Biography
Pamunomo wemaheti maviri ane tarenda ane tarenda ezana ramakore rapfuura, zvinopesana nechimiro, zvisikwa hazvina kuramba. PANE 4 Kusungwa uye ane makore gumi nematatu, akabiwa nemisasa yeStalin, Revuka Gumilev akasiya chiratidzo chakajeka muRussia tsika uye sainzi. Muzivi, munyori wenhoroondo, Geologist, sainzi yekuchera matongo anoisa dzidziso yekukurumbira yekuchiva, yakaburitswa muzukuru muhombe yesainzi yesainzi. Uye akanyora nhetembo nenhetembo, achiziva mitauro mitanhatu, akashandura mazana emamwe mabasa evamwe vanhu.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mwanakomana mumwe chete waAnna Akhmatova naNikolai Gumileev vakazvarwa mukudonha kwe199sevsky Island, muElnity pekugara yeMash. Vabereki Vabereki vakaunza kumusha wenyu uye munguva pfupi vakabhabhatidza muEkaterinsky Cathedral.
Kubva pamazuva ekutanga ehupenyu, mwanakomana wemafetente maviri aive achitarisira ambuya vake, Amai Nikolai Gumileev. Mwana haana kuchinja nzira yakajairwa yevabereki vevabereki, ivo vanonyatsopihwa dzidzo uye zvese zvinopesana nezvemukomana ANne Ivanovna Gumileeva. Gare gare, Revhitiko Nikolayevich achanyora kuti Amai nababa havana kuona muhuduku hwake, ambuya vakatsiva.
Kusvikira kumakore mashanu, mukomana akakurira mukupofumadza, estmoother's estate, iri muBezhetsky District yeTVER Province. Asi muRevolutionary 1917 Gumilev, achitya muremo wekudurura, akasiya generic dendere. Kutora raibhurari uye chikamu chemidziyo, mukadzi ane muzukuru akatamira kuBelisetsk.
Muna 1918, vabereki vakarambana. Muzhizha regore rimwe chetero, Anna Ivanovna akatamira kumwanakomana wake kuti apfurwe. Gore Mukomana akataura naBaba vake, vakaperekedza Nikolai Stepanovich pane zviitiko zvekuverenga, vakagara kuna amai. Vabereki vacho vakamboumba mhuri nyowani: Gumilev akaroora Anna Engelhardt, muna1919 vaive nemwanasikana womukuru eElena. Akhmatova vaigara neAssiyriologist vladimir Shileiko.
Muzhizha ra1919, ambuya vake vane mwanasikana mutsva nevana vakaenda Bhezherk. Nikolai gumilev nguva nenguva aibata mhuri. Muna 1921, Leo akadzidza nezverufu rwaBaba vake.
MuBezhettsk, vechidiki vaRevhitiko vaRevhitiko. Kusvika makore gumi nematanhatu akachinja zvikoro zvitatu. Hukama nevezera hazvina kukudziridza hukama. Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzevakadzidza navo, Leva yakachengetwa imba. Pikeria neKomsomol yakamukomberedza kuti isashamisika: Muchikuru chechikoro "Mwanakomana Chikoro cheLasso Agenii" akasara asina mabhuku, aivimba nevadzidzi.
Ambuya vakasanangura muzukuru muchikoro chechipiri, njanji, uko anna svverchkova akadzidzisa, musikana nemutumwa ane mutsa wemhuri. Revway Gumilev akashamwaridzana nemudzidzisi weMurayedhi Alexander Peregrin, uyo waakanyorwazve naye asati afa.
Muchikoro chechitatu, icho chinonzi Soviet 1st, kugona kweiyo Gumidov kwakaratidza. Jaya rakanyora zvinyorwa uye nyaya mupepanhau rechikoro, rave kugamuchira mari yeumwe wavo. Revhitiko nguva dzose ndikagara ndichishanyira raibhurari yeguta, kwaaitaura nemishumo yemanyorero. Mumakore awa, iyo Biography yePeterburger yakatanga, iyo yekutanga "ndima" yekutanga ", umo murume wechidiki akataurwa nejaya.
Amai vakashanyirwa kuBezhetsk kumwanakomana wake kaviri: Muna 1921, yeKisimusi, uye mushure memakore mana, muzhizha. Mwedzi wega wega wakatumira 25 rubles, akabatsira kupona kumhuri, asi pano mafundisi emubvunzi wemwanakomana akanzwa akaoma.
Apedza chikoro muna 1930, Revhitiko akauya kuna amai, kuna amai, panguva iyoyo aigara naNikolai punin. Muguta reNeva, jaya racho rakapedza kudzidza nekirasi yekupedza kudzidza uye yakagadzirirwa kubvuma kune herzenvent institute. Asi chirevo chaGumileeva hachina kugamuchira nekuda kwekubva kwakanaka.
Nicholas Punin akasangana neHumileva kufekitori. Kubva ipapo, shumba yakachinjira kuTram Depot Depot uye akanyoresa basa rekuchinjana, kubva kwaakaendeswa kune makosi, maakagadzira mafambiro emagariro. Mumakore ekusamavha kwekusamona, kubuda kwacho kwakarongwa mune yakakura huwandu, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwevashandi, ivo havana kutarisisa kune kwavakabva. Saka Rev Gumilev muna 1931 akatanga kuenda parwendo rwekuenda kuBajaker.
Nhaka
Zvinoenderana nezvinofungidzirwa kuti valipipiridzi, Revuva Gumilev vakashanyira nguva makumi manomwe nenomwe. Panyika nzendo, akawana mari uye akanzwa akazvimiririra, kwete kutsamira kuna amai uye punin, asina hukama hwakareruka.
Muna 1932, Leo akaenda kunguva yemwedzi 11 kuTajikistan. Mushure mekupokana nemusoro weExpedition (Gumileva aipomerwa mhosva yekutyora chirango - akaedza kudzidza maAmphhibies) akagadziriswa muPurazi reZimbabwe: Nemitemo ye1930s, ivo vakabhadharwa zvakanaka uye vakapihwa chikafu. Kutaura neDehkans, Revu Gumilev akadzidza mutauro weTajik.
Mushure mekudzokera kumba muna 1933, zvakatora kushandura nhetembo dzevanyori veMubatanidzwa Republics, izvo zvakamuunzira mari yemwero. MunaDecember wegore rimwe chetero, munyori akatanga kusungwa, akabata mazuva 9, asi haana kubvunzurudza uye haana kubhadharisa.
Muna 1935, mwanakomana weyunivhesiti mbiri yekirasi yakapinda muUniversity of North City, kusarudza iyo nhoroondo yenhoroondo. Vashandi vekudzidzisa veyunivhesiti vaive Pentel Matra: Egyptologist vasily Struy vakashanda mukureba, nyanzvi yekare Solomon Lurie, China Nikolai Ung, uyo mudzidzi akakurumidza kunzi mudzidzisi nemudzidzisi.
Gumilev aive akananga pamusoro pevanodzidza navo uye akakonzera kuyemurwa kwekuyemura ruzivo rwakadzama uye kusimbiswa. Asi kwenguva yakareba kuti ubve Mwanakomana wedangwe "muvengi wevanhu" uye nhetembo dzisina kuda kuimba iyo Soviet System, zviremera zvaisada. MUMWE 19535 akasungwa kechipiri. Anna Akhmatova akatendeukira kuna Joseph Stalin, achikumbira kurega vanhu vanodhura (panguva imwecheteyo punin vakatorwa negumilev).
Vaviri vakasunungurwa pakukumbira kwaStalin, asi Leo akadzingwa kubva kuyunivhesiti. Kune jaya, kuderedzwa kwave kuita njodzi: Scholarship uye Surcharge Chingwa Chikwereti che120 - Zvikuru panguva iyoyo huwandu hwakabvumidzwa kubvisa dzimba uye kwete kufa nenzara. Muzhizha ra1936, Revhitiko akaenda kumakungwa paDon, pakuchera kweiyo khazaro kugadzirisa. Muna Gumiguru, mufaro mukuru wemudzidzi wacho wakadzorerwa kuyunivhesiti.
Mufaro Wakatora Nguva Yakareba: Muna Kurume 1938, Shumba Gumileva yakasungwa kechitatu, kumupa makore mashanu emisasa yeNorsk. Mumusasa, munyori wenhoroondo akaramba achinyora chirevo, asi zvaisakwanisa kuwana pasina zvinyorwa. Asi nedenderedzwa rekukurukurirana Gumilev raive nerombo rakanaka: Pakati pevasungwa raive ruvara rwehungwaru.
Muna 1944, akabvunzwa kumberi. Mushure memwedzi miviri yekudzidza, rova iyo resve anti-ndege nzvimbo. Demobilized, akadzokera kuguta riri paNi uye akapedza kudzidza kudzidza kuEasta. Mukupera kwema1940 vadzivirirwa, asi havana kugamuchira degree. Muna 1949, gumilev yakapihwa makore gumi emisasa, ichipomerwa mhosva kubva pane yakapfuura nyaya. Chirango chomunyori wenhoroondo chaishanda muKazakhstan neSiberia.
Kusunungurwa uye kugadzirwazve kwakaitika muna 1956. Pashure pemakore matanhatu ebasa muHermitage, Revuguleva vakatora kuHurumende yeNzvimbo yeGeography Lsu, kwaaishandisa kusvika 1987. Nokudaro pamudyandigere. Muna 1961, musayendisiti akadzivirira kusarangarira kwake munhoroondo, uye muna 1974 muGeography (iyo sosi yesainzi haina kubvumidza iyo Wak).
Muna 1960s, gumilev vanoita zvepapa zvine chekuita nemapepa zvine musoro mukupedzisa dzidziso yeTETNOGESIS, kuisa chinangwa chekutsanangura cyclicity uye maitiro enhoroondo. Vazhinji vatinoshanda vanoshora dzidziso nekumudaidza kuti venhema vesainzi.
Ruzhinji rwevanyori venhoroondo yenguva iyoyo uye basa guru reshumba Gumilyv, rinonzi "Ethanogere uye Bioosphere,", haana kutendisa. Muongorori akaomerera pakufunga kuti maRussia ari vazukuru vemabhurugwa akabvisa rubhabhatidzo, uye Russia - kuenderera kwehorde. Nekudaro, Russia inogara ichiratidzira yeRussia-mongolia, emukuru. Izvi ndezve nezve bhuku iri rakakurumbira remunyori "kubva kuRussia kuenda kuRussia". Nyaya imwe chete iyi iri kukudziridza mu monograph "yekare ruspe."
Vatsoropodzi vaRevhitiko vaRevhitikov, vachiremekedza maonero okutsvagura emuongorori uye ruzivo rwakakura, rwakaidana "munyori wenhoroondo." Asi vadzidzi vakachengetedza Leo Nikolavich uye vaiona masayendisiti, aive nevateveri vane tarenda.
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Gumilev akaburitsa nhetembo, uye vanhu venguva yazvino vakaona kuti nhetembo dzeMwanakomana haruna kuderera pane iyo nzira yehunyanzvi hwenhetembo dzevabereki vechinyorwa. Asi chikamu chenhaka nhetembo yakarasika, uye Revuva Gumilev akange asina nguva yekuburitsa zvinyorwa zvakachengetedzwa. Chimiro chechimiro chekutevera chiri mu tsanangudzo, yaakazvipa mudetembi: "mwanakomana wekupedzisira wezana riripo."
Hupenyu Hwako
Iye murume anosika uye murudo, gumilev yakauya mukutapwa kwechikadzi kudzokorora. Mubasa reLarenrad Comenji, kwaanogara, shamwari, vadzidzi uye vadikani vakauya.
Mukupera kweyekupedzisira kwa1936, Revugulev akasangana naMoMongoliani naNamserikev. Pane chidzidzo chechidiki chekutanga, shumba ine makore 24, yebvudzi ine tsika dzeAristochrat, yakaita fungidziro isinganzwisisike. Mushure memakirasi, vaviri vacho vakafamba nenzira yeyunivhesiti, vakataura nezvePushkin, nhoroondo, archaeology. Roman yakagara kusunga muna 1938.
Nemukadzi wechipiri, Natalia Marislia Varbnams neshiri, gumilev zvakare vakasangana muraibhurari muna 1946. Asi runako rwunoda mutungamiriri wavo - akaroora wezvemunyori wezvemunyori weVladimir Lublinsky.
Muna 1949, apo munyori uye musayendisiti akabatana nemusasa, Natalia uye Revhiyo rwaive nekunyorerwazve. Mavara makumi matanhatu nerudo akachengetedzwa akanyorwa neGumile Coupener yeRudzidziso reruzhinji rweRudzidziso rweVarbanese. Mumumuseum yemunyori mune mifananidzo yeshiri dzaakatumira kumisasa. Apedza kudzoka Levgulv akarambana naNatalia, chifananidzo chakaramba chakaramba chakaramba chichiitwa naLublin.
Pakati ma1950s, shumba Nikolavich yakaonekwa mudiwa mutsva - Natalia ane makore 18 okubereka Kazera. Akawana raibhurari yeiyo hermitage, ku tafura yakatapukira. Muchokwadi ruzivo, Gumilev akatochuka musikana, asi vabereki vakasimbirira pakupokana kwehukama. Saizvozvo, C Kazakevich Rev Nikolayevich Carare yeTatiana Kryukov, anoverengera zvinyorwa zvake nemabhuku.
Roman neInna nenalevoy, akaroora runako kubva kumisikidzwa, akagara kumuchato mukuru wemunyori muna 1968.
Nemukadzi wake Natalia Simonovskaya, Moscow artist-purogiramu, mudiki kwemakore masere, Revugulev akasangana muguta guru muzhizha ra1960. Ukama hwakatanga zvishoma, pakanga pasina dhizaini yekuda. Asi pamwe chete nevaviri vakararama makore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye shamwari dzemunyori dzakadaidza mhuri yakanaka: Mukadzi akazvipira kumukadzi ane tarenda, vachisiya makirasi ese apfuura, shamwari uye basa.
Pakanga pasina vana vanobva mukombe: Vakasangana apo Lru gumilev akatendeuka 55, uye mukadzi ane makumi matanhatu nenomwe. Kutenda kunaNatalia Gumileva nematambudziko ake evaviri vari pakati pebasa rechinzvimbo kune yakanaka moscow. Kana imba, nekuda kwekuvakwa kwakaitika padhuze, akabvunza, vaviri vacho vakatamira kufurati paKolomna, kwaaigara kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake. Nhasi, munyori museum yakavhurika pano.
Rufu
Muma1990, Shumba Gumilyv akaonekwa aine sitiroko, asi musayendisiti akatanga basa, achinonoka kupera nemubhedha. Makore maviri gare gare, akabviswa Gallbladder. Kushanda kwemurume wemakore makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe akatambura zvakanyanya - kubuda ropa kwakavhurwa.
Yekupedzisira 2 vhiki gumilev yaive mu coma. Yakabviswa kubva kuhupenyu hwekutsigira zvishandiso musi waJune 15, 1992.
Kuvigwa mwanakomana waAkhmatova pedyo neAlexander Nevsky Lavra, kuNiklsky Cemetery.
MunaSeptember 2004, guva remukadzi wake rakaonekwa padyo neguva reLeo Gumileeva: Natalia akapukunyuka nemurume wake kwemakore gumi nemaviri.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Naamai Gumilev haina kutaura makore mashanu ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Mukudaidzwa, Akhmatova inonzi Leo "Iwe Iwe Mwanakomana uye Nyowani".
- Gumilev haana kushivirira mbatatisi uye vaitenda kuti akaomesa hupenyu hwerudzi rweRussia. Natalia Votorovna akavakirwa nepamuviri nekudzosera supu.
- Iyo gumilev chiteshi chechiteshi chakabva kune iyo musimboti weawa usati waenda - chii kana vakatumira kare?
- Kunze, Rev Gumilev akashanyira nguva chete muna 1966, achifamba rwendo rwekuchera matongo muPrague.
- Pakupera kwehupenyu, munyori aida kuona uye sainzi ngano. Wakasarudza basa reRay Brand bradbury, Stanislav Lema, Arkady naBoris Strugatsky, Agatu Christie.
- Gumilev terepo ndeyahunhu uye kuputa. Iye amene akapokana kuti "vodka ndiyo pfungwa yepfungwa". Gumilev akasvuta kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwe "White Kerrnival", achiramba fodya nyowani kubva kuKeen. Aitenda kuti kuputa hakuna kukuvadza.
- Chinhu chinoshamisa chehunhu hweGumilev hwaive turkopilia. Kubva ma1960, akawedzera akasaina mavara ake kuti "arslan-beck" (shanduro yakatumidzwa mushure mekunge shumba pamitauro yeTurpiki).
BHAIBHERI
- 1960 - "Hongna: Middle Asia Munguva dzekare"
- 1962 - "Feat Bakhrama Chubina"
- 1966 - "Kuvhura kweKhazaria"
- 1967 - "Turks dzekare"
- 1970 - "Zvinotsvaga Humambo Hwako"
- 1970 - "Ethnogeneis naThnosphere"
- 1973 - "Hunny in China"
- 1975 - "Sturdoburyat pendi"
- 1987 - "Millenium yakakomberedza caspian"
- 1989 - ":::::: ""
- 1989 - "RAM RURE uye Are Great Ambamba"
- 1992 - "Kubva kuRussia kuenda kuRussia"
- 1992 - "Kupera uye Kutanga Nyowani"
- 1993 - "Ethnosphere: Nhoroondo yeVanhu uye Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa"
- 1993 - "Kubva munhoroondo yeEurasia"