Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Pirates ndeimwe yemavara anonyanya kurwadzisa mavara. Izvo zvinhu zvekuverenga nhoroondo ndezvekudaro kuti pira raivapo kubva panguva yekachiremba wekutakura. Muedzo wechiedza chiedza chinotungamirwa nevatambi uye vakamanikidzwa kuenda kunopamba. MuGreek yekare, izwi rekuti "lestes" rakashandiswa, vachirondedzera vanhu vakagadzira piracy.
Munguva yeguva yeGreat Greathitiacal yakawanikwa, huwandu hwekurwiswa kwengarava kwakawedzera, nzira dzakawanda senge nzira dzaionekwa. Imwe yekutaura nezvevamwe varunguta vakatungamira vafambi uye vatengesi vanotyisa. Biography yevanhu vakadaro vakafuridzirwa maartist, kusanganisira munyori Robert Lewis Stevenson. Hunhu hwebasa rake "Kapfuma Chitsuwa" John Flint Gamba rokunyepedzera, uyo aive nehupamhi chaihwo.
Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Azart, adventures uye kudanana kwekufamba kwakafukidzwa kwakadzika kubva muzana ramakore rechigumi nematanhatu, kubva panguva yekusimudza ngarava yeBritish. Vakuru vakatanga kubatsirwa nemabhandi, kuronga kutonga pamusoro pemakoroni uye kurwisa nyika dzinokwikwidza: France, Holland neSpain. Pirate Flotillas aive akavakirwa pazvitsuwa zvegungwa reCaribbe uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaita kutyisidzira kunyika. Zvirongwa zvehondo dzezvematongerwo enyika zvaizivikanwa nekutenda kumapepanhau, makuhwa nemabhasiketi, uye zvakava vavariro inoratidzika yemitambo ye boyish.
Original Stevenson akarongwa zita rekuti Novel "Gungwa reGungwa, kana Chitsuwa cheChitsuwa cheChitsuwa uye Chinyorwa Chakaunzwa. Semutambo wevachiri kuyaruka umo munhu wese aigona kuita zvekufungidzira kwake. Munyori akaverenga zvirevo zvemhuri uye akagadzirisa, achitarisa pane zvakataurwa nezvedzimba.
Deme yemitambo yakawira pasi pevhavha yevana veiyo nguva. Magamba ebasa asina kuoma: Billy Bon, John sirivheri, kapireni firt. Iyo purogiramu yaisanganisira zvinonakidza madzikiso, tsanangudzo dzekufamba, hondo nembudzi. Iye munyori haana kuregeredzwa nekugadziriswa kwechiito, chiyero chekuvandudza zviitiko uye shanduko yenzvimbo. Kubatana kwenguva, nzvimbo uye chiito chinopa kunzwa kwechokwadi.
Iyo shooter Stevenson yakaita mukomana akatarisa achiitika kunze uye panguva imwe chete iyoyo aimbove mutambi akananga ezviitiko. Akatungamira nyaya yemunhu wekutanga, ichiputira manzwiro emwoyo wose uye pfungwa dzinoshingairira. Iye mukomana anoderedza kushandiswa kwezvirevo mukutaura, kutaura nezve zviitiko, mavara ekukurukurirana uye achibvumira nzvimbo dzekutungamira uye kutenderedza nyika uye kutenderedza magamba.
Iyo prototype yechifananidzo chemutungamiriri yaive munhu chaiye wenhoroondo uyo akatanga kuoneka mumabhuku emapeji ebasa reM. Whitehead "hupenyu hwechirungu uye pirates." Pierre Mc Orlan anotaura nezve pirate mubhuku renje racho "nhoroondo yepasirese yemabhora uye kufa kwakakudzwa nePreates yakakurumbira."
Vanotsvaga vanotenda kuti prototype yaKapteni Firt akashumirwa seEdward Tich pane iyo zita reNicknamised Butard. Biography yake inobata. Pirate akaberekerwa muBristol muna 1680. Upwere hwake hwakakomberedzwa nechavanzika, asi kutonga nerunyerekupe, tik hwaionekwa uye hwaive nedzidzo, izvo zvinoratidza zvakanaka.
Maererano nengano, tich yanga ichishumira mutyairi mungarava panguva yehondo neSpain. Muna 1717, akabatana neKaps akarwa nemafirates, ndokushandura rutivi uye akamira munzira yematsotsi. Nekufamba kwenguva, akabata chikepe chinonzi "kutsiva mambokadzi Anna", uye mureza mutema wakaonekwa pane mberi yemidziyo. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, zita renzvimbo dema rakazivikanwa kune vafambisi vechikepe.
Pirate yaive deft uye hop. Akabira muedzo wakakura, akamwa mumunwe wevafambi, akabayira zviremera. Muna 1718, ngarava yeBritish yakatumirwa kuKutarwa kwePirate. Mune duel, tich yakarasika uye akaurayiwa. Zvinoda kuziva kuti muRevenson yeRoma inotsanangura Israeri maoko. Uyu hunhu chaihwo, pirate mune nhema ndege gang.
Mufananidzo uye zano
Kaputeni firt, gamba reNove Yechokwadi "Pfuma Island", akamira munzira yekusazvibata pahuduku hwake. Mwanakomana woMutongi Akashanda Maonero paBarbados Katoru, akapotsa aona Baba. Mushure mekuchinja kwesimba, baba vaFlint vakagamuchira block yepasi pachitsuwa, vakaroora uye vakatanga mhuri. Mutungamiriri aive mwanakomana wechitatu uye aive netariro inoratidzika.
Aigona kuva murimi kana ngarava, asi hondo neSpain yakamudzivirira. Paakangobiwa uye akapiswa nekupiswa neSpaniard Vongororo, akauraya mhuri yose yedhiri. Wechidiki achiri kukwanisa kumirira kukomba, shure kwaizvozvo akave bukanener uye akarwa nedzimba dzekuSpanish.
Sesirivheri, dombo raishandisa amnesty mamiriro kuti utore ngarava. Zvirongwa zvake zvaisanganisira kubatwa kweakaravha sirivha, kana kuba nzvimbo dzekugara. Akadana "Morzha" akagamuchira zvisina kufanira. Pasinei nekuzivikanwa kwakasimba, dombo raive nerunyararo rurongo: zvakaratidzwa mukunzwira tsitsi mhuka. Pachiteshi chake, mhuka dzinovarairirwa hadzina kujairika.
Zvinoenderana neungano, kaputeni flint vakapisa pfuma pachitsuwa chiri kumavirira indies. Ma plates matanhatu akamubatsira uye akaurayiwa, zvekuti chakavanzika hachina kupararira. Sechiyeuchidzo chenzvimbo iyo pfuma yakavanzika, chitunha chakaramba chiri pachitsuwa, ane maoko akanongedzera kukudzwa kunonzi gomo rakatsiga. Kuyera gomo pamepu flint yakarongedzwa pfungwa yayo. Gare gare, chirongwa chakapihwa kuvheneka kwechikepe bons bons, uye mushure mekufa kwake - Jim Hawkins.
Flint aisatya vavengi, vanokwikwidza uye vanovhima pfuma. Chete zita remukuru wepamuri John sirivheri haina kumupa rugare. Iyo yekupedzisira parrot yaipfeka zita rekuti "kaputeni firt".
Kaputeni haasi iwo makuru ekuita kumeso kwechinyorwa, ipfupi muhurongwa. Mukuongorora, hunhu hwemunyori hunowedzerwa nechitarisiko chekuona.
Kuzvidzivirira
Bhuku rinonzi "Treasure Island" haisati yasimudzwa uye kuiswa kune vateereri sebasa rakawanda. Muna 1934, vagadziri vechiAmerican vakaunzwa kuburitswa kune veruzhinji, masangano makuru ayo Wallece Biri naOtto Kager vakaitwa.
Muna 1937, bhuku racho rakavharirwa muSoviet Union. Osip abdulov akaridza sirivha, uye Nikolai Cherkasov - Billy Mabons.
Walt Disney akataura nezve bhuku ra1950.
Muna 1971, Boris Andreev akamhanya pane zvimedu zveSoviet of John sirivheri.
1982 yakaunzwa kuSoviet Cinema Film, iyo ichiri kukwezva vateereri vevana nevechikuru. Vatambi nemisangano vanochengetedzwa mundangariro yevateereri. Fyodor Feor Feder akatamba mu cinema of Jim Hawisov - Silver, Silver, Leonid Markov - Burid zons, uye Valery zons
Muna 1988, akawedzera kutevedzana kwekududzira kwedudziro-yemitambo firimu. Pakati pevatambi vanonzwika mavara ndeaya: Armen Dzhigarkhanyaan and Yuri Yakovlev.
Muna 2014, vatariri vakaona yekutanga yeAmerican Multi-Stepre Firimu "Saizi Dema". Performance yeToby Stevens Flint Seriya Sailor, ane Chipfeko chake chinosimbisa kurwisa kwake mood. Sekureva kwemutungamiriri, gamba rakanga rine ngochani, neShungu yainzi Thomas Hamilton.