Biography
Landau Landau (yeshamwari ini ndinongodhara) - Iyo Svonet Soviet Physicist Rondedzero, mubairo weNobel mubairo, uri pakati pehukama hwakatanhamara hwezana ramakore rechi20. Aifarira zvese - kubva kuimba yeAtomic Nucomic isati yadzoka yevana. Landau akasara kumashure kwakawanda zviwanikwa - ino ndeye yakawanda-vhoriyamu yesainzi inoshanda mufizikisi, uye mazana aLabel Aphorisms, uye dzidziso yakakurumbira yemufaro. Akashoropodza hurongwa hweSoviet nekuda kwekusununguka kwerusununguko uye panguva imwechete yakatarwa nhoo yekudzivirira yeHurumende.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Revhitiko Davivovich Landau akaberekwa muna Ndira 22, 1908 muBaku, achiri mudiki aiitwa pano. Pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, guta raikudziridza nekukurumidza, rakanga riri remafuta uye rakagadziriswazve mafuta, guta guru raive rekudyara zvizvarwa zvaNobel naRothschild. Pakati pevamwe vatama vekubasa vakasunungurwa kubva Mogiilev uye vabereki vevabereki venguva yemberi.
David Lvovich Landau akabata hofisi yemufuta muClaspian kambani yeCasnian-dema uye akaita basa resainzi uye rakashandiswa mune nyanzvi, rakabudiswa musainzi resainzi.
Rudo rweVeniaminovna Garkavi-Landau (Nee Bluum-Cyrrh Garkavi) akapedza kudzidza kubva kuChikadzi Chekurapa Institute mu St. Petersburg. Pasinei nokuroora uye kuberekwa kwevana (shumba yaive nehanzvadzi yeSofya), akashanda sachiremba, akadzidzisa uye akadzidzisa uye akazvibata zveveruzhinji.
Vabereki vaive vaJudha neNyika, saka, pazera rechigumi, mwanakomana akazivikanwa mumitambo yechiJudha yekurovedza yechiJudha, uko Amai vaitungamirirwa nesainzi yakasikwa. MuBAKU, iyo diki Anti-Semitic Guta rePre-Revolutionary Russia yaive nzvimbo yedzidzo yakadaro. Gwaro rekukura rakakura rakakwenenzverwa rakapetwa nemakore gumi nemaviri, mushure memakore maviri akasarudzwa kuti vadzidzise kudzidza kwehupfumi hwechikoro.
Pakazosvika makore gumi nemana, achiri kuyaruka aisave nenguva yekusarudza kusarudzwa pakati pemasvomhu nemakemikari, saka akapinda mune miviri yeyunivhesiti pakarepo. Mumakore ano, Hondo yaive muCaucasus. Nekudaro, hondo uye kuwanda mumigwagwa hazvina kukanganisa Landau kubva pakufunda.
Pakazosvika 1924, mudzidzi akasarudza fizikisi yehupenyu hwake uye akashandurwa muYunivhesiti yeLeningrad. MuLeningrad, jaya racho raigara munondo yake Mary Lvovna braud. Gare gare, vabereki vevaenzi vakatamira ipapo gare gare.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mujaya rekutanga, Landau akatenda kuti muenzi uyu haafanire kuputa, kunwa uye kuroora. Nekudaro, kuvimba mundima yekupedzisira yeiyo karkivchanka yeConcordia terentievna droshansev, avo vaigara neAcademician kurufu rwake kwazvo. Vakaroora vaigara pamwe chete kubva muna 1934, uye pamberi pekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana, vakanyoresa muchato wepamutemo. Igor Lvovich Landau (1946-2011) Akaenda munhasi dzaBaba - akashanda mumunda wedzidzo dzakaderera fiziki.Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwehunyanzvi hwakakamurwa kuita chikamu chinoshanda uye dzidziso. Landau akafunga nezvewanano yemubatanidzwa, izvo zvisina hukama zvakananga nerudo. Kuti vasiye kusabvisa nhema uye negodo kubva kuupenyu hwemhuri, Dau naCora Drogantseva vakapinda muchibvumirano chemuchato chemuchato - "chibvumirano chehupenyu hwevakaroora." Chibvumirano chaireva hukama hwemahara hwevakaroorana uye hauna kurambidza kurara padivi.
Makore gumi nemaviri asangwazana nehasha muhupenyu hwesainzi, mauto akatanga kuoneka, zvaakaudza mukadzi wake nokutendeseka. Muroora, hukama hwakadaro nemudiwa hwakapihwa nekunetseka. Maererano neBark, iye kunyange pachake akaedza kutanga kushamisika kudivi, asi zvaisakwanisa.
Iyo inonyangarirwa kuti kwaive nemano mashanu anopenya muupenyu hwaLandau. Zvakangodaro, mukadzi chete aive aine Lvom DavidVovich aive kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwake, akazova bark of drisev. Hukama hwemurume wake nemukadzi gare gare aive akazvipira kuRwiyo rwevhi "kupfuura rudo."
An Amateur kuyera uye kuverenga uye kuverenga, iyo Physicist uye kune vanhu vaishandisa maitiro akafanana. Akakamura vasikana uye masayendisiti kuzoraswa zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwake. Semuenzaniso, chikamu chinokwezva chevakomana kana vakadzi, akapatsanura zvakanaka, akanaka uye anonakidza. Vamwe vakasara kumakirasi "anotsiura kuvabereki" uye "nekudzokorora kuurayiwa."
Revhitiko Revelvvich akaunza mamiriro ezvinhu zvakasikwa emufaro, izvo zvaisanganisira matatu makuru akasiyana - basa, rudo uye kutaurirana.
Hunhu hwehunhu hweAcademician vakaputika meme "zvakadaro akanzi Landau." Mamwe madhiri kubva munhoroondo yake "akapinda mukati mevanhu" uye akatendeukira kuEphhosms. Semuenzaniso, maonero ake pakurera achinyatsoratidza mutsara uyu:
"Kana ukasapa mwana kumwana uye kubva mangwanani kusvika husiku, chimwe chinhu chinomuzivisa, iye acharamba akashungurudzika uye aonda."Sainzi
Wakatove mumakore gumi nematanhatu, Landau pasi pehutungamiri hweAbraha Fedorovich Iofo Dzakewo nheyo dzehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutora. Vadiki Fizikisi vakatumira kuEurope kuti vaenderere mberi nedzidzo yavo. Drauproof akabhadhara hafu yegore rekufamba, iyo imwe mari yacho yakapa iyo Rockefeller Nheyo yekurudziro yeNiels Bora. Mupikicha kubva kune mharidzo yesainzi yenguva idzodzo, iwe unogona kuona kukwirira kwakanyanya kwejaya rine brown kapepa uye maziso anopisa, izvi ndizvo zvino.
NaBirok, mudzidzisi wake oga (maererano naDau pachake), murume wacho akashanda muCopenhagen. Albert Einstein, Max Akazvarwa, Werner Geisberg, Peter Kapitsa - vanhu vese avo vakanyora mazita avo muzvinyorwa zvinyorwa, vakararama uye vakashanda panguva imwe. Mushure mekuongorora masayendisiti eEuropean munzvimbo yekugara yomuzvarirwo, kushanda nevadiki vadiki, Landau vakadzokera kuLeningrad.
Iyo pwere-technical Institute inova pedyo nenyeredzi mbiri dzezvetsika dzepasi, uye dow muna 1932 inosiya "kindergarten yeIio" uye inoenda kuguta reSoviet - Kharkov. Ikoko, Landau akaisa nheyo dzekudzidziswa kwedzidziso yefizikisi kamwechete mumatanho matatu. Masayendisiti akazvidaidza kuti akadana mutezo wekupedzisira wefizikisi-zvakasikwa.
Iyo genus yebasa rake yakawedzera zvese zvetsiva fizikisi, kubva kuHydrodynamics kune huwandu hwehuwandu hwekutanga. Mushure mekudzingwa mukutanga kwa1937, sainzi akaenda kuMoscow kuti atungamire Dhipatimendi reTheoreti yeNew Institute yezvinetso zvemanyoro.
Landau akashanda kuti arege kuve munhu anopomerwa "UFFTI nyaya", panguva yekusungwa kwake vakasungwa uye vakapfura. Asi maoko eNKVD akasvika kune vashandi veiyo IFP. Muna 1938, Landau anga ari kuferefeta kuti afare-soviet kushungurudzika. Nhaurwa dzake nezve fascism muUSSR dzakanzwisiswa nevakuru vanokwanisa sekufona kuti udzikamise chivakwa chemagariro munyika.
Zvakangodaro, kusungwa kwakaitika kune fizikisi zvisingatarisirwi. Yakatorwa usiku, kurwara zvakanyanya, nekudziya kwakanyanya. Akazoyeuka musayendisiti, aisamhanyira kujeri kweanopfuura gore, asi haana kumbotaura nezvekutambudza. Revhitiko Rwovenvich rakabudiswa chete nekutenda kune chikumbiro cheNiels Bora uye kurongeka kweKapitsa. Dzinogadzirwazve "Agitator" muna 1990.
Mushure mekusunungurwa kweLandau nemusoro wake kwakapinda mubasa resainzi. Akange achiita tembiricha yakaderera, kusanganisira superconductivity uye superfolidenity. Iye murume aipindawo muchiitiko cheSoviet Atomic, kudzidza iyo core yeatomu nemhando dzemaradio radiation. Akadzidza nzvimbo, plasma uye makemikari maitiro maererano nefikiti yezvikamu zvekutanga.
Landau akasangana nevadzidzi vane tarenda vakamupoteredza, pakati pavo Alexander componet, Evgeny Holiits, Alexey apricos, Shumba Gorki nevamwe vanomira. Wadhi yaLeo Davidvich akamudaidza vana, uye vadzidzi vavo vazukuru. Iyo yekudzidza yakaratidza imwe mwero wekudzidzisa vadzidzi. Vadzidzi vake vakasungirwa kupfuudza bvunzo pfumbamwe pane dzidziso.
Pfupiso ipfupi yebasa iri yakanyorwa muCo-kunyorwa neEvgeny Mikhalovich Liftitsz iyo zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa. Mavhoriyamu ekupedzisira ebhuku akawedzerwa kune vadzidzi vadzidzi. Muzhizha ra 1941, IFP rakaburitswa kuKazan. Vashandi veInstitute vakashanda pakudzivirira. Nenguva ino inosanganisira landau zvinyorwa zvakatsanangurwa kune iyo contoation yekuputika. Pamwe chete neAlexander Kitgirodsky, bhuku "Elektron" rakagadzirwa. Cosmos simba. Iyi inyaya yakakurumbira yesainzi yakanangana nevakawanda vevaverengi.
Rufu
Musi waJanuary 7, 1962, Landau akapinda mutsaona yemotokari uye akawana fungidziro yakawanda. Tsaona yakaitika pane oblase highway moscow - Dubna. Mota umo mudzidzi weAcdeseMian anga ari kuseri kwevhiri, nekumhanya kwakazara kana achinge atora Kamaz akarova mutiraki. Kurova simba vakawira kunzvimbo Revh Davidovich akagara.Mamwe masayera 2 mwedzi haana kusiya coma, asi nekuda kwekuedza kwenharaunda yepasi rose yesainzi yakapukunyuka. Panguva imwecheteyo, komiti yeNobel aimupa mubairo wekudzidza kwezvinhu zvemvura. Iyo menduru yeiyo Nobel Prize Laureate yekupa mupiro kune sainzi, diploma uye cheki yakanunurwa landau kuchipatara. Mushure metsaona, iyo Physicist yakanga isisakwanise kushanda, zvishoma nezvishoma uye kudzoreredzwa.
Hutano hwaLandau hwakatsigira timu yese yevanachiremba avo vaida manipulati anodiwa nemuviri wemurwere ane mukurumbira. Nekudaro, Bark Landau mune memoirs yakaratidza vamwe vanachiremba kubva kune zvakakosha zvidhinha sezvisina basa. Mushure mekushanda kunotevera, bhuku remuviri rapera simba, uye musi waApril 1, 1968, Rev DavidIvich akafa. Chikonzero chekufa kwesainzi chakave chakaputsika thromb. Guva redzidzo rinowanikwa paNovderevichy Cemetery muMoscow. Pedyo nokuzorora kwemukadzi nemwanakomana.
Ndangariro
Ruzivo rwakawanda nezve hupenyu hwomunhu ou rine memoirs yemukadzi wake "yekudzidza landau. Sezvatakararama, "iyo iyo firimu" murume wangu ihuru ". Iri bhuku uye kuongorora kwakakonzeresa maitiro ekunyepedzera kubva kuruzhinji. Basa mbiri dzekuverenga pahupenyu hwechinyakare musayendisiti rairatidza Maja Bessesarab, muzufu wemukadzi wake eshumba, mukuru wake. Kubva pasi peminhenga yayo, mabhuku evaLansau mapeji uye "zvadaro akati Landau".
Iyo Biography yeLeo Davidvich akashanda sehwaro hwechiratidzo cheiyo driver director Ilya Hrzhanovsky. Hunhu hukuru mufirimu rakaitwa nemucheto Theodore kurtzis. Mune mamwe mabasa, Director Anatoly Vasibert, Nobel Laureate Robert Gross, Fric-Singer Nikolai Voronov uye vazhinji vasiri venhau vatambi.
Shanda pane dzakateerana zvakatanga muna 2005, iyo yekutanga macalings akapfuura mushure memakore matatu. Iyo tepi inguva yeawa 700-maawa, iyo yakaiswa mumapeji gumi nematatu. Kutanga kushanda paBayepic, director zvishoma nezvishoma vakarambana iri basa uye kuita kudzoreredzwa kwehupenyu hweSoviet of the 30s uye 1960s yezana ramakore re20. Kupfura kukuru kwakaitika muKharkov, maitiro acho akatora makore mana.
Iyo projekiti yekutanga yakaitika muna 2019 muParis mune akati wandei maguta.
Muhofisi yeRussia yeRussia, iyo show yakatanga pakati-Kubvumbi 2020 munharaunda yenyika. Mabasa gumi gumi akasarudzwa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemitemo yakasimba yekuwana chero gwaro rekutenderera kubva muushumiri hwetsika.
Awards uye kubudirira
- 1934 - chiremba wechikepe chemuviri uye masvomhu, hapana dissertation
- 1935 - zita remutungamiriri wenyaya
- 1945 - kurongeka kwemutengesi webasa redner
- 1946 - Nhengo inoshanda yeUSSR Chikoro cheSesainzi. STALINSKY MUDZIMA
- 1949 - kurongeka kweLenin, Stalin Mubairo
- 1951 - Nhengo muDanish Rolial Academy yeScience
- 1953 - mubairo waStalin
- 1954 - Gamba reVashandi veSocialist
- 1956 - Nhengo muMudzidzi weMambo weMasainzi eNetherlands
- 1959 - Chiremba anokudzwa e sainzi ye oxford yunivhesiti
- 1960 - Election nenhengo yeBritish Filysis Sangano, Londle Stualcy Society, National Academy yeScience yeUnited States, iyo American Academy yeSainzi uye Arts. London Fritz Mubairo, Max Planck Medal
- 1962 - Lenin Mubairo, Nobel Mubairo muFizits
- 1968 - kurongeka kwe lenin