kubva pazera rekutanga.
Mabhuku
Bhuku rekutanga raBaroni, inonzi "nhetembo kuti," yakabuda muna 1806. Kwapera gore, mudetembi akadhindisa mumwe muunganidzwa wenhetembo - "wachi". Kusiyana nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kusikwa kunobvumidzwa Baron kuti imbonere kuvimba nemauto avo. Nekudaro, veruzhinji vanongotatsoropodza kudetembi nyowani, vaita sumo yekunyorwa nebhuku rechipiri. Mudetembi haana kuvhiringidzika uye akazvitsaurira kune vatsoropodzi kune caustic satire "Varume veChirungu uye vaongorori veScotland", izvo zvakava zvakanyanya kufarirwa nemanyoro emabasa.
Muna 1809, mudetembi akamanikidzwa kusiya Humambo Hwake United Kingdom. Chokwadi ndechekuti, ndichiri mudzidzi, Bayron akapindwa muropa nemitambo yemakadhi uye doro. Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti kuita kwakadaro kwakadaro kwagara kuri kuita zvakakura cutters mubhajeti risina kunaka raGeorge Baron. Akapedza chokwadi chekuti mudetembi akafunga kuti anongotiza kubva kumukweretesi uye anokweretesa aive akarasikirwa nemoyo murefu.
Pamwe chete neshamwari yake John Hobhivar akaenderera mberi nerwendo. Shamwari dzaiva kuona Greece, Spain, Portugal nedzimwe nyika. Mhedzisiro yakakura yerwendo yaive nhetembo "pilombia mwana Harold". Iyi inhoroondo yerudo yemufambi, iyo yakapfuura nekuora mwoyo munyika yakapoteredza uye akapona pakafuma yakazara yehudiki mazano epanyika. Ehezve, gamba guru renhetembo ndiko kuratidzwa kwemunyori, manzwiro ake uye vanhu.
Zvikamu zviviri zvekutanga-Harold zvakabuda muna 1812 uye pakarepo akapa nhetembo yakakurumbira uye kufarira kweruzhinji rwevanhu vakangwara. Makore maviri akatevera naBayron akashanda pane anonzi anonzi nhetembo dzeEast - "Lara", "Gyur", "Mwenga Abido". Aya mabasa akarasawo rudo rwevaverengi uye nekushingairwa.
Muna 1816, George Byron kuruboshwe England pakupedzisira. Panguva ino, mudetembi akakwanisa kungoburitsa chikamu chechitatu cheHarold uye nhetembo dzacho, asiwo riine mbiri isingazivikanwe uye nekuita shanje yemunhu wese ainyatsozviona sedetembi, asi haina kusvika kubwinya kwaBhaoni.
George Baron's amai vaGeoron vakatoenda kare hupenyu nenguva iyoyo. Naizvozvo, nhetembo yakakwanisa kutengesa chinyararire yeiyo generic estate nyowani, iyo yakamubvumira kwenguva yekukanganwa nezvezvinetso zvekunyama. Byron akagara mumusha weSwitzerland akanyarara, kubva pane dzimwe nguva akasarudzwa pane rwendo kutenderedza nyika.
Mushure menguva yakati, mudetembi zvakare akatama, panguva ino muVenice. Iri guta rinokweta bharoni zvekuti akanyora nhetembo dzinoverengeka dzakatsaurwa kuti venice. Pano akapedza kudzidza kubva kune cherechedzo rwiyo rwemberi kweHarold, uye muna 1818 akatanga kunyora nhetembo yaDon Juan, ayo anofona nevatsoropodzi uye vanonyatsodaidzwa chaizvo pabasa raIshe Baron. Iri basa rinosanganisira 16 nziyo.
Mukufanana neiyo Don Juan, Bayron akaramba achishanda pamusoro paHarold, uye akanyorawo nhetembo dzaMazapa uye nhetembo zhinji. Kazhinji, ino nguva, iyo yakabatana mu biography ye byron neukama nemukadzi wake waaida, akava anobereka kwazvo mazwi ekugadzira.
Nehurombo, "Don Juan", akavezwa sedzimwe nziyo dzevamwe 50, akaramba asina kupera. Vaverengi vaisaziva kuti mafambiro echiJudha akatungamirirwa, nekuti rwendo rweupenyu rwaIshe Bayron pachavo rwakasvika kumagumo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwega hwedepe uye muhupenyu, uye mushure mekufa kwakange kwakakomberedzwa nekufungidzira, kuwedzeredza uye nerunyerekupe. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nguva idzodzo dzinozivikanwa kuti dzizivikanwe Ishe Bairon kuyedza kwakaringana maererano nenyaya dzemwoyo, pamwe nemunhu anozvidza tsika dzakarembera.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti hanzvadzi yake yechidimbu yaAugust (mwanasikana wababa vake kubva kumuchato wekutanga) akava sarudzo yekutanga yedetembi. Kwapera gore, muna 1814, Bayron akapa mudiwa mutsva Anna Isabelle Milbbank. Musikana haana kubvuma kuroora mudetembi, asi akafara kutaura naGeorge mu mavara. Kwapera gore, Bayron akasarudza kubvunza zvakare maoko nemwoyo yeasina kunaka Anna. Panguva ino musikana akagamuchira mutsara uyu, achiva mukadzi wekutanga wenhetembi.
Mushure menguva yakati, mumwe wake akapa Bayrona Perennez - mwanasikana wegehena. Nehurombo, panguva iyo vaviri vaviri hukama hwanga hwatove kupaza pamhepo. Uye mushure memwedzi mishoma, Anna milbank akaenda nemwana ndokudzokera kumba kwevabereki. Mukadzi wacho akatsanangura chisarudzo chake nekusavimbika kwemurume wake uye maitiro ake asinganzwisisike, pamwe chete nehurombo hunogara uye kudhakwa kweBaron.
Pasi pehunhu husina hunhu, Anna zvaireva hukama hweungochani, iro panguva iyoyo England yakarangwa nerufu. Pakarepo mushure mekubva kwemukadzi wake, Ishe Byroni akabva munyika, achifamba rwendo.
Zvinokosha kuti mwanasikana waBharona gehena anonzi wekutanga programmer munyika. Zvinoshamisa kuti chidzidzo chakadai chakakwezva mukadzi wenguva iyoyo, asi chokwadi chinoramba chiri chokwadi, gehena rudo (uyo akatora surname yemurume wake) ndiyo yekutanga chirongwa cheComputer muchina wakagadzirwa naCharles Babid.
Muna 1817, Baron aive aine hukama hupfupi nemusikana anonzi Claire Clairmont, iyo hanzvadzi yeSoviet yemunyori Mary Shelley. Claire akapa mudetembi mwanasikana wechipiri. Musikana akadana neAllegre akafa aine makore mashanu ekukwegura.
1800 akapa hukama hweBaron nyowani hwakava nemufaro wenhetembi. Sarudzo dzeGeorge dzakave Teresa Guichchii. Panguva yekufambidzana naByron, mukadzi aive akaroora, asi akakurumidza kupatsanura mumwe wake uye akatanga kurarama pachena aine nhetembo, vasingatyi mafungiro eruzhinji. Nguva inoshandiswa naTeresa yaibereka Biamon maererano nekugadzira. Kusvika pakubuda kuGreek, mudetembi achararama nemudiwa.
Rufu
Muna 1824, George Byron akaenda kuGreece kunotsigira kumukira, akarongwa kubva mukutonga kweTurks. Mudetembi aigara mumatare uye anogunun'una pamwe chete nevapanduki. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro haana kudzora kukanganisa hutano hweBaron. Mudetembi akanhonga fivha inotyisa uye mazuva mashoma gare gare, Kubvumbi 19, 1924, akafa.
Vanachiremba vakavhura muviri wembira. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mamwe emitumbi akasarudzwa kuti afarire uye idzokere muchechi yemuno, iyo yakaitwa. Nekudaro, munguva pfupi izvi zvirongwa zvakabiwa. Mutumbi waIshe Baron akatumirwa kumusha kwetemberi uye akavigwa pedyo nenzvimbo dze sextsi reSext, uyo anga amboitirwa mhuri yake.
Kune midziyo mana kune mudetembi munyika: vaviri vacho vari muItari, mumwe kuGreek uye mumwe - muDanish Museum. Zvichida fan yose yenhetembo dzeBayron dzinotsvaga kutora mufananidzo padivi pebwe rembitoro.
BHAIBHERI
- 1806 - "Nhetembo kuti"
- 1813 - "Giur"
- 1813 - "Abidos Mwenga"
- 1814 - "Corsair"
- 1814 - "Lara"
- 1818 - "Mbiru yechibereko Harold"
- 1819-1824 - "Don Juan"
- 1819 - "Mazepa"
- 1821 - "Kaini"
- 1821 - "Denga nepasi"
- 1822 - "Werner, kana Nhaka"
- 1823 - "Zera Rendarira"
- 1823 - "Island, kana maKristu uye vaanoshanda naye"