Biography
Iyo huru yeFrance Revolution yakatanga panguva yekutonga kweLouis Xvi. Yakanga iri munhu akazvipira, akatendeseka, asi, seizvo vanhu venguva yakati waroorwa, zvakapfava uye zvisingagamuchiriki, izvo zvisingagamuchiriki kumutongi. Aive akagadzirira kusiya zvisizvo, asi haana kutora matanho ekuchinja kwakanyanya. Kuurawa kwake kwaive kwekokorodzano yemutsara wetsvuku yeropa pakati poushe uye nehurumende itsva.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mambo wekupedzisira wekurongeka kwekare akaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 23, 1754. Iye aive mwanakomana waDofuse France Louis Ferdinand uye muzukuru weLouis XV - Mambo, makore ekutonga kwaakasvika kune imwe nzvimbo isina kumboitika.
Mukurerwa kwevana, muchinda nemuchinda haana kutevera tsika dzeyadhi. Louis Ferdinand aive muhukama hwakasimba nababa vake, akapomera mararamiro ake ekunyomba. Iye amene akange akanaka uye akazvipira. Doffin akamirira zvachose kukwirira kwake pachigaro. Nekudaro, haina kumirira. Akafa mumakore mapfumbamwe mwanakomana wake asati asvika, akatongerwa kuve akabatwa nekuvhunduka, akakwira chigaro.
Amai Louis Xvi - Maria Saxon, mukadzi wechipiri weDofina France. Mambo wenguva yemberi akawedzera nemwana akanyarara, akavhara. Rudo rwevabereki rwakatarisana nemunun'una wake. Nekudaro, Louis Ferdinand's Fod Fough's Raffrious yakanaka, asi yakaziviswa uye yakabiwa mukomana - inorwara ne tubableis uye akafa. Mwanakomana waDofina akava mugari wenhaka wechigaro cheushe. Achiiswa pane chokwadi chekuti akatora nzvimbo yemukoma wake, akamutevera kwemakore mazhinji.
Ramangwana Louis XVI vakapedza nguva yakawanda pamabhuku. Akachengeta rudo rwemusango uye mumakore akura. Zuva nezuva vanoita zvemasvomhu, nhoroondo, Latin. Mhedzisiro yemakirasi kaviri pasvondo yakaongororwa nevabereki vavo. Mukuwedzera, ivo vakakwezva munhu ane rudo, kururamisa, mutsa. Mushure mekufa kwaBaba, akatanga munhu wekutanga muversaille. Asi ipapo, kana mushure mekufa kwasekuru vasina kushandisa ruremekedzo kubva kuzvidzidzo.
World world of you louis yakaumbwa pasi pesimba remabasa achiparidzira kuenzana kwevanhu. Paakangoverenga bhuku rinonzi "Telemahs" dzePheneon. Nhoroondo yamambo, ine hanya nemufaro wenhau, akaita fungidziro pamusoro pomambo wenguva yemberi weFrance.
Nenguva isipi amai veLouis vakafa. Iye amene, akatapukirwa kubva munun'una aine tubblosis, airwara hupenyu hwake hwese. Kwenguva yakati, matare akatenda kuti aisazorarama kwenguva yakareba uye osunungura nzvimbo yechigaro cheushe chigaro cheushe.
Mambo weFrance weFrance akadzoka. Kunyange zvakadaro, yaive tefuyasha rinorwadza, rakaoma. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vechidiki Louis XVI vanozvitsanangura sejaya rakasvinuka rine kutambudzika, kusanzwisisika kuratidza munhu uye inzwi rakasimba. NaLouis xv, Dofi akarasika, zvaiita sekunge zvinotonyanya kutya.
Kuumbwa kwechimiro chemutongi yemberi kweFrance kwakafuridzirwa nenzvimbo, mabhuku. Uye humwe hukama naMaria Antoinetta. Dofin France akaroora iyo austria mambokadzi pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu.
Bourbon naHabsburg vakarwa kwemazana emakore ekutonga. Pakupedzisira, ivo vakaneta uye vakaziva kuti chishuvo chavo chisingaperi chinovhura mugwagwa uchienda kumadzishe matsva. Ipapo vapikisi vakaramba vachifunga zano rekuti rirege kubva kuhondo uye kumisikidza rugare. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nerubatsiro rwezvibvumirano zvemuchato zvakati wandei.
Muchato weDaupine pamunda weMushambadzi weAustria zvakakosheswa zvematongerwo enyika. Zvakanga zvakaoma kufungidzira imwe isiri-harmonic pairi. Asi hazvina kugamuchirwa nezve zvavanoda uye zvishuvo zvevanin'ina mhuri dzeumambo. Mushure mekurinda kweLush of Louis naMaria-Antoinette Pakati PeMetnasties, nyika yakatonga nyika.
Kutanga kwebhodhi
MunaApril 1774, mambo weFrance akangoerekana ainzwa chirwere. Akananga kumuzinda waTrianon, uko vanachiremba vakaisa kuongororwa kunoodza mwoyo: Opa. Maererano netsika dzeDare Renyika, Mutongi haarwadziwe, kana kufa haana kuve nerutivi rwedzinza. Akatakurwa kuenda kumuzinda mukuru. Musi waMay 10, 1774, mambo akafa. Louis Xvi akasimuka pachigaro.
Kuve Dofina France, Louis akapedza nguva yakawanda pakuvhima. Nekudaro, kuva mambo, kwechinguva akaramba makirasi ake anodiwa uye akatanga kutaura zviitiko maainzwisisa zvishoma. Mambo ane makore makumi maviri, semumwe wake wechidiki, akafarikanya rudo rukuru rwevanhu veFrance.
Kuona boka revanhu rakazara pamigwagwa yeParis mushure mekufa kwasekuru vake, Louis akanzwa mutoro wakakura uri pamapfudzi ake. Akapfuura zvakare "Telemach", uye akabva akumbirwa kubatsirwa kubva kumuchengeti wekare - kuverenga kwegungwa. Kwaive kukanganisa kwakanyanya kweMambo mudiki.
Gungwa raive raunogara riine 1749. Kwechikamu chezana ramakore, aive munhare yePonchartren. Vakaunganidza vaivhenekerwa, nhengo dzeParamende, physiocrats. Kuverenga kwegungwa yaive chimwe chinhu segrey cardinal. Nekudaro, aisakwanisa kubatsira mambo mudiki kuti agadzirise huwandu hwakati wandei.
Kwemavhiki ekutanga mushure mekufa kweLouis XV, vadhinke, maartist, vanyori nevaMutyairi vaive nenhamo zhinji: zviratidzo zvemabhuruke zvakawandisa zvaifanira kuitwa. Nemufananidzo weiyo blond Maria-Antointetti matambudziko mumaartist haana kumuka. Mambokadzi wechidiki uyu anga atove mumiririri wemafashoni, aionekwa semuenzaniso wemhando yehunhu. Zvakanga zvisiri nyore kupa iyo yehumambo yeMiaini yeLouis Xvi.
Mumufananidzo unoratidza mumiriri uyu weimba yeBourbon Dety, iwe unogona kuona mutongi anoshamisa. Asi chifananidzo ichi, maererano nezvakaitika kare, zvakashongedzwa. Louis yaive yakaderera, clumsy. Kubva pamakore ekutanga, ndaida kudya zvakasimba, nekuda kwekuti ini ndainzwa kuremerwa.
Artists aifanira kushoropodza mweya, achiratidza mumiriri mutsva weMonarch uye slim. Aizove mukunyara kukuru, uye pakanga pasina chinhu chaakatanga kutaridzika. Mune ndangariro dzechivanze, mumiriri weChivanze Chinotaurwa:
"Akamanikidzwa nebakatwa uye haana kumboziva zvekuita naye."Asafarire kune yehumambo etiquette uye mazano pamusoro pekuenzana akagadzira maitiro asina kutevedzera mutongi. Louis aigona kuoneka mumitambo yemitambo pasina suite. Akataura nekukurumidza, dzimwe nguva hutsinye. Asi chinhu chikuru, chisingafarire kwete makirasi ehumambo. Louis XVI aifarira bhizinesi remapombi, wachi yakanyangarika mumusangano weimba.
Mambo ari nyore, pasina murindi wehupenyu, aigona kusvika vanhu nekutaura nevarimi. Zvakakonzera kutsoropodzwa kwedare. Uye yakaomarara kupfuura kutongwa kwehupombwe hwekutangira.
Zvemukati uye zvekunze mutemo
Vanhu vanokurumidza kuparadzira runyerekupe pamusoro pekuvimbika uye chinangwa chakanaka chamambo. Chinhu chekutanga icho Louis XVI yakagadzirwa, yakatumirwa kuMadame Dubarry, favourt yemutariri wake.
Mambo akadzima basa rekutadza, akabvisa ropafadzo dzoushe, akaderedza mitengo yedare. Akaita shanduko yemari, akachinja kuita zvikamu zvese zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Mune izvi, akatsigirwa naVollers - Mutungamiriri uye tarenda nyika.
Mazano matsva haana kunge kana vafundisi. Vamiriri vemakirasi aya vakachengetwa zvakanyatsogadzirirwa ropafadzo dzadzo. Louis akatsvaga kuderedza kushungurudzwa, asi aisakwanisa kuzvidzora nekuda kwekusaziva kwake uye kupfava. Basa guru mukuita kwekushandurwa kwacho rakaridzwa neEconomist uye muzivi weTurgot.
Zvisinei, mambo aive akaoma kuramba hukudzo. Iyo turgo yaifanira kubviswa kubva pachivanze, mushure meizvokuita chiitiko chakatonga mumapepa emari. Mukurumbira weLouis zvakanyatsonaka kuparadza mambokadzi. Muzvinhu zvekunze, Louis aive akachenjera kupfuura sekuru vake. Nechisikigo, aive ane rugare rugare, mukunhanyi haana kurwira kukudzwa. Pakutanga kwebhodhi, akati:
"Handidi kupindira mune dzimwe nyika uye tinotarisira kuti havazondinetsa."Shanduko
Muna May 1789, musangano weGeneral States akaitwa. Iko kudikanwa kwekushandura simba rekare rainzi. Louis aigara achizeza, akatsigira zvido zvevanhu, zvido zvevakuru. Musi waJune 14, kukwidziridzwa kwakaitika muguta guru. Simba rakaenda kugungano reConstupent, mushure mezvo iwo monarch ragara muParis. Falcenery yave chikumbiro kubatsira kuAustria neSweden.
Pakupera kwaJune 1791, mambo, pamwe chete nemhuri yake, akapukunyuka pakuponesa. Mushure mekudzokera kuParis, aifanira kutora bumbiro idzva. Kutaurirana kunotevera kune masimba ekune dzimwe nyika kwakatungamirwa kukuparadzwa kwehutongi hwehutongi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mune biography yeLouis, matambudziko echisimba chepedyo anowanzotaurwa. Uye hazvisi zvekunyepedzera. Mumakore manomwe ekutanga ekuroora, mambo aisakwanisa kuita mabasa akaroora. Waini pazvinhu zvose, zvichienderana nezvikepe, Phimosis. Zvaigona kugadzirisa dambudziko chete mushure mekunge mambo akabvuma kuvhiya.
Kwete vamiriri vevamiriri vehumambo vaiziva nezve insolvency ye louis. Yaikurukurwa nemari yemizano, vashandi, kamers, macavaliers, maofficiers. Mambo akatonyanya kuvharwa. Haana kufarira kuparadza kwaMariya Antoinette. Asi iye aisanakidza, akanyadziswa, uye saka zvakava tisingazvidzivirire pamberi pemukadzi, zvikumbiro zvacho zvakakura zuva rega rega.
Muna 1778, mwanasikana akaberekerwa mumhuri yeumambo. Maria Teresa ndiye ega wevana veLouis, ayo asvika munhu mukuru. Mwanakomana wedangwe akafira mutampu. Iyo fate yemukomana wechipiri ichiri kutambudzika. Mushure mekuurayiwa kweLouis, vaJakobhoansmi vakawana kubva paLouis ane makore gumi ekupupurira kuna amai. Vakabva vapa mucherechedzo wevasina mwana. Akafa weTemberi, asi pamuviri wake, vanachiremba vakawana miti kubva mukurohwa. Mwanasikana mudiki Louis haana kurarama uye makore.
Rufu
Mazuva ekupedzisira eLouis Xvi akashandiswa akapfava. Musungwa muparungwa mumba yekutandarira, aive zvino ave kutariswa mambo chete kumhuri yake. Echo zviitiko zveParisia akauya kwaari, asi zvino akaita semuongorori weplyive.
Dare rakatanga munaDecember 1792. Mambo airatidza zvinoshamisa kubvisa uye kuzvivimba. Akanyatsoteerera kumutongo werufu. Musi waJanuary 21, gore rinotevera, Louis akakwira senge scacold. Mashoko ake ekupedzisira:
"Kanganwire munhu wese ane mhosva yekufa kwangu."Ndangariro
- Mukuremekedza Louis Xvi, iyo American City Liusville inonzi.
- MuNante, chifananidzo kuna mambo chinovakwa.
- Mufananidzo weMamongi weMamongi Ari Mufirimu "Maria-Antoinetta" (1938), "Nyika Itsva" (1982), "Kusvetuka" (1986), "Maria Antoinetta" (2006) .