Biography
ZHores AlfeRov ndeyekugara ngano yesainzi yemhuri. Masayendisiti ane zviwanikwa zvakave nheyo yekugadzira zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi. Nyika yedu haisisipo kufungidzira isina lasers, semiconducductors, maLED uye fiber optic tempks. Zvese izvi zvave kuwanikwa kuvanhu vanoenda kune zvigadzirwa zveJores alferov uye masayendisiti vadiki akaunza.Kukodzera kweRussia (munguva yakapfuura - Soviet) Fizikisi yakanyanya kuiswa mumakona ese epasi uye kunyange munzvimbo. Iyo Asteroid (3884) Alferov izita reNobel Mubairo Wekunze, dzidzo dzimba uye nhengo yekurumbidza yenzvimbo dzakawanda dzesangano.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Kuva neuyu musayendisiti kwakawira mumakore akaoma. Nyika yakachinja zvakanyanya kubva IVan Karpovich alföhrovrov naAnna Vladimirovna Rosenblum yakazvarwa muMhuri yeCommunisisis Ivan Karpovich. Mwanakomana weKuonaor Vabereki vakadana Marx (akafa mumazuva ekupedzisira eKorye-Shevchenkovsky Bothterd), uye worini akagamuchira zita rekuremekedza jean zhorses, mutungamiri wevanhu veFrance Socialists.
Akazvarwa munaKurume 15, 1930 muViteBsk, mwana asati abatsira kuisa pamwe chete nevabereki veongororo, Novosibirsk, Barnauul uye Sizhstroy. Kana mhuri yaAlferova yakaramba ichizorarama muBelarus, nyika yeNyika iyi inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya, uye pasina kudzidza nezvake. National Anna Rosenblum rangano raizove nechikonzero chekufa naamai, uye Mwanakomana achibva mumaoko evaNazi.
Makore eHondo Yenyika yechipiri mhuri aigara mudunhu reServdlovsk, asi kazhinji dzidza kubva pachikoro kuenda kune imwe yemangwana musanganisi panguva iyoyo hazvina kuitika. Nekudaro, pakudzokera kuMinsk, Zhores akakurumidza kutengesa nguva yakarasika. Chikoro chapera nemenduru yegoridhe. Iye zvino chikoro ichi chinonzi Gymnasium №42 uye akapfeka zita remudzidzi akakurumbira.
Mudzidzisi Fizikisi Yakov Borisovich Melcornzon akacherekedza kugona kwejaya uye akakurudzirwa kupinda pane iyo simba reblenty yeBelarusech. Kufunga nedenderedzwa rezvesainzi, Alferov akaendeswa kuLeti. Muna 1952 akatanga basa rake resainzi.
Sainzi
Iye akapedza kudzidza aishuvira kushanda muFiztek ari pasi pekutungamira kwaAbraha Fedorovich iife. Iyo pwere-technical institute yaive mune yehondo-yehondo ngano. Mukuseka, akanzi "Kindergarten IOFE" - Yakanga iripo kuti mudiki Landau, Semenuv naKapika vakakura. Ikoko, ZHores Ivanovich yakava chikamu chechikwata chakagadzira yekutanga soviet transisters.
Vanotengeserana vakava dingindira remumiriri wekuvhiringidza kwesisiti yechidiki. Pashure pacho, Zhores Ivanovich akachinjika kuChidzidzo cheHeterostures (maCrystals) uye kufambisa kwechiedza uye mamwe marudzi erimende mavari. Mubharabhoritari yake yakashanda nevalers, atove muna 1970, nzvimbo yekutanga yeSolar yakatanga kugadzirwa ipapo. Vakashongedzerwa satellite, ivo vakapa magetsi emagetsi chiteshi "rugare".
Makirasi esainzi inoshandiswa akaenderana nebasa rekudzidzisa. Zhorez Ivanovich mabhuku nezvinyorwa. Akatungamira department of optoelectronics uye vadzidzi vakasarudzwa vega. Vadzidzi vechikoro vanosungirwa vane tsika vakapinda hurukuro dzayo dzegore nepafuma "nehupenyu".
Iye zvino payunivhesiti yunivhesiti, iyo isingagumi yeiyo yezires is alfers, inoshanda iyo lyceum "chikoro chemuviri uye chehunyanzvi." Iyo lycum ndiyo yakadzika nhanho yesainzi uye yedzidzo institution, iyo inosanganisira nzvimbo ine simba rekutsvagisa. Kudzidza kunoona ramangwana resainzi yeRussia muLycenists.
"Ramangwana reRussia nesainzi uye tekinoroji, uye kwete kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa. Uye ramangwana renyika harisi reOligarchs, asi kune mumwe munhu kubva kuvadzidzi vangu. "Iyi quote kubva mukutaura kweruzhinji kweJorees Ivanovich inoratidzira kutenda kwesainzi mukukunda kwepfungwa dzinoziva pamusoro pekuchiva kwekupembera.
Hupenyu Hwako
Zvichida budiriro yesainzi yekutanga yesainzi yakabatsira pakutadza kwehupenyu hwake. Muwanano yekutanga yeZivings Ivanovich yakawira pasi nekukanda. Mukadzi akanaka, achibatsirwa nehama dzesimba dzeGeorgian, akakurudzira murume wake nekurambana kwefurari yefurati. Asi chete mudhudhudhu uye clamshell yakaramba iri munzvimbo yeAlferov, iyo yaakasara husiku mukurambidza murabhoramu. Kubviswa kwehukama kwakatungamira pakurasikirwa kwakazara kwehukama hwaBaba vake nemwanasikana wake.
Masayendisiti yechipiri akaroora chete muna 1967, uye imba iyi yaramba muedzo wenguva. Pamwe chete naTamara Karores Zhores vakaunza mwanasikana wake Irina nemwanakomana chaiwo weIvan. Kuzvarwa kweMwanakomana kunoenderana nechimwe chiitiko mu biography - kugamuchira iyo lenin mubairo. Vana vakareba, Zhores Ivanovich akakwanisa kuve sekuru. Ane muzukuru maviri uye muzukuru.
Makore apfuura
Chiremera chesayenzi munyika yeWornational Science zvinoenderana nemapepa emasayenzi anopfuura mazana mashanu emapepa uye anenge zana ezvigadzirwa. Asi zviitiko zveNobel Laureate hazvina kungogumira kune fizikisi. Muzhizha ra 2017, mumadziro eYunivhesiti yeSamara, vanodzidza vanoverenga hurukuro yakazaruka pane nyaya iyi: "Albert Einstein, socialism uye nyika yemazuva ano," izvo zvakaratidza nyaya dzekudyidzana pakati pemasayendisiti nevatongi.
Mukutaura kwake, musayenzi anonzi mamiriro ezvinhu eSainzi muRussia anotyisa uye akavhotera kodzero dzeAcirmy yeRussia yemasainzi pane vanozvishandira uye nemari yakanaka. Masayendisiti akatenda kuti nyika inofanirwa kupa vagari vemo nemishonga yemahara, dzidzo uye pekugara, uye zvikasadaro chimiro ichi hachina basa.
Zhorez Ivanovich akabatanidzwa zvakananga muhurumende manejimendi. Shure muna 1989, akasarudzwa neUSSR Pfungwa dzaVatendi kubva mune yekudzidzira sainzi. Kubva ipapo, mudzidzo wacho waigara wakasarudzwa kuRussia Duma, nekushingairira kudzivirira zvido zvesainzi uye vagari vemo.
MunaAugust 2017, Forbes Journal akatendeukira kuZhors Alferov mune zana rakanyanya kujairika rusununguko rwezana remakore rapfuura. Pasinei nezera rakasimba, iyo Nobel Laureate pane vhidhiyo uye pikicha yakataridzika kufara uye kuvimba.
Rufu
Musi waKurume 2, 2019, Zhores AlfeRov akafa aine makore makumi masere nemasere. Vatori venhau, munyori wemusoro wechipatara chedzidzo yeRussia yeScience Oleg chagunava, iyo kufa kweiyo Nobel Laureate yakava acomed Cardiovary uye Pulmonary kukundikana. Pamwedzi wealfers, mwedzi yakati wandei yakaonekwa nevarapi nekunyunyuta nezve hypertension.Sangano remariro revayedzo vane mukurumbira vakatora mubato reCommunist.
Awards uye kubudirira
- 1959 - Kurongeka "Kukudza Chikwangwari"
- 1971 - iyo menduru ye Stuart Ballandine (USA)
- 1972 - LenIn Mubairo
- 1975 - kurongeka kwemabhanyi akatsvuka
- 1978 - Huglet-Pakcardia Mubairo (European Yenharaunda Yenharaunda)
- 1980 - Kurongeka kweGumiguru Revolution
- 1984 - USSR State Mubairo
- 1986 - Kurongeka kweLenin
- 1987 - Goridhe Meda of Heinrich Velker (Symposum on Gaas)
- 1989 - Iyo Karpinsky Mubairo (Germany)
- 1993 - Xlix Mendeleevsky Reader
- 1996 - Mubairo wainzi A. F. IOFI (RAS)
- 1998 - Honorary Dr. SPBGUP
- 1999 - kuraira "kwekukodzera kuenda ku samburland" III degree
- 1999 - demidov mubairo (sainzi demidov Fund)
- 1999 - goridhe menduru yainzi A. S. Popova (RAS)
- 2000 - Nobel Prize (Sweden)
- 2000 - Order "for Merit to Abilyland" II Degree
- 2000 - Nick Hollyaka Mubairo (America Optical Society)
- 2001 - kurongeka kweFrancis Skorne (Belarus)
- 2001 - Kyoto Mubairo (Japan)
- 2001 - Mubairo v. I. Vernadsky (Ukraine)
- 2001 - Russian National Olympus Award. Zita rekuti "ngano murume"
- 2002 - Mubairo wenyika yeRussia Federation
- 2002 - Goridhe Medal Spie
- 2002 - Mubayiro "Goridhe Plate" (USA)
- 2003 - Kurongeka kwe Prince Yarosolav Choc D Washington (Ukraine)
- 2005 - Kurongeka "kwekukodzera ku Abraland" i degree
- 2005 - International Energy Prize "simba repasi rose"
- 2008 - zita remusoro uye menduru yemurofesa wekuremekedza eMFTI
- 2009 - iyo kurongeka kweshamwari dzevanhu (Belarus)
- 2010 - Order "for Merit to Sambara" IV Degree
- 2010 - Medal "yemupiro kune kukudziridzwa kweNanoscience neNanootechnology" kubva kuUSACO
- 2011 - Musoro "Honorary Dr. Russian-Armenia (Slavic) Yunivhesiti"
- 2013 - International Karl Boaer Mubairo
- 2015 - kurongeka kwaAlexander Nevsky
- 2015 - Gygjevi Nizami Goridhe Medal (Azerbaijan)
- 2015 - Musoro we "Honorary purofesa mim"