Biography
Muapostora Petro - Hama Andrei vakatanga kudanwa, mumwe wevadzidzi gumi nevaviri vaJesu Kristu, maererano nemakongi eChechi yeKaturike - papa yekutanga. Muchiochiratidzo chechiKristu chinoratidzwa nemuchengeti weParadhiso.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Haasi zvese chokwadi che biography yehunhu hwenhoroondo dzinozivikanwa kune vazukuru. Saka nezvezuva rekuzvarwa kwemupostori Petro unogona kungofungidzira chete. Asi muetsika dzeEvhangeri, chiratidzo chenzvimbo yacho chakachengetedzwa kwaigara muGarireya, muGarireya, guta diki riri munharaunda yePalestine. Nzvimbo yeGarireya yaive mberi kupfuura kubva kuJerusarema. Aimbova vahedheni zvakanyanya mundima yayo, akazova boka rekutanga raPetro.
Pakuzvarwa, muapostora akagamuchira zita rekuti Simoni. Zita raPetro, rinobva kuGreek rinoshandurirwa se "dombo", rinonzi Jesu kuti azvidyike, achireva mumuteveri chaiye wekudzidzisa hwaro hweChechi.
Peter aive akaroora nemujanisi weMuApostora Bhanabhasi, akasimudza mwanasikana nemwanakomana. Ndakawana basa rakareruka uye risingazivikanwe - ndakabata hove pane genniset lake. Basa risina kuunza mari yakawanda yaida kutsungirira uye moyo murefu.
Muevhangeri yaMateu uye kubva kuna Johane, nyaya dzakasiyana siyana dzekuti Petro akasangana naJesu uye sei mukudzidzisa kwake.
Maererano nerimwe vhezheni, Hama Andrei vakaunza kuna Jesu Simoni, uyo akazova mudzidzi waJohani Mubhabhatidzi uye akadzidza kubva kuna Mesia. Jesu, akatarisa kuna Simoni, akamudaidza Kofoiki (chiAramaic - "dombo", Peter - chiGiriki). Dombo - Anotenda Kutenda Kwakaivakwa Chechi.
Zvinoenderana nedzimwe, Ishe vakawana hama panguva yekubata hove, pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, ndokuvhura mashoko acho.
"Nditevere. Ndichakuita mukombe. "Jesu airatidza chirevo chakadzama chemutswa nekuzadza mipheto yehove yechikepe chechikepe chechikepe peter naAndrei.
Vatsvagiri havaone kupesana pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri. Vanotenda kuti Mateu akatarisa pahupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo vanoita basa rakaoma. Johani paakasimbisa kuti kunamata kwake kwaishamisa kumusangano naShe, vaiteerera mharidzo uye vakagadzirira kuuya kwaMesiya.
Ushumiri hwechiKristu
Peter haana kungoerekana aita basa revaapositori, haana chokwadi mikana yake uye simba raIshe. Magwaro Matsvene anounzwa kumupostori semunhu ari nyore, nekuchiva kwavo uye kushaya simba. Kuti uwane rudo uye kuzvipira, Jesu Kristu akabvumira Peter kazhinji kupfuura vamwe, kuvaratidza.
St. Peter ndiye ega wevadzidzi uyo, akadzidza Ishe Jesu Kristu, uyo akapfuura nepakati pegungwa, akaenda kunosangana nemvura, asi akafunga kubatsirwa kweMudzidzisi uye akatanga kunyura, asi akaponeswa naIshe Iye akamutuka muMalivia.
Jesu paakafanotaura nezve kutambudzika kuri kuuya, Petro akamira uye apa, achiti hazvigoneke. Muapostora akanyengerera Kristu kuti asiyane, nekuti "muedzo waPetro" uye Satani "sezvaaifunga" kwete nezveshoko rekuti Mwari, asi murume iyeye. " Mutsvene Petro akamuteerera akamutaurira uye zvakadaro haana kusiya Kristu.
Peter, kunyangwe aigara achibvumidza kutsamwa kwekutambudzika kutora kumusoro, kwaigara pedyo, pamwe nevaapostora Johane naJakobho, denderedzwa revadzidzi. Jesu akatsaurira Petro mune zvakavanzika zvehupenyu hwake. Muapostora wakatsaura kubwinya kwaMwari putsa kufarirwa, minamato mumunda webindu, simba ramwari mukumuka kwaKristu mwanasikana waJairi.
Uyezve, Petro akazova iye oga, apo mubvunzo waJesu, uyo unosangana naye, pasina kunonoka, akapindura kuti: "Ndiwe Kristu, Mwanakomana waMwari Zhavago, nekudaro akataura mukuru wokutenda.
Shanduko yehupenyu hwaSt. Peter, zvakare mumwe chete wevaapositori, aimbova kudzoreredza makore matatu kubva kuMwanakomana waMwari. Mushure mekutengeswa kwaJudha, Jesu akasungwa ndokubvunzurudzwa mumba memupristi mukuru. Vanhu vatatu kubva kuvashandi vakaona muapostora uye vakati ndiye mumwe wevadzidzi vaKristu. Peter, anotya, nekuti hupenyu hwake, akapindura chirevo chega chega kuti aisaziva Jesu. Panguva iyoyo, jongwe rinodanwa kwazvo, musande akarangarira chiporofita chemudzidzisi uye nemisodzi yakabuda mumba, ichikwira zvikuru muchiitiko.
Vamwe vevadzidzi vebhaibheri, maitiro emuapostora pamashoko evashandi anodudzirwa sekuratidzwa kwekushaya simba kwemweya wemunhu, uye ganda rejongwe - senzwi raMwari, risingarapi kuzorora uye rinogara richirangarira nezvazvo kuchena kwehana.
Nemuenzaniso wake, yekutanga yevaApostora yakaona kuti zviri nyore sei kuti uve wekupedzisira. Asi Ishe akaregerera mudzidzi anodiwa paakapfidza katatu, akapedzisira atendeuka katatu, akapa boka racho uye akapa boka, nemamwe mazwi - kudzidzisa vanhu vekutenda kwechiKristu.
Uyezve, Kristu, akange atadza zvakakura, akabvuma kiyi dzeUmambo hwekudenga, achigadzira murevereri pakati pevanhu uye Mwari, zvave zvichiratidza kodzero yekusarudza kuti mweya yavo ive yakakodzera kusvika ikoko. Saka, inosimbiswa kuti kuburikidza nekutendeuka, chokwadi chinodzidziswa uye nemasuwo eParadhiso.
Mushure mekumuka kunoshamisa, Kristu akatanga kutanga kutenda. Mushure mekukwira kweMuponesi, Petro, sokuva kukuru pakati pevaapositori, vakava Mudzidzisi wekutanga uye muparidzi weIzwi raMwari.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mushambadzi akanyatsonzwisisa kuti nekuda kwerudo uye kutenda kwaizofanira kudzikama uye nehupenyu, kurovererwa kweMwanakomana waMwari, kwaakacherekedza - muenzaniso wakajeka. Rufu rweMartyr rwakanga rwakaita rudzi rwemamiriro emupostori. Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Petro akawana simba rinoshamisa, rakafanana neiyo inoshamisa kumudzidzisi wake.
Mushure mezviitiko zveMugodhi Pentekosti, apo, pamwe nevamwe vadzidzi, Petro akagamuchira nyasha dzemweya mutsvene, muapostora akatanga hushumiri. Kutenda kumharidzo dzake dzekutanga, zviuru zvitatu zvakabatana nenharaunda yechiKristu.
Akashanduka kuita muparidzi asinganeti uye asina musoro wedzidziso yeevhangeri, akatanga kuratidza zvishamiso: Muroora akaroora Anania akaurayiwa muShoko renhema, akamutsa musikana anonzi Tabif, akati asangana neTembere yeChrome, akadzoka mukana wekuenda.
Kunyangwe mumvuri wokusateerera: Muapostora pavakayambuka mugwagwa, varwere vakatorwa mudzimba kuitira kuti mumvuri ukawira pamusoro pavo hwaiporesa. Rini, nekurongeka kwamambo, Mutsvene Peter akapinda mutirongo, mutumwa akauya husiku ndokusunungura muapostora kubva pamhedziso.
Pakutanga Petro akaparidza pakati pevaJudha. Asi pakazaruro akaenda kumupostori, vanhu vakauya nenyaya inoshamisa kuti ngirozi yakauya kune imwe yechihedheni uye yakarairwa kukoka Simononi, anonzi Petro.
"Achataura mazwi amuchaponeswa uye imba yenyu yose."Sainthane nhau nevamwe vaapositori, izvo zvaaiona sechiratidzo kuti kutendwa muna Kristu haangove pakati pevaJudha chete, asiwo mamwe mahedheni. Muchihedheni wekutanga akabhabhatidzirwa aive iye Sotnilius uye nhengo dzemhuri yake.
Kunyange zvakadaro, muapostora Pauro akazotaura kuti "akapiwa muevhangeri vasina kudzingiswa sezvakaita Petro paakadzingiswa." Yakatangwa kuti Peter, inotungamirwa kubva kuGarirea, yakanga yakaoma kumitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, iyo yakataurwa nevamiriri vevanhu vakasiyana vanogara kumabvazuva kweMediterranean. Naizvozvo, kukwirira kuchiKristu hakusi maJuda - basa raPauro.
Vanyori venhoroondo vechechi vane nhanhatu vaapositori vanofamba Peter. Muapostora waiparidzwa muJudhiya neSamaria (Siriya yemazuva ano yeRwizi rweJoridhani), Syria neAndiyoki (izwi rekuti "maGirke, muGirisi, muGiriki, vatatu neVapurini. Vadzidzi vakatendeka zvakanyanya Pyotr vakabviswa phishops.
Ngano inoti, ichibva kuJerusarema, muapositori aigara muguta risingaperi makore makumi maviri, kwaakananga kuchechi. Kuva muRoma, Mutsvene Peter aisiyaniswa naSimon-vhiri, kwete nemoyo wakachena wekubhabhatidzwa uye akazvipa iye Kristu. Muzvinongedzo uye mini huru-Chengi, zviito zvakataurwa naSimoni naPetro muchiratidzo chesimba ravo. Achibatsirwa nemunamato, Kristu akapostora akasimudza jaya kubva mujaho wehumambo, Simono akakwanisa kumumanikidza kuti atendeuke musoro wake.
Sezvakarairwa nemutauro mutsvene, imbwa yaive yakajeka. Ipapo Simoni, achityisidzira vanhu veRome, akavimbisa kukwidza kudenga uye akaiita nerubatsiro rwemauto emadhimoni. Peter akashandisawo rubatsiro kuna Jesu, achinamata kuti madhimoni anosiya mweya. Simon akawa uye akarova. Uye vagari veRoma, avo vakaona zviitiko, vakatenda Mwari asina kuroorwa anoparidzwa naPetro.
Mune mameseji kune vatendeuki, iwo mutsvene haana kuedzwa kuti usatya kutyisidzira nekutambudzwa, kuti varegedze maporofita, kufumura misimboti yerusununguko rwechiKristu uye vanoramba kukosha kweMuponesi .
Mharidzo dzeSt. Pita harisi kungofunga, asi mirayiridzo yepamoyo yakatsanangurwa mumutauro wakareruka. Muapostora anodana ruremekedzo nekuremekedzana, kuda pedyo, nekuti rudo runotangisa zvivi, utye Mwari, kwete zvekupinda mumumwe munhu.
"Kana vamwe venyu chete, semhondi, kana mbavha, kana kuti villain, kana seyekupindira, kana kuti sedzimba; Uye kana semuKristu, saka usaunganidze, asi kurumbidza Mwari nekuda kweizvozvo.Makore zviuru zviviri zvemakore, achireva minyengetero yemifananidzo yeramende kuAramai, vanhu vanobvunzwa kuomerwa mukutenda, nezvekudzokera kuLoeno yeChechi mumapepa, vachidzosera uye kurapa kubva pazvirwere.
Rufu
Roma yakava nzvimbo yekupedzisira yeupenyu hwepasi remuapostora Petro. Nezve chokwadi chekuti rufu chakamirira ngirozi mutsvene, uye Peter akaziva nhau nekutenda. Nerubatsiro rwemupostori muna Kristu, varongo vavanofarira vehumambo naRero vanofungidzirwa uye vakasarudza kuitisa mararamiro akachena. Nekuraira mutongi weRoma Petro akabata.
Muapostora akanyengerera muurayi kuti arovererwe musoro wake, nekuti akazviona asina kukodzera kufa seMwanakomana waMwari. Naizvozvo, yakanyorwa mufundisi inonzi petrovsky muchinjiko. Zuva rakateedzerwa rerufu rweMusande - June 29 padarenda raJulian. Mutsvene Peter akavigwa padanho reiyo Vatican Hill nemudzidzi weiyo mudzidzisi clitime.
Nyaya yakachengetedzwa, iyo, usati waita mumaoko evaRoma, Petro akafunga kubva muguta, asi munzira akave nechiratidzo chaKristu. Muapostora akabvunza kwaaive akananga, uye akagamuchira mhinduro yekuti Muponesi anoenda kuRoma kuzomupa zvakare. Petro akanyadziswa akadzoka.
Kune iyo Russian Orthodox Church, Zuva rePetrov rinowira musi waChikunguru 12. Masevhisi akakosha anoitwa mumakereke: Zuva risati rasvika - iyo-yehusiku kushusha, mangwanani - liturgy. Avo vanoshuva vari kuuya kuna Kristu makapurika. Pazuva rino, petrovsky Guliagy akatanga pazuva iri, achiwedzera zuva rekuyeuka, Peter naPavel Ryabinniki vakakudzwa munaGunyana 23.
Ndangariro
- 1511-1544 - Rafaeri, "zvinoshamisa kukundikana kumuapostora Petro kubva kuTomnov"
- 1592 - El Greco, "Tevhizhiso Peter naPaul"
- 1601 - Caravaggio, "Kurovererwa kweSt Peter"
- 1610-1612 - Rubens, "mupostori Peter"
- 1626 - St. Peter Cathedral muRoma
- 1703 - Guta re St. Petersburg ("Peter")
- 1732 - Cathedral of Peter naPaul muSt. Petersburg
- 1762 - Gabriel Kozlov, "muapostora Petro anodzoserwa kubva kuna Kristu"
- 1888 - Church yeMuapostora Petro muJaffa (Israel)
- 1910 - Nikolai Gumilev, "Gedhi reParadhiso"
- 1962 - Cathedral yeNunoIKE (Japan)
- 1990 - Washington Cathedral (Cathedral yeVainotenda Peter naPaul)