Biography
Cyril naMethodus vakava nemukurumbira pasi rese semakamuri ekutenda kwechiKristu uye vanyori veSlavic ABC. Biography yeiyo mbiri yakakura, Cyril yakazvipira kunyange neyakaiparadzanisa hupenyu-kiyi, yakagadzirwa nekukurumidza mushure mekufa kwemurume. Nekudaro, nhasi zvinokwanisika kuti uzive nhoroondo pfupi yemhedzisiro yeaya vaparidzi uye vatange veganhurabheti mune zvakasiyana zvakanaka kuvana. Hama dzine chiratidzo chavo, mavanoratidzwa pamwe chete. Inobatwa neminamato nezvezvidzidzo zvakanaka, rombo rakanaka vadzidzi, vachiwedzera pfungwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Cyril naMethodius vakaberekerwa muguta reGreek reSoluni (the Sressaloniki (The thessal thessaloniki) Mumhuri yemutungamiriri weMurayiridzi, ayo vanyori vezvikomborero zvevatsvene vanozivikanwa se "mutsa wakanaka uye mupfumi." Mamota emangwana akakura muungano yehama shanu.
Pamberi pemurume, Mikhail naKonsantin vaive vaipfeka, uye yekutanga yaive yakura - yakazvarwa muna 815, uye Konstantin muna makumi masere nemakumi masere nenomwe. NezveMadzinza emhuri yemhuri iri mumatenduru evaMunhori, kukakavara kuchiri kunyorera. Vamwe vevarwi, nekuti vanhu ava vanemerengo vakanyatsove ne slavic. Vamwe vanonzi Bulgaria uye, chokwadi, midzi yechiGiriki.
Vakomana vakagamuchira dzidzo inopenya, uye pavakazvidza, nzira dzavo dzakaparadzaniswa. Methodius akapfupisa basa remauto kuti adzivirirwe shamwari yakatendeka yemhuri neDharos kusvikira kumubati weboka reByzantine. Pana "muchinda weSlavic" akazvisimbisa semutongi akachenjera uye akanaka.
Kubvira paudiki hwekutanga kwaifarira kuverenga mabhuku ekuverenga, kurova zvakatipoteredza nekuyeuka kwakanaka uye kugona kune sainzi, kwakanzwa polynal - kunze kwechiGiriki uye chakanyorwa chiHebheru, chakanyorwa chiHebheru nechiAramaiki. Mumakore makumi maviri, murume wechidiki, akapedza kudzidza kuMagnavra yunivhesiti, akatodzidzisa zvekutanga zveuzivi muchikoro chedzimhosva muTsargrad.
Ushumiri hwechiKristu
Cyril akaramba aine basa rekunyika, kunyangwe mukana wakadaro wakapihwa. Muchato uri paSkeleton of the of the Herarist Office muByzantium yakavhura tarisiro inosimbisa - hutungamiri hwedunhu riri kuMasedhonia, uye ipapo chinzvimbo cheMutungamiriri wenhau. Nekudaro, vechidiki vechitendero (KONSTANTIN vakatendeuka chete kwemakore gumi nemashanu ekuzvarwa) vakasarudza kuyambukira munzira yechechi.
Paakatodzidzisa kuyunivhesiti, murume akakwanisa kutokunda mumatidzirwo emutungamiriri pamusoro pemutungamiriri weanonoborates, aimbova tateguru John Grammar, zvakare anozivikanwa pasi pezita rekuti Amonium. Nekudaro, iyi nyaya inoonekwa seyakanaka ngano.
Basa guru rehurumende yeByzantium panguva iyoyo yaive kusimbiswa uye kunyepedzera kwe orrthodoxy. Pamwe chete neDiplomats, iyo yakadzingwa nemaguta nemisha, uko kutaurirana nevavengi vechitendero kwakarangwa, mamishinari akaenda. Vakava muna 24, Konstantin, akagara nebasa rekutanga rakakosha kubva kuHurumende - Kurayirwa VaMuslim munzira yakanaka.
Mukupera kwe50s, zana hama, dzinza regumi nemapfumbamwe, dzimba dzinobva kuimba yemamongi, dzichienda kumwedzi, uko Methodhi ane makore makumi matatu nematatu akatora chinzvimbo. Nekudaro, Kirill haana kubvumira nguva yakareba kuti azorore: atove muna 860, murume akadana chigaro cheumambo uye akaraira kuti abatanidze mamishini eKhazar basa.
Chokwadi ndechekuti Khazar Kagan akazivisa kupokana kokubatana, uko kwaiitwa maKristu kuratidza chokwadi chekutenda kuJudha neMuslim. Khazars anga atove akagadzirira kubuda padivi peOrthodoxy, asi ivo vanoisa mamiriro acho - chete pakukunda kweByzantine purofiti mumakakatanwa.
Cyril akatora hama yake uye akazadzika basa rakazadziswa kumapfudzi ake, asi mishoni yacho yakundikana zvachose. Iyo khazar nyika yemukristu haina, kunyange kwaKagan uye vakabvumira vanhu kuti vabhabhatidzwe. Rwendo urwu rwakaitika zvakakomba kune vatendi chiitiko chetsika. Penzira, Byzantines vakatarisa muCrimea, uko Kirill akawana zvigadziko zveClement, iyo Pope Holy, yechina, iyo yakazopihwa kuRoma munzvimbo dzechersoneseos.
Hama dzinobatanidzwa mune imwe yakakosha basa. Kamwe rubatsiro kubva kuConstantinople vakabvunza mutongi wenyika dzeMoravian (Slavic State) rostislav - Mudzidzisi - wezvechitendero aida kuti avo vari murimi anodhura vakaudza vanhu nezvekutenda kwechokwadi. Saka, muchinda aizozotiza kubva pesvedzero yeBishops - maGerman. Rwendo urwu rwazova chiratidzo - alfabic mavara akaonekwa.
MuMoravia, hama dzakashanda kuti dzisashandise maoko: Dzakadzidzisa mabhuku echiGreek, vakadzidzisa mauto eAza yekuverenga, tsamba, uye panguva imwechete yavakadzidza kutungamira kunamata. "Kufamba" kwakatora makore matatu. Mhedzisiro yebasa iri kuita basa rakakura mukugadzirira rubhabhatidzo rweBulgaria.
Muna 867, hama dzaifanira kuenda kuRoma kuchengeta mhinduro yekuti "kumhura." KIRILS uye Methodhi Western Churchi Church yainzi Vanyengeri, vachipomera kuti vanoverenga mharidzo kusanganisira muSlavic, nepo Wekumusoro-soro, kuti vazive muGreek, chiLatin uye chechiJudha.
Vari munzira kuenda kuguta guru reItaly, vakamira muBlatensky Mukuru, kwavakadzidzisa vanhu vebhuku racho. Kune avo vakasvika kuRoma nekuzvidzora kuti isu tifare kuti isu takafara kuti baba vatsva veAdrian II vakabvumira kunamatwa kuSlavyansky uye vakatobvumira mabhuku akashandurwa kuti vagadzirise pamakereke. Munguva yemusangano uyu, Methodius akagamuchira episcopian san.
Kusiyana nemunun'una wake, Cyril chete padenderedzwa rerufu, akabvarurwa kumamongi - zvaive zvakafanira. Mushure mekufa kwemuparidzi, Methodius, iyo yakaunza vadzidzi, akadzokera kuMoravia, kwaaifanira kurwa nevafundisi veGerman. Mufi Hostislav akachinja muzukuru weSychOpolk, akatsigira zvematongerwo enyika evaGerman, avo vaishandira chinyararire kushanda neByzantine Mupristi. Chero kuedza kunoparadzira mutauro wechiSlavic sekereke yakamiswa.
Methodius akatogara akapedzisira apedzisira mumhedziso panguva yemamongi. MuRoma Papa John Viii akabatsira kuva vakasununguka, vaitaridza kurambidzwa paLiturgy kusvika Methousus mutorongo. Nekudaro, kuti usapunzire mamiriro ezvinhu, John akarambidza kunamatwa muchiSlavic. Mharidzo chete ndisina kuranga mutemo.
Asi kusiya kubva paTesaroniki pakutya kwake nengozi kwakapfuurira kuvanzika pachivande masevhisi mune slavic. Panguva imwecheteyo, Bhishopi wechibhishowa akabhabhatidza muchinda weCzech, izvo zvakazoonekwa zvishoma padare muRoma. Nekudaro, rombo rakanaka zvakashamisika Methodius - Haana kungopukunyuka chirango, uye akawanawo nzombe yePapa uye mukana wekutungamira unonamatira mune slavic. Nguva pfupi Rufu rusati rwagona kushandura Testamende Yekare.
Kugadzira abc
Hama kubva kuTesaronikiv rakapinda munhau sevagadziri vemavara eSlavic. Nguva yechiitiko - 862 kana 863 gore. Kirill uye hupenyu hwaMethodius anopokana kuti zano rakazvarwa rakadzoserwa muna 856, apo hama dzaine vadzidzi Angelairia, Naum uye Clement yakagadziriswa paGomo reOlympus muPolychron monastery. Apa Methodius akashanda se Abbot.
Kunyorwa kwearufabheti kunonzi Kirill, uye chii chaizvo, chinosara chakavanzika. Masayendisiti anofarira chiito, chinoratidzwa nemavara makumi matatu nemasere ayo ane. Kana iri cyrillic, yaive yakabatanidzwa neakango ohrid. Nekudaro, kunyangwe izvi zvirizvo, mudzidzi achiri kushandisa mashandiro aKirill - akaatsa ruzha rwerimi, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kana uchigadzira kunyora.
Nheyo dzearufabheti dzakashanda seGreek tyline, mavara akafanana akafanana, saka chiito chakavhiringidzwa neyekumabvazuva alphabets. Asi nekuda kwekuratidzwa kweruzha chairo, tsamba dzechiJudha dzakatora, semuenzaniso, "sh".
Rufu
Konstantin-kukwira parwendo rwekuenda kuRome yakarova chirwere chakasimba, uye musi waFebruary 14, 869 akafa - nhasi muCatholic waizivikanwa sezuva revatsvene. Muviri wakatengesa ivhu muchechi yeRoma cheClement dzvene. Kirill aisada kuti hama irambe ichidzokera kumamongi kuMoravia, uye kufa kusati kwatanga, zvaive zvakafanira:
"Pano, hama yangu, takanga ndinemwi kagumi nenhamba, takarima furamu rimwe, uye ndinowira pasi sango, ndopedza zuva rangu. A, kunyangwe iwe uchida gomo, asi kwete mafuru nekuda kwegomo kuti ubve chikoro chako, kuti chii chimwe chaungawana ruponeso zvirinani? "Methodius akapona hama yehungwaru kwemakore gumi nematanhatu. Rufu rumwe rukuru, rwakazvaraira kuti vaverenge Chechi kuti riverenge mharidzo. Mupristi akafira paPalm Svondo Kubvumbi 4, 885. Methodiyo akatiza mumitauro mitatu - chiGiriki, chiLatin uye, chokwadika, slavic.
Pamambo yedare reSpost Yakatsiva makomo evadzidzi, uyezve zvese zvevatsvene zvevaende vakatanga kuhukura. MuMoravia, shanduro dzemitambo dzakarambidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, vateveri nevadzidzi vakavhura kuvhima - vakatevera, vakatengeswa muuranda uye vakatotengeswa. Chikamu chevateveri vakamhanyira kunyika dzinotevera musuwo. Uye zvakadaro Tsika yeSlavic yakazvipira, iyo nzvimbo yebhuku resangano rakatamira kuBulgaria, uye kubva ipapo kuenda kuRussia.
Vasande vanofarira vadzidzisi vanonamatwa kumadokero uye kumabvazuva. MuRussia, zororo rakagadzwa mundangariro yeiyo feat yehama - Musi waMay 24, zuva rekunyora uye tsika dzetsika dzinopembererwa.
Ndangariro
Dzimba
- 1869 - Kuwanikwa kwemusha weMetitiyivka pedyo novorossiyyk
Zvivakwa
- Chamambo kuna Cyril naMettius patambo Bridge muSkopje, Makedonia.
- Mongwe kuenda kuKirill uye Methodius muBelgrade, Serbia.
- Mongwe kuenda kuCyril naMettius in Khanty-Mansiyk.
- Chiverengero mukukudza Kirill naMethodius muTesaroniki, Greece. Chitambi muchimiro chechipo chakaendeswa kuGreece neChurch yeBulgaria Orthodox.
- Chifananidzo mukukudza Kirill naMethodius vasati vavakwa kwerudzi rweNational Library ye Satril Cyril naMethodius muSofia, Bulgaria.
- Basilica kukwira kweMhandara Maria naSatril Cyril naMethodius muTellegrada, Czech Republic.
- Chiverengero mukukudza Kirill naMethodius, vakatangwa pamberi pekuvakwa kweNational Palace yeMuzinda weSofaa muSofia, Bulgaria.
- Chivakwa kuna Cyril naMethodius muPrague, Czech Republic.
- Chivakwa kuna Cyril naMettius muOhrid, Makedonia.
- Cyril naMethodius vanoratidzwa pane 1000th timu yeRussia Monument muVelky novgorod.
Mabhuku
- 1835 - nhetembo "kirllo-metiyada", Jan Halle
- 1865 - "Cyril - Mefodievsky Unganidzo" (yakarongedzwa naMikhail pogodin)
- 1984 - "Khazaro Duramazwi" 198, Milorad Pavice
- 1979 - "Hondo dzeShongwe", Slav Karasiravoavo
Mafirimu
- 1983 - "Konstantin Muzivi"
- 1989 - "Hama Hondo Solong"
- 2013 - "Cyril naMethodius - Vapositora Vanonoka"