Biography
Apostora Johane, akazonzi John reology wezvechitendero, aionekwa semudzidzi waKristu anonyanya kudikanwa. Jesu akagovera chibayiro uye kuchena kwemweya kwaJohani, uye maererano nekwaive naJohn mumwe weanonyanya kutaura na Kristu wevaapositori.
Ishe amene anonzi Johwani Mujeri " Iye achinzwa kudanwa kweMuponesi, mukomana akabva mumba, akamhanyisa kumuparidzi. NdiJohani waiva pakudya kwekupedzisira kwaKristu akawira muchipfuva chaJesu, uye gare gare mumavhesi emabhuku akaratidza kuti Ishe anoziva rudo.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mabhuku echechi anopokana kuti mavambo aJohani achiri Mambo David. Murume wemurume wemhandara wakaropafadzwa weMhandara weMhandara waMary Joseph Joseph Josefa mwanasikana Salome, uyo akaroora Zezeda. Salome naZezizira vaive nevanakomana vaviri: Jakobho naJohwani.
Maka yeevhangeri inotaura muMagwaro kuti Johane ane mukoma naJaini baba vaiva kubata hove kubva muchikepe kana kudanwa kwaKristu. Hama dzakasiya dzichibata uye Baba uye dzakatevera Ishe. Ruka muMagwaro anokwana kuti vaapositori vachangobva kuitwa vairipo mukubata hove kunoshamisa kwazvo kwehove uye vakasvikirwa, vakatendeukira kuMuponesi. Yunihi hapana chinguva chisina kujeka sarudzo yakakwana: Vakasiya zvese zvavaiva nazvo, uye vakatevera mudzidzisi.
Zvekusuwa, pfungwa yakanyanya yekururamisira uye nyanzvi dzavanhu veShoko raKristu inonzi John The Cologvo "mwanakomana waThuni." Izvi zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka muShe wepfumbamwe, kufamba kwekupedzisira kwaIshe panyika yeGarirea, Jesu aida kuenda kuJerusarema, asi zvisati zvaitika Akatuma munhu anodheedzera kumusha weSamaryhani.
Nekudaro, vagari vemo vanogara havana kugamuchira Muponesi. Ipapo Johwani nemunun'una wake zvaJakobho vakabvunza Kristu kana vakakwanisa kudaira moto kubva kudenga uchiita chirango chemusha wemagariro, asi Jehovha wakamisa vaapositori, nekuti Jesu anotakura ruponeso kuvanhu, uye kwete kuna Kara.
Muapostora Johani, pamwe chete naHama Jacob, vainyanya kuse pedyo naPetro uye vaionekwa sevanotarisana naIshe.
Ushumiri hwechiKristu
Pane imwe nyika paGungwa reGarirea, Kristu akaverenga Mharidzo yevanhu. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Luda akaenda kuna Jesu Sachigaro weiyo Sinagogi Yemunharaunda yeiyo Iair, uyo akataura kuti Muponesi kuti mwanasikana wake aive pasi porufu. Jehovha akaenda kumukunda weJairi kuti amuporese. Vari munzira yeimba yeJair, bulletin yakaudza Kristu kuti musikana akafa, asi Jesu akamuka akamutsa musikana. Vatatu chete vevaapositori gumi nevaviri chete ndivo vaiva zvapupu kubva pane ichi chiratidzo: Petro, Jacob naJohani.
Mukuwedzera, John wezvechitendero wezvechitendero - ndiye ega kubva kuvaApostora, aive muchinjiro wekupa hupenyu. Ikoko, Jesu akarayira Johani kuti atarisire mhandara, Maria saamai vake.
Netsika inotendwa kuti Johane vadzidzi vechitendero vakava Munyori wemabhuku mashanu eTestamente Itsva. Bhuku rechina reTestamente Itsva rinonzi Evhangeri yaJohani, kunyangwe masayendisiti areva kusava nechokwadi nezvenyonganiso yebhuku racho. Kwenguva yakareba, Johane akasarudza mharidzo dzemuromo, asi apedza kunyora vhangeri rairo raMako naRuka John, ndakatangawo kubvunza nezvemabasa ekutanga emudzidzisi, waaipondedzera mubhuku rake.
Gare gare, kune vatendi vazhinji, "yekutanga yeCathedral meseji yemupostori mutsvene weMupostori mutsvene Johane wezvechitendero" zvakanyorwa, izvo zvakabatanidzwawo muTestamente Itsva. Sezvineiwo, iri bhuku zvakare harunawo mumunyori, kunyangwe richinzi Johane The Socialian. Tora bhuku racho pane kunyorwa kwemupostori Johane inobvumira maitiro ekutaura, kushandiswa kwemitsara nepfungwa, sekufunga, sekufunga, seVhangeri yaJohani. Iri bhuku riri kufambidzana nezve gore rechi 90 reNguva yedu.
Iri bhuku raive rakavakirwa pane dingindira rerudo mune pfungwa yayo yakawandisa. Mukuwedzera, muapostora Johani anoratidza Jesu seshoko raMwari. Chitsauko che5 chebasa chine chekutanga munhoroondo yeChristian Bhaibheri kutaura nezveUtatu anotevera kutaura: "Baba, Shoko neMweya Mutsvene", Jesu) muIzwi.
Nekudaro, vatsvagiri vakadzidza "meseji yekutanga yeMupostori mutsvene waJohani" inoratidza kuti pfungwa iyi haisi yemunyori, asi inoisa yakawanikwa gare gare kuitira kuti isabvumire dzidziso yeUtatu. Pamapeji e "mameseji" munyori akaedza kuburitsa pfungwa huru yevaMwari uye vaine mwari uye rudo.
Kunyora kwebhuku pfupi pfupi yeTestamente Itsva zvakare ndezve naiJohani. Iri bhuku rinonzi "iro rechipiri reCathedral meseji yemupostori mutsvene Johane boooslov". Kupiwa kuti pamapeji e "mameseji", munyori anoreva nezvechembere, uye basa revagari vezana ramakore rekutanga rezuva rimwe kubva kuma 90s, vanobvumira masayendisiti kuti vataure Iri bhuku kune zvakanyorwa nemuapostora Johani.
Mune zvazvinoreva uye zviripo, iyo yechipiri "meseji" inodzokorora yekutanga, asi mune yakawanda yakapfupikiswa fomu. Iri basa rerudo rwekushamwaridzana pakati pevaKristu uye kudanwa ndiko kutya kukuvadza kwenhema. Kunyatsotarisisa kunobhadharwa kune kutsaurwa kwe "tsamba" "anodikanwa Mai", asi vaongorori vanobvuma kuti pasi pezita rimwe chete rinoreva nharaunda yechiKristu.
"Mharidzo yechitatu yeCathedral yemuapostora mutsvene weMupostori Mutsvene weMupostori mutsvene Johane" kazhinji, anodzokorora mabhuku apfuura uye maitiro, uye pamisoro. Zvinokosha kuti munyori wezvenhau weRoma Ereevei Cesarian, achirondedzera nhoroondo yeChechi yeChristian, haambonongera kuvapo kweTestamente Itsva ye "chechitatu yeCity meseji yeMupostori Mutsvene Jojosla."
Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwebhuku iri kwehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi4 yeguva redu, mushure mekunge Radican Cathedra iri pazvinhu zveManeja emana eChechi uye neChristian. Kunyanya, kutonga kwechi59 kunorambidzwa kuverenga mabhuku emabhaibheri asina kubatanidzwa muBhaibheri reTestamende Yekare neTestamente Itsva. Pane iri mune yakapihwa Mutemo Wakatevera, "wechitatu weCity meseji yemupostori mutsvene Johane muBogoslov" akaonekwa. Nekudaro, mune kunyorwa kwebhuku, vaongorori vasingafungisiki.
Uyezve, "yechitatu yeCathedral Mharidzo yemupostori mutsvene weMupostori mutsvene Johane" inozvitsaurira kwete kune dzimwe nharaunda dzechiKristu kazhinji, asi zvakananga, Gaia. Nekudaro, hunhu hwaGaia, iro bhuku rakazvipira harina kusimbiswa. Zvakare, kanopfuura kamwe chete mu "meseji" akataura imwe Diotref, iyo inogara chinzvimbo chepamusoro muchechi. Zviito zveDiotref, uyo asina kugamuchira maKristu anodzungaira uye achivhundutsa maKristu ekutonga "ekutonga" kusvika pakutsamwa kubva kuChechi, Johane wezvechitendero chakapihwa mhosva.
Peru Johane mudzidzisi wezvechitendero ndezve "bhuku raZvakazarurwa raJesu Kristu", rinozivikanwa se "apocalypang saJohani" kana "Zvakazarurwa aJohani Boooslov". Iri basa rinopedzisa sungano itsva. Kusiyana nemabhuku ese ekare aJohani, apocalypse inoratidza chinyorwa chezviitiko zvinozotangira kuuya kwaJesu Kristu pasi pano. Pakati pezviitiko zvakadaro, munyori anotaura nezvezvose zvakasikwa zvakaipa (kuderedza moto kubva kudenga, nezvimwewo) nezviratidzo (zvibodzwa zvevatumwa, kumuka kwevakafa).
Zvakare muApocalypse, Munyori anopfuura zita rake - John, uye zvakare kutaura nezvezviitiko zvaakapupurira. Kugara pachitsuwa chidiki chiGreek chePatmosi muGungwa reAegean, John akanzwa kubva kumashure kwezwi, akaraira kuti anyore mubhuku raive rakaonekwa. Panyaya iyi, kunyorwa kweApocalypse dzimwe nguva kunoratidza John Patos, izvo, zvakadaro, zvinozivikanwa naJohani wezvechitendero wezvechitendero.
Zvakangodaro, vatsvagiri vanopokana nezve kunyorwa kwe "zvakazarurirwa", sezvo chimiro nemutauro webhuku zvisike zvakanyanya kubva ku "Cathedral Missals" neevhangeri. Nekudaro, Hilpupolitan Hilarion anotsanangura chokwadi ichi kuti munyori akatarisana nechido chekunyora nezvechokwadi cheTestamente Itsva nemutauro nezviratidzo kubva kuTesitamende yekare.
Mukuwedzera, vafundisi veGerman vanoongorora madhora Wilhelm akaongorora zvinyorwa, semhedzisiro yeiyo syntax uye lexical turnver inoenderana nezvinyorwa zvekutanga zvaJohani, nekudaro vachisimbisa kuraira kwake. Akabvumirana neBouss uye muongorori weRussia akashanda pakududzirwa kwezvinyorwa zveMagwaro Matsvene, Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin.
Vanotsvagurudza vemazuva ano vachiri kukoka chokwadi chekuti "apocalyps yaJohani" yakanyorwa neiyo Johane wezvechitendero. Nekudaro, mubhuku reChirungu yeRussian Orthodox Church yeAlexander Vladimirovich yakazobatanidzwa mumufananidzo mumwe chete.
Nhoroondo dzeBiography yaJohane The Socialian yakazozivikanwa kubva kumarudzi eChechi. Mushure mekufa kweMhandara Mariya John akava muparidzi, achifamba nemumawa eMalaya Asia, achiperekedzwa nemudzidzi anonzi prokhor. Kupiwa kuti kuparidza kwaJohane mudzidzisi wezvechitendero kwaiwanzo kuperekedzwa nezvishamiso zvakatarisana nechiKristu zvakawedzera.
Kana mambo weRoma nerin akatanga kushusha maKristu, John akasungwa ndokutumirwa kuRoma. Dare rakafunga kuita Muparidzi, zvisinei, vanonwa uturu, Johane akaramba ari mupenyu. Ipapo vatongi vakasarudza kudyara muapostora mumabhii anoyevedza, asi ipapo Johane wezvechitendero wezvechitendero vakaramba vasina kukuvadzwa. Ipapo murume mukuru akatumirwa kuchitsuwa chePatmosi pagungwa reAegean, achiperekedzwa nomudzidzi.
Chikepe chakapfuura naJohane nemudzidzi uye valmazby yaive mudutu, uye jaya rakanakisa rakawa kunze kwenyika. Muapostora uyu akanyengeterera kwenguva yakareba nezve rima rejaya, uye mamaisa mafungu akamutakura semhenderekedzo yevapenyu uye vasina kukuvadzwa.
Kusvika pachitsuwa ichi, muapostora Johane akashanduka kuita chiKristu vazhinji vagari, vachipedza kupora kunoshamisa kwakazorora, uye akadzinga madhimoni etemberi etemberi anowanikwa pachitsuwa ichi. Paive nemuparidzi nemudzidzi wake mubako ari kure kubva kuvanhu uko munamato wacho. Ikoko, John, Ioann akanzwa izwi raIshe, uyo akaraira kuti anyore mabhuku kuna Mwari. Pachitsuwa ichi, muroyi wemuno waKinops, uyo akatengesa vagari muchihedheni. Mushure memunamato waJohani mafungu ezvechitendero wegungwa reAegean zvachose akanyungudika Kinsa, uye vakasara veko vakagamuchira chiKristu.
Rufu
Pakupera kwezana ramakore rekutanga, John akadzoka kubva kuReference, uye anenge gore regumi akafa. Kwenguva yakareba, Johane wezvechitendero wedzinza akaramba ari oga mupostori, uyo akaona Jesu, vamwe vaapostora vakatora kuurayirwa zvakanyanya pakutanga.Ndangariro
Muhupenyu hwaJohani mudzidzi wezvechitendero vakakudzwa muchechi. Saka, pane Iro "Johane wezvechitendero munyaririri" muapostora anonyarara aine ngirozi inomutumira shoko raIshe, uye pane zvikwangwani zvemagasi eOrthodox zvevasande, SEAR inoratidzwa negondo rinomiririra kupukuta yepfungwa yemupostori.
Pakati pemahoro emupostori Johane, tsika dzechechi dziri kutaura nezvekumutswa kwaJohani wemuJounys yeDoma uye baba veDioscarid yake. Uyezve, pamutambo akazvitsaurira kuna mwari wechihedheni Artemis, Johane akapomera vakaunganidzwa mukunamatwa kwezvifananidzo uye akadana misoro yavo kupisa pamisoro yavo, uye seiko vanhu mazana maviri vakafa. Kutenda uye kuda kwemupostori kwakamutswa uye vakagamuchira chiKristu.
Ndangariro yemupostori Johane The Sodologiya inokudzwa muna Chivabvu 8 naJune 30 gore. Zororo iri rinobereka zita rekateri yevaapositori gumi nevaviri. Musi waSeptember 26, Johane The Sologan (Katurike musi waZvita 27) anopembererwa muOrthodoxy. Pazuva rekurangarira kweJohani mudzidzi wezvechitendero, vanonamata vanobatwa, uye vanopisa zvakare neuwandu, vachivhenekera nzira yekudenga, iyo kenduru mukuyeuka kwemupostori. Basa revafundisi rangarira hupenyu hwaJohn The cologo uye kupa mbiri yake fora.