Biography
Giuseppe Verdi (Rizere zita - Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi) - Great Italian composter. Mabasa ake ezvemimhanzi "pfuma" yeWorld opera Art. Kusimudzira verdi - kugumisa kwekusimudzira kweiyo yeItaly opera yezana ramakore re19. Kutenda kwaari, iyo Opera yakava iyo yaari ikozvino.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Giuseppe Verdi akaberekerwa mumusha mudiki weItaly weLo Roncole, pedyo neguta reBusstoo. Panguva iyoyo, nzvimbo ino yaive yeHumambo hwekutanga French. Nekudaro, mumagwaro epamutemo inyika yekuzvarwa kweFrance. Akazvarwa muna Gumiguru 10, 1813 Mumhuri ine mwero. Baba vake Carlo Giuseppe Verdi vaive neresitorendi yemuno. Uye amai veLuigi Uttini vakashanda naSya.
Kuda mimhanzi mukomana aratidza muudiki, saka chekutanga vabereki vakamupa musana - chishandiso chakakosha, chakafanana neHarpshin. Uye munguva pfupi akatanga kudzidza tsamba yemimhanzi uye kudzidza mutambo pane nhengo muchechi yemumusha. Mudzidzisi wekutanga aive mupristi Pietro Baystrokki.
Pamakore gumi nematanhatu, GiusEppe Little yakatanga kuzadzisa mabasa ezvipenyu. Pane imwe nguva mubasa, akaonekwa nemutengesi wepfuma werudzi rwaAntonio, akataura kubatsira mukomana kuti awane dzidzo yakanaka yemimhanzi. Kutanga, Veriya akatamira kuimba yaBreti, murume akamubhadharira mudzidzisi akanakisa, uye akazobhadharwa uye kudzidza jusevpe muMilan.
Pakati peino nguva, Verdi akatanga kufarira mabhuku. Kuda kunopa zvinyorwa zvemhando yepamusoro zveDante, Shakespeare, Schiller, goethe.
Mumhanzi
Pakusvika kuMilan, ari kuedza kupinda muchivokiti, asi anobva agamuchira kuramba. Izvo hazvina kutorwa nekuda kweiyo isina kukwana mwero wemutambo piyano. Ehe, uye zera, panguva iyoyo akange atova namakore gumi nemasere, akadarika vakaiswa pakutambira. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti ikozvino Milan Conservatory inonzi Giuseppe Verdi.
Asi jaya harurombowi, iye anochengetera mudzidzisi akavanzika uye anodzidza nheyo dzevanonyengedzera. Anoshanyira opera zviitwa, makomisheni ezvakasiyana-siyana orchestras, kutaurirana nebhomba remuno. Uye panguva ino, anotanga kufunga nezve kuve anoumbwa kune iyo theatre.
Pakudzosa Verdi kuenda kuBousete Antonio Bareti akaronga kutaura kwekutanga kune jaya muhupenyu hwake muhupenyu hwake, iro rakagadzirwa neiyo Fyery Sour. Mushure meizvozvo, Basi akapa Giuseppe kuti ave mudzidzisi wemwanasikana wavo Margarita. Nenguva isipi pakanga paine kunzwira tsitsi pakati pevechidiki, uye vaive neuto.
Pakutanga, basa raVerdi vakanyora mabasa madiki: Marches, romance. Chirevo chekutanga chaive che opera, kuverenga di San Bonifacilo, iyo yakaunzwa kune iyo Milane Viewer kuLa Scala Theatre. Mushure mekubudirira kwekubudirira neGiuseppe Verdi, chibvumirano chakasainwa kunyora maviri mamwe maOperas. Mumazwi ekubvumirana, akagadzira "mambo paawa" uye "NBucco".
Kugadzirwa kwe "mambo kweawa" kwakashorwa zvisina kufanira nevanoona uye kwakundikana, uye kubva kuNabucco, iyo yeNabucco, iyo yekudzora yemutungamiriri airamba zvachose. Yake yekutanga ichiri kuitika, asi makore maviri akazotevera. Uye iyi opera yaive nebudiriro inosemesa.
Kuna Verdi, uyo mushure mekukundikana kwe "mambo kweawa" uye kurasikirwa nemukadzi wake nevana kwaienda kunobuda mumunda wemimhanzi, Nabucco akava sip yemweya mutsva. Kuzivikanwa kwemugadziri akabudirira kunyudzwa shure kwake. "Nabucco" nekuti gore rakaiswa muTheater 65 times, nenzira, hazvisi kuzosvika pazvinhu zvepasi.
Iyi nguva muVerdi inogona kuratidzwa sekusika kwekusika. Mushure mekunge Opera Nabucco, muumbi akanyora mamwe mashoma oparesheni, izvo zvakanyatso sangana nemuongorori - "mahombodo" "uye" Ernani ". Gare gare, chirevo che "Lombard" chakaiswa muParis, zvisinei, nekuda kweizvozvo Verdi vaifanira kuchinja nenzira yekutanga. Chekutanga pane zvese, akatsiva magamba eItaly muFrench, uye mune yechipiri - yakatumidzwa nhema opera mu "Jerusarema".
Asi imwe yemabasa anozivikanwa kwazvo eVerda akave opera Rigoletto. Akange akanyorwa zvichienderana nekutamba kweiyo Hugo "mambo anoseka." Iye anofananidza aifunga nezve basa iri nechisikwa chake chakanaka. Iye mutariri wechiRussia anozivikanwa neRigletto pambiriro "Mwoyo weKwakanaka Unotsevha." Opera yakamisa zviuru zvenguva mumatareji akasiyana epasi. Aria yegamba guru, jester rigoletto, akaita Dmitry Hvorososovsky, Placido Domingo, VaMuslim Gomoyev.
Makore maviri gare gare, Verdi anonyora "traviata" pabasa re "Mukadzi naCamellia" Alexander Duma Jr.
Muna 1871, Giuseppe Verdi anogamuchira kurongeka kubva kumutongi weEjipitori. Anokumbirwa kunyora opera yeiyo Cairo Opera House. Iyo yekutanga yeiyo Opera "Aida" yakaitika musi waZvita 24, 1871 uye yakaendeswa kuchiverengerwa kweSuez canal. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa Aria opera - "Kukunda Marsh".
Muumbi akanyora 26 operas uye anodiwa. Mumakore iwayo, vaheaters vahedheni vakapinda munzvimbo dzese dzenharaunda, vese vairatidziridzira varombo. Naizvozvo, iyo ITLIans Giuseppe Verdi nenzira kwayo funga nezve "munhu" wevanhu ". Akasika mimhanzi yakadaro umo vanhu vari nyore veItaly vakanzwa zvavakaita uye tariro. MuVerdi mashandiro, vanhu vakanzwa kudanwa kwekurwisa kusarongeka.
Zvinokosha kuti ne "mukwikwidzi wake mukuru" Richard Wagner Giuseppe Verdi akaberekerwa mugore rimwe chete. Kusikwa kwevanyori hakuna kuvhiringidzika, asi ndizvo chaizvo izvo izvo zvinoonekwa sevanogadzirisa art art. Ehe, vanonyatsonzwikwa nezveumwe neumwe, asi havana kumbosangana. Nekudaro, mumabasa avo emimhanzi, ivo vaidanana vachiedza kubatana.
Nezve hupenyu uye basa reGiusevpe Verdi vaive mabhuku akanyorwa uye kunyange mafirimu akafemerwa. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa firiki yaive mini-akateerana renato castellini "Hupenyu Hwiyo Giuseppe Verdi", iyo yakaenda kune iyo skrini muna 1982.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1836, Giuseppe Verdi akaroora mwanasikana wake Margarita Brareti. Nenguva isipi musikana akabereka mwanasikana waVirginia Maria Louise, asi muhafu musikana wechikuru anofa. Mugore rimwe chetero, mwedzi wakambotangira, Margarita akazvara mwanakomana ICYOLLO ROMANDO, anofawo ari mucheche. Kwapera gore, Margarita anobva ku ecephalitis akafa.
At 26, Verdi akaramba ari oga: Akasiiwa uye vana nemumwe mukadzi. Anobvisa pekugara pedyo nekereke yeSanta Sabina, akaoma kupona pakurasikirwa uku. Pane imwe nguva, anotofunga kurega kunyora mimhanzi.
Mumakore makumi matatu nemashanu, Giuseppe Verdie akawira murudo. Mudiwa wake aive muiti weItaly opera Juseppin Streettoni. Kwemakore gumi, vaigara vachinzi "muchato" wehurumende, izvo zvakakonzera pfungwa dzisina kunaka munharaunda. Vaviri ava vakaroora muna 1859 muGeneva. Uye kubva kumitauro yakaipa, vakaroora vanosarudza kuvanda kubva kuguta - kuVilla Sant Agata. Nenzira, chirongwa cheimba chakagadzirwa neVerdi pachake, aisada kushandisa rubatsiro rwevagadziri.
Imba yakanga yakapfupi. Asi gadheni rakatenderedza villa yaive yakasvibira zvechokwadi: kwese kwese maruva nemiti yematare. Chokwadi ndechekuti Verdi nguva yemahara yaida kushandisa kurima gadheni. Nenzira iyi, mubindu rino, kunyorwa kwakaviga imbwa yake inodikanwa, ichisiya pakanyorwa kusirava kwake: "Chindiri shamwari yangu."
Juseppin yakazova yemugadziri mukuru museum uye rutsigiro muhupenyu. Muna 1845, muimbi anonyangarika izwi, uye anosarudza kupedzisa basa reOpera. Achitevera stretoni, yakafunga kuita uye verdi, panguva iyoyo mutambi watove akapfuma uye ane mukurumbira. Asi mumwe wake anomusiya murume wake kuti aenderere mberi nebasa rake remimhanzi, uye mushure mekutarisira kwake "hunyanzvi hwe opera hunyanzvi hwakasikwa - Rigoletto. Jeepin kusvika parufu rwake muna 1897 inotsigirwa uye yakafuridzirwa verdi.
Rufu
Ndira 21, 1901, Giuseppe Verdi yaive kuMilan. MuHotera yake, akarovererwa, kunyarara kwakaroja, asi akaramba achiverenga opera yeTosca opera uye "Bohemia" Pucchini, "Peak Lady" Tchikopini, Mazuva ese mauto akasiya mukuru mukuru, uye muna Ndira 27, 1901 haana kudaro.
Kuviga mutambi mukuru pane makuva makuva makuva milan. Asi mwedzi wakatevera, mutumbi wake wakabatanidzwa munharaunda yezororo remusha wevaridzi-muimbi, avo pane imwe nguva vakasika vanozvinyudza.
Shanda
- 1839 - "Wer, Count di San BonifAcio"
- 1940 - "Mambo kweawa"
- 1845 - "Zhanna D'Areka"
- 1846 - "Athila"
- 1847 - Macbeth
- 1851 - Rigoletto
- 1853 - "Trubadur"
- 1853 - "Traviata"
- 1859 - "Masquerade bhora"
- 1861 - "Simba Rekupedzisira"
- 1867 - "Don Carlos"
- 1870 - "Aida"
- 1874 - inodiwa
- 1886 - "Othello"
- 1893 - Fallstaff