Biography
Cardinal Richelieu kana tsvuku Cardinal Vakawanda vanoziva neAlexander Duma's Duma Bhuku "Vatatu Vacheche". Asi avo vasina kuverenga iri basa, pamwe vaitarisa skrini yake. Wese munhu anoyeuka hunhu hwake hwekunyengera uye pfungwa yakapinza. Unhu hwaRichelieu ndevapi pakati penyunyanzvi, vane sarudzo dzaro dzichiri kuita hurukuro munharaunda. Akasiya mucherechedzo wakakura kudaro munhoroondo yeFrance kuti nhamba yake yakaiswa mumutsara mumwe neNapoleon Bonaparte.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Yakazara zita Cardinal Arman jean du pleb de richhelie. Akazvarwa musi waGunyana 9, 1585 muParis. Baba vake Francoisu du plab de Richelie yaive yepamusoro mutongi muFrance, akashanda kuHenrich III, asi aive nemukana wekushandira herry en. Amai veSusanna de La Port Contence kubva kuGweta. Vabereki vacho vaive nemwana wechina. Iye mukomana aive nehama mbiri dzakura - maAinfoni neHinrich, uye hanzvadzi mbiri - Nicole naFrancoise.
Kubva ndichiri mudiki, mukomana akasarudzika nehutano husina simba, saka akasarudza kutamba mabhuku nevezera rake. Mumakore gumi akapinda muNavarre College muParis. Aive nyore kudzidza, nekupera koreji iye aive aine chiLatin, akataura muItari uye Spanish. Panguva imwechete iyoyo vakatanga kufarira nhoroondo yekare.
Arman paakanga aine makore mashanu, baba vake vakafa nefivha. Aive nemakore makumi mana nemashanu. Francois akasiya misa yemhuri yezvikwereti. Shure muna 1516, Heinrich III yakaunza chinzvimbo chaBaba Arman emweya wemweya, uye mushure mekufa kwake kwaingova chete sosi yemari yemhuri. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu, mumwe munhu aifanira kupinda muMweya weSan kubva kumhuri.
Pakutanga, zvakarongwa kuti gotwe ravanakomana vatatu Arman vaitevera tsoka dzaBaba uye dzichashanda paruvanze. Asi muna 1606 mukoma wepakati akaramba Bishopia ndokuenda kumamongi. Naizvozvo, na21, Arman Jana du plesi de Richeu aifanira kutora iyi fate. Asi pazera rakadaro, iro sanomweya harina kusimbiswa.
Uye zvakava chinhu chake chekutanga. Akaenda kuRoma kuna baba kuti vagadziriswe. Pakutanga akanyepa nezera rake, uye akagamuchira San, akapfidza. Nenguva isipi Richelieu akadzivirira dissertation yake yekudzidzisa paTheology muParis. Arman Jean du plab de Richelieleu akava muparidzi wedare. Heinrich iv anamudaidza kuti "bhishopi wangu". Ehe, kuswededzwa kwakadaro kuna mambo hakuna kuzorodza kune vamwe vanhu pachivanze.
Naizvozvo, munguva pfupi iri kuuya dare reruvare Richelieleu rapfuura, uye akadzokera kuDiocese yake. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, mushure mehondo dzechitendero, iyo Lesonskaya diocese yaive iri mushe mamiriro ezvinhu - varombo uye vakasvibiswa mudunhu. Arman akakwanisa kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Pasi pake kutanga, iyo katsi yakadzoreredzwa, iko kwekugara kwebhishopi. Apa Cardinal uye akatanga kuratidza vaanoshandura.
Zvematongerwo enyika
Muchokwadi, Cardinal Richelieu akasiyaniswa kubva ku "zvakaipa" zvakashata ". Aive ane tarisirisa uye akangwara wezvematongerwo enyika. Akaita zvakawanda zvekukura kweFrance. Gomba rake rakati rashanyirwa naPetro ini, akataura kuti aizopa gurukota iyi, kana akabatsira kubata hafu yechipiri. Asi Duma aitaura chokwadi pandakaonesa iyo Richelieleu muCovel neFan of Spy Intrigue. Cardinal yave muvambi wekutanga espionage network muEurope.
Richelieu anosangana naMaria Medici uye yaaimuda neKonchino Konchini. Anokurumidza kutora kuvimba kwavo uye anova mushumiri muhofisi yaMambokadzi-Amai. Iye anogadzwa nemutevedzeri wenyika general. Anozviratidza kuti anozvidzivirira zvido zvevafundisi anogona kudzorera kupokana pakati pemirayiridzo mitatu. Nekuda kwehukama hwepedyo uye hwekuvimba hwaMambokadzi, Richelieu ari kukonzera vavengi vazhinji kudare.
Makore maviri gare gare, Louis Xiiii, aive aine makore gumi nematanhatu panguva iyoyo, anokodzera kurangana kumurume waamai. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti richhelieleu anoziva nezve kuponda kwakarongwa kwekuguma, asi hakuyananise. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Louis anogara pachigaro cheushe, amai vakatumirwa kuChinyorwa kuimba yekutandarira yeblog, uye richelieleu - muna Leson.
Makore maviri gare gare, Maria Medicri anopunyuka kubva mukudzingwa kwake uye anovaka hurongwa hwekuparadzwa kweMwanakomana wake pachigaro. Izvi zvinoziva richhelieleu uye anova murevereri pakati peMedicri naLouis Xiii. Kwapera gore, chibvumirano cherunyararo chakasainwa pakati paamai vake neMwanakomana. Ehezve, gwaro rakanyorwa mugwaro uye kudzoka kwekardinal pachivanze chamambo.
Panguva ino inobheja kuna mambo, munguva pfupi inotevera anova mushumiri wekutanga weFrance. Munzvimbo ino yakakwirira, akashanda makore gumi nemasere.
Vazhinji vanotenda kuti chinangwa chikuru chekutonga kwake chaive kufumiswa uye chishuwo chisingaperi chesimba. Asi hazvisizvo. Cardinal aida kuita France akasimba uye akazvimiririra, akatsvaga kusimbisa simba roumambo. Uye kunyangwe Richelieu akatora San yemweya, akatora chikamu mumhirizhonga yese yemauto, iyo yakapinda muFrance panguva iyoyo. Kuti usimbise chinzvimbo chemauto enyika, kadhi remakadhi rakamuka kuvaka kwechikepe. Izvo zvakabatsirawo kukura kwehukama hwetsva hwekutengeserana.
Richelieleu akabata akati wandei ekuchinja kwekugadzirisa nyika. Mutungamiriri weFrance akarambidza Duel, akaronga zvakare positi system, akasimbisa machira akagadzwa naMambo.
Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha mumabasa ezvematongerwo enyika chezvinyorwa zvakatsvuka carinal yaive kudzvinyirirwa kweiyo yekukwira kwaHuguenev. Kuvapo kwesangano rakazvimirira rakazvimirira raive Richelieu kwete paruoko.
Uye kana muna 1627, ngarava dzeEngland dzakabata chikamu chemuChiye French Coast, Cardinal pachayo pachitorerwa nehutungamiri hwemushandirapamwe wemauto uye nhare yePurotesitendi yeLa Rochelle Fortress. Vane chiuru chimwe chete chiuru vakafa nenzara, uye muna 1629 kupera kwehondo iyi yechitendero kwakaiswa.
Cardinal Richelieu yakapa mukuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi, tsika nemabhuku. Munguva yekutonga kwake, kuberekwa kweSorbonne kunoitika.
Richelieu akaedza kudzivirira kutaurirana kwakananga kweFrance muhondo yamakore makumi matatu, asi muna 1635 nyika yakapinda murangariro. Hondo iyi yakachinja kuiswa kwemauto muEurope. France akabuda anokunda. Nyika yacho yakaratidza ukuru hwezvematongerwo enyika, hwehupfumi uye hwemauto, uye akawedzera miganhu.
Vateveri vezvitendero zvese vakawana kodzero dzakaenzana muumambo, uye pesvedzero yezvinhu zvechitendero pahupenyu hwenyika dzakasimba kwazvo. Uye kunyangwe iyo iyo tsvuku kadhiinari isina kurarama gore risati rasvika pakupera kwehondo, kukunda muhondo iyi kuFrance kunofanirwa kutanga pane zvese.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi waMambo Louis Xiii ndiye weSpanish Infanta Anna Austrian Inchanta. Realnessor yake yakagadzwa Cardinal Richelieu. Musikana uyu aive mucheka wakabikwa nemaziso ebhuruu. Uye kadhi remakadhi rakadanana. Nekuda kweAna, akagadzirira zvakawanda. Uye chinhu chekutanga chaakaita, saka zvakamurambidza mambo uye namambo. Hukama hweAnna naLouis hwakaoma zvekuti munguva pfupi iri kutevera mambo akarega kushanyira imba yake yekurara. Asi mushambadzi aenda ikoko, ivo vakapedza nguva yakawanda vachitaurirana, asi, sezvazvakaitika, Ana haana kuona manzwiro emakarini.
Richelieu akanzwisisa kuti France anoda mugari wenhaka, saka ndakafunga "kubatsira" Ana mune iyi nyaya. Izvi zvakamuendesa kunzungunuswa, akanzwisisa kuti mune iyi nyaya yeLouis zvirokwazvo "chimwe chinhu chaizoitika" uye mambo achava kadhikinari. Mushure meizvozvo, hukama hwavo hwakasimba zvakanyanya. Richelieu akagumburwa nokuramba, naAnna - chikumbiro. Kwemakore mazhinji, Richelielie haana kupa mambokadzi, aive achiisa kushaikwa uye kusvetuka kumashure kwake. Asi pakupedzisira, Cardinal akakwanisa kutora Anna naLouis, uye akazvara mambo wemazuva maviri.
Anna Austrian - Ndiwo manzwiro akasimba emakadhi. Asi pamwe akasimba seAnna, Richelieu aida katsi. Uye izvi chete zvisikwa zvinonhuwira zvakanyatso kusungirirwa pazviri. Zvichida chipfuyo chake chakakurumbira chaive chekati yakasviba Luciferi, akazviratidza pamakadhi panguva yekutambudzika kwake neuroyi. Asi mudikamwa waive Mariam - Katsi nyoro-chena-chena. Nenzira, Yake yekutanga muEurope ine katsi mune bread, yakaunzwa kubva kuAkra, akamudaidza kuti Mami-poinoni. Uye mumwe aifarira aive nezita re sumis, kuti mukushandura zvaireva "kunyanya maitiro ari nyore."
Rufu
Nezve autumn ya 1642, hutano hweRichelie hwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Kana mvura yokuporesa, kana kufungisisa ropa kwakabatsira. Iye murume anogara akarasikirwa nekuziva. Vanachiremba vakaona - Pureent pleurisy. Akaedza zvaakanakisa kuti arambe achishanda, asi simba rake rasara. Musi waDecember 2, Louis Xiiii ameneka akashanyira dysing rickel. Mukukurukurirana namambo weKardinal akazivisa mutsivi - vakave makadhi mazarini. Zvakare, nhume dzeAnna Austrian neGamasitoni maOleans aishanyirwa.
Haana kumusiya mumazuva ekupedzisira muzudo weDuches de Egiyon. Akabvuma kuti aimuda zvakanyanya munyika, asi aisada kufa pamaoko ake. Naizvozvo akabvunza musikana kuti abve mukamuri. Baba Leon vakauya kunzvimbo yake, vaitaura rufu rwekirini. Richelelete akafa musi waDecember 5, 1642 muParis, akamuviga muchechi iri munharaunda yeSorbonne.
Musi waDecember 5, 1793, vanhu vakakunda guva raRichelieu munhau yemaminitsi, vakapinda muguva muguva mune imwe nyaya yemaminitsi. Vakomana vari mumugwagwa vakaridza musoro mumusoro wekarinari, mumwe munhu akabvarura munwe waPernet, uye mumwe munhu akadhonza mask. Nekuda kweizvozvo, izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvitatu izvo zvakasara kubva kune wekuchinja kukuru. Nekurongeka kweNapoleon III, Zvita 15, 1866, zvinosara zvakanyatsovharwa.
Ndangariro
- 1844 - Vatatu "Musketeers", Alexander Duma
- 1866 - Roman "Red Sphinx", Alexandra Duma
- 1881 - Painting "Cardinal Richelieu paKuswa kweLa Rochelle", Henri Motte
- 1885 - Paint "zorora Cardinal Richelieu", Charles Edward Delor
- 1637 - "Triple Portrait of Cardinla Richelieu", Philip de Champagne
- 1640 - Painting "Cardinal Richelieu", Philip de Champagne
- 1939 - mutambo wechikepe "mumurume muSimbi Mask", James Waile
- 1979 - Soviet Series "D'Attagnan uye vatatu Musketeers", Georgy Jungvald-khilkevich
- 2009 - Chishamiso Chiitiko "Musketeers", Paul Anderson
- 2014 - Nhoroondo yetsoka "Richelieu. Jita neropa, henri elf