Biography
Konstantin Balmont mudetembi yeRussia, mushanduri, prose, kutsoropodza, kunzvenga. Brigine Guzzusi Remitambo. Akaburitsa makumi matatu nemashanu ekuunganidza enhetembo, mabhuku makumi maviri aine prose. Yakashandurira huwandu hukuru hwemabasa evanyori vekunze vanyori. Konstantin dmitrievich ndiye munyori wezvidzidzo zvekunyora, zvibodzwa zvezvibodzwa, zvinyorwa zvakakosha. Nhetembo yake "yechando", "Kamyshey", "Autumn", "nechando" munguva yechando "," Fairy "uye vamwe vazhinji vakabatanidzwa muchikoro chikoro.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Konstantin Balmont akaberekerwa uye akararama kusvika pamakore gumi mumusha weHumnishi Shui County vladimir Province mumhuri yevarombo, asi inobereka mhuri. Baba vake, Dmitry Konstantinovich, vakatanga vakashanda semutongi, vakazotora musoro wemusoro weZemskie. Amai vera Nikolaevna vaibva kumhuri, kwavaida uye vaifarira mabhuku. Mukadzi akagara pasi mamadekwana emanyori, isa zviitiko uye akadhindwa mupepanhau emunharaunda.
Vera Nikolaevna anoziva mitauro yakati wandei, uye aive akasungwa mugove we "mafuta okusununguka", "vanhu vasingadi" vaiwanzogara vari mumba mavo. Gare gare, akanyora kuti amai vake havana kungoda chete mabhuku, asi akagara nhaka yake "tsika yekunamata." Mumhuri, mukuwedzera kuConstantine, pakanga paine vanakomana vanomwe. Iye aive wechitatu. Kuona amai amai vanodzidzisa tsamba yehama dzepamusoro, mukomana akazvimirira akadzidziswa kuverenga mumakore mashanu.
Paigara mhuri mumba memuimba imire pamabhangi rerwizi, akakomberedzwa neminda. Naizvozvo, nguva yavaimbove yevana kuti vapike kuchikoro, vakatamira kuSam. Saka, vaifanira kurega kubva kune zvakasikwa. Mukomana akanyora nhetembo dzake dzekutanga aine makore gumi. Asi Amai havana kutendera izvi zvisiri izvo, uye haana kunyora chero chinhu kwemakore matanhatu anotevera.
Muna 1876, Balmont akanyoreswa muShui Gymnasium. Pakutanga, Kostya akazviratidza semudzidzi anoshingairira, asi munguva pfupi akapotsa zvese izvi. Akafarira kuverenga, nepo mamwe mabhuku muchiGerman uye French akaverenga mune zvekutanga. Kubva kuGymnasium, yakabvaruka kudzidziswa kwakashata uye kumhan'hazve kumanikidza. Wakatove panguva imwe chete yaaisanganisira denderedzwa risiri pamutemo, iro rakagovera mapepa emapuranga emahara.
Konstantin akatamira kuVladimir uye akadzidza ikoko kusvika 1886. Paunenge uchidzidza mumitambo yekurovedza muviri, nhetembo dzake dzakabudiswa mumagazini yeMetropolitan "Ongorora ongororo", asi chiitiko ichi chakaramba chisina kucherechedzwa. Mushure mekunge apinda Moscow University paFakiture Yemutemo. Asi pano zvaisave kureba kwenguva yakareba.
Akava pedyo naPetro Nikolaev, anga ari shanduro dzinosvika makumi matanhatu. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti mushure memakore maviri zvakadzingwa mukutora mukana mukusagadzikana kwevadzidzi. Pakangoita chiitiko ichi, akatumwa kubva kuMoscow kuti aone.
Muna 1889, Balmont akasarudza kupora kuyunivhesiti, asi nekuda kwehurombo hwekutya, hwakanga husiri kuita kuti zviitike kuti zviitike. Iyo fute imwe chete yakamunyorera uye muDemidov Thigiri yesainzi yepamutemo sainzi, kwaakasvika gare gare. Mushure mekuedza uku, akafunga kusiya pfungwa yekugamuchira "dzidzo" isina mamiriro.
Mabhuku
Kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kwenhetembo dzeBalmont yakanyora pakasungwa pamubhedha mushure mekuzviuraya zvisina kubudirira. Ini ndakaburitsa bhuku muYaroslavl muna 1890, asi gare gare mukova pachake akaparadza chikamu chikuru chekupararira.
Nzvimbo yese yekutanga mubasa renzvimbo inoonekwa seyekuunganidzwa "pasi pedenga rekuchamhembe". Akasangana neruzhinji nekuyemura, sebasa rinotevera - "mukukura kwerima" uye "kunyarara". Anoshuva kutanga kudhinda mumagazini emazuva ano, Balmont akanyanya kuzivikanwa, aionekwa zvakanyanya kubva ku "decadent".
Pakati pe11990s, anotanga kutaurirana naBryusov, Merezhkovsky, Hippius. Nenguva isipi Balmont anova mudetembi anozivikanwa kwazvo muchiratidzo muRussia. Mundima, anofarira mune zviitiko zvepasirese, uye mune dzimwe dzinounganidza pachena zvine hanya ne "madhimoni". Izvi zvinoonekwa mu "zvakaipa zvevakaipa" zvakatorwa nevakuru nezviremera zvezvikonzero zveContship.
Balmont anofamba zvakanyanya, saka basa rake rakarongedzwa nemifananidzo yenyika dzekunze uye polycustourse. Vaverengi vanokwezva uye vanofara. Mudetembi anomhanya achienda kunzvimbo inonzwisisika - haana kumbobvira awedzera kuzvinyorwa, vaitenda kuti gungwa rekutanga rekugadzira raive rakatendeka kwazvo.
Varindi vezvekurarama 13, vakanyorwa naBarmont muna 1905, vaivemo zvakanyanya. Kuunganidzwa uku kwenziyo dzenziyo dzakarongeka mudetembi yakazvipira kumwanasikana waNina.
Konstantin dmitrievich balmont yaive shanduko mumweya uye muhupenyu. Kuderedzwa kubva kuGymnasium uye iyo yunivhesiti haina kumisa mudetembi. Paakangoverenga pachena vhesi "sultan shoma", madzinoonekwa nevanhu vese vakafanana neNikole II. Nekuti izvi vakamudzinga kubva kuSt. Kwemakore maviri vakarambidzwa kubva pakurarama mumaguta eYunivhesiti.
Aive mupikisi waTsarism, saka kutora kwake chikamu mukutanga kweRussia Revolution kwaitarisirwa. Panguva iyoyo, akava shamwari neakakura gorky uye nhetembo dzakanyora kudaro dzakafanana nemapepa emazwi akaenzana.
Munguva yaDecember 1905 kumukira kweMoscow, Balmont vanopikisa vadzidzi. Asi, Kutya kusungwa, kumanikidzwa kusiya Russia. Kubva 1906 kusvika 1913 Iye anogara kuFrance muchimiro chevatsigiri vezvematongerwo enyika. Kuva murudzi rwechibatanidza, anoramba achinyora, asi vatsoropodzi vanowedzera vakatanga kutaura nezvekuderera kwekusvika kwaBalmont. Mumabasa ake ekupedzisira, vakaona imwe mhando ye template uye yekuzviita.
Mudetembi amene akatarisisa bhuku rake rakanakisa "zvivakwa zvinopfuta. Lyrics of the Mweya Mweya. " Kana, isati yaunganidzwa iyi, mazwi ake akazadzwa nekusuwa uye nemalolong, ipapo zvivakwa zvinopiswa "zvakavhurwa" "solar" uye nekufara zvinyorwa zvakaonekwa mubasa.
Kudzokera kuRussia muna 1913, akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvegumi zvegumi. Iri kushanda pane shanduro uye hurukuro dziri munyika. Iyo Februcument Revolution yakanzwisiswa nechido, seyese yeRussia yeRusicgentsia. Asi, munguva pfupi yakatevera yakatanga kuvhunduka pamusoro pekuenderera mberi kwenhamo munyika.
Iye paakatanga rudziro yeOctoberburg, aive muSt. "Iye akati," Hwaive "hungu hwekupenga" uye "mhongava". Muna 1920, mudetembi akatamira kuMoscow, asi asingakurumidza nekuda kwehutano husina simba remurume / mwanasikana wake akatamira kuFrance navo. MuRussia, haachadzoka.
Muna 1923, Balmont yakapihwa maviri autobiographies - "pasi peiyo sherp itsva" uye "nzira yemhepo". Kusvikira hafu yekutanga ye1930s, akatyaira rese Europe, kutaura kwake kwakabudirira. Asi pano iyo Russian Diaspora haana kufarira kuziva.
Zuva rekusikwa kwake kwesikirwo rakawira muna 1937, akabva akaburitsa muunganidzwa wake wekupedzisira wenhetembo "yechiedza."
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1889, konstantin balmont akaroora mwanasikana weIvanovo-voznesenseSky Merchant - Lora Mikhailovna Malina. Ndakatanga kuudza amai vavo, asi paakazivisa chinangwa chake chekuroora, akataura zvinopesana neanowo imba. Konstantin akaratidza kusaziva kwake uye akatoenda kumudawi anodiwa nemhuri yake.
Sezvineiwo, mumwe wake mumwe wake anga achiwedzera godo risinganzwisisike. Vaigara vachipokana, mukadzi wacho haana kumutsigira mune chero zvinyorwa, kana mukuchinja-shandura kuedza. Vamwe vaongorori vanoona kuti ndiye akawedzera kuti ave nehasha kumhosva.
Musi waKurume 13, 1890, mudetembi akafunga kuzviuraya - akasvetuka kuita bhiriji kubva papuranga rechitatu reimba yake. Asi kuedza kwakundikana - Akarara pamubhedha, uye kubva mukukuvara kwakakuvara kwakaramba kuchiramba.
Muwanano naLarisa, vaive nevana vaviri. Mwana wavo wekutanga akafa mucheche, wechipiri - mwanakomana waNikolai - airwara nechirwere chengarava. Semhedzisiro, Konstantin uye Larisa yakatsvuka, akaroora mutori venhau uye munyori Enduldt.
Muna 1896, Balmont akaroora kechipiri. Mukadzi wake akava Ekaterina Alekseevna Andreeva. Musikana uyu aibva kumhuri yakapfuma - Smart, akadzidza uye akanaka. Nokukurumidza mushure memuchato, vadikani vakaenda kuFrance. Muna 1901, vaive nemwanasikana nina. Munzira dzakawanda, ivo vakabatanidzwa nemabasa ekuverenga, pamwe chete vakashanda pane shanduro.
Ekaterina Alikseevna yakanga isiri iyo yakasarudzika, asi mararamiro evanhu vake vakanyengera. Uye zvese zvingave zvakanaka, dai ndisina kusangana naParis Elena Kontantinovna Tvetkovskaya. Musikana uyu akafadzwa nedetembi, airatidzika saiye kuna Mwari. Kubva zvino achigara nemhuri yake, uye mwedzi vashoma vakasimuka kune dzimwe nzendo dzekunze neCatherine.
Hupenyu hwemhuri yake hwakazopukwa apo Tsvetkovsky paakabereka mwanasikana waMerru. Chiitiko ichi chakazosimbisa Constantine kuna Elena, asi panguva imwechete iye aisada kutsauka naAndreva. Kutambudzwa nemwoyo wose kwakarondedzerwa zvakaringana kuzviuraya. Akasvetuka kubva pahwindo, asi kekupedzisira, akaramba ari mupenyu.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, akatanga kugara muSt. Petersburg ane ruva nemirera uye dzimwe nguva vakashanyira Moscow kuenda Andreva nemwanasikana nina. Gare gare ivo vakatamira kuFrance. Ikoko, Balmont akatanga kusangana naDagmar Shakhovskaya. Haana kusiya mhuri, asi akasangana nemukadzi nguva zhinji, zuva rega rega rakanyora tsamba dzayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akamuberekera vana vaviri, mwanakomana waGeorge nemwanasikana Svelana.
Asi mumakore akaoma ehupenyu hwake naye, kuchine maruva. Akafanotaurwa saizvozvo kuti haana kurarama mushure mekufa kwake, akamutevera.
Rufu
Vakatamira kuFrance, akakunda muRussia. Asi hutano hwake hwanyanyisa, kwaive nematambudziko emari, saka pakanga pasina kutaura nezvekudzoka. Aigara mune imwe imba yakachipa newindo rakatyoka.
Muna 1937, nhetembo yakawana chirwere chepfungwa. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, haachagona kunyora nhetembo.
Musi waZvita 1942, akafa mu "imba yeRussia" pekugara, kwete kure neParis, muNyazi-Le-Gran. Chikonzero chekufa kwake chaive chengetedza mapapu. Mudetembi muhurombo uye fungidziro.
BHAIBHERI
- 1894 - "pasi pedenga rekuchamhembe (Elegia, Stans, Sonnets)"
- 1895 - "Mukukura kweMraka"
- 1898 - "Kunyarara. Nhetembo dzeLyrical "
- 1900 - "Miniti Yekupedzisira Zvivakwa. Mazwi eMweya wemazuva ano "
- 1903 - "Tichava sezuva. Hunhu Bhuku »
- 1903 - "Rudo chete. Seiscle
- 1905 - "Liturgy ye runako. Zvinonzwika nziyo »
- 1905 - "Faine Fairy Tales (nziyo dzevana)
- 1906 - "Zvipfupi zvakaipa (Bhuku rekukwira)"
- 1906 - "Nhetembo"
- 1907 - "VENTS SLIENG Songs"
- 1908 - "Shiri dziri mumhepo (mitsara yekuimba)"
- 1909 - "Green Vertograd (mazwi ekutsvoda)"
- 1917 - "Minda yeZuva, Uchi uye Mwedzi"
- 1920 - "Ranger"
- 1920 - "Nhetembo nomwe"
- 1922 - "Rwiyo rweNyinguru Rinokosha"
- 1929 - "Dali (nhetembo nezveRussia)"
- 1930 - "Pfupiso yekugeza"
- 1937 - "Lighthouse"