Biography
Chiniz Aitmatov ichiri yave yakataurwa classic yemabhuku epasi rose. Akanyora muchiRussia uye Kyrgyz, mabasa ake akashandurwa kupfuura mitauro inopfuura 150. Iyo prostic yechokwadi yemunyori inoumbwa nepfungwa dzemuviri uye nerudo rukuru rwezvinhu zvese zvipenyu: kuvanhu, mhuka dzesango, zvirimwa zvepasi rose.
Munyori wevanhu Kyrgyzstan naKazakhstan. Laureate yeLenin Mubairo uye matatu mamiriro ehurumende eUSSR, iyo European yekuverenga uye yepasi rose mubairo wainzi Javaharlala nehru. Muna 2007, akagamuchira mubairo wepamusoro wehurumende yeTurkey yekupa kwake kukudziridzwa kwetsika dzenyika inotaura Turkic. Muchirimo cha2008, Turkey yakatanga kuita kuti tishandise munyori kuenda kumubairo weNobel mubairo, asi hauna nguva.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
GENGHICH Tash Aitmatov akaberekwa musi waDecember 12, 1928 mumhuri yeCommunisiti Torkeeva Aitmatovna) mumusha weKara Mushure mekuzvarwa kwaGendai, mhuri iyi yakatamira kuguta, sezvo Baba vakatanga kuuka: Kubva 1929, basa reTorkelah Aitmatov riri kukurumidza kukwira.
Muna 1933, atove nemunyori wechipiri wekomiti yeKyrgyz yedare reWCP (B). Muna 1935, mutungamiri wechidiki akazova mudzidzi wezvimedu matsvuku munhamba muMoscow, mhuri iyi yakatamira kuguta guru reUSSr. Pakati peino nguva, Nagima akabereka murume wake weMwanakomana waIligi, mapatya anotinhira naLucia (mukomana akafa mumucheche) nemwanasikana akasimuka. Muna 1937, pakuomerera kwemurume wake, Nagima khamzivna akatakura vana kuhama kuenda kumacheker.
Baba vemitemo yemunyaradzi vakasungwa munaSeptember 1937 pakufungidzira kweanorwisa-Soviet mamiriro echiitiko uye kusunga muBrunze (guta guru reSoviet kyrgyzstan). Mbudzi 5, 1938 yakapfurwa. Mukadzi we "muvengi wevanhu" akashamiswa mukodzero, asi vana vese vemushandi vezvematongerwo enyika vakadzvinyirira vakagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro uye vakapinda peji rimwe nerimwe munhoroondo.
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, varume vese vakuru vanoremerwa, uye vane makore gumi nemana, vane makore gumi nemana, vane vanhu vane hunyanzvi vanokwanisa uye vakatora chinzvimbo cheMunyori weAulov Council Council. Hondo yapera, jaya racho rakakwanisa kuenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake: Mushure mekunge varimi vasere, akapedza rukudzo kubva kuDzhaml
Mabhuku
Boka rekusika reMunyori rakatanga musi waApril 6, 1952 kubva ku "Kyrgyz Kyrgyzstan" rakabudiswa mupepanhau "Kyrgyzstan" pepanhau reJüido. Rugwaro rwekutanga rwehunyanzvi rweAitmatov vakanyora muchiRussia - mumwe wehama mbiri. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuInstitute muna 1953, GRGHIOR ZOOTachnik research Institute of LIVECOCK ROPTOCK THELT, Rambai kunyora nyaya muRussia uye Kyrgyz, mabhuku ekuburitsa muzvinyorwa zvemunharaunda.
Muna 1956, vakasarudza kuvandudza hunhu hwemunyori uye akaenda kuMoscow, kwaakapinda mumakosi epamusoro-soro. Mukufananidza nezvidzidzo zvakanyora zvakawanda. Watova muna June 1957, magazini yeAla-akaipisisa akaburitsa yekutanga nyaya yemunyori wechidiki "akatarisana." Mugore rimwe chetero, "Jamil" rakabudiswa - rinonakidza kuti nyaya yacho yakaita kuti munyori ave akakurumbira akabudiswa akatanga kushandurwa muchiFrench.
Literary Courses akapedza kudzidza muna 1958. Pakazosvika nguva yediploma, nyaya mbiri nenhau zvakabudiswa muchiRussia. Iyo yekutanga yeRoma Iitmatova ichasunungurwa muna 1980. Mubhuku racho "uye zuva rakareba rinogara pazuva" zviitiko zvechokwadi zvehupenyu hwechikamu chesimba nechinhu chinoshamisa chekusangana nevanhu vane hukama nemhando yekushamisika. Zvinoita sekunge kuti uwane nzwisiso nevatorwa vanhu zviri nyore pane kubvumirana pakati pavo.
Munyori akadzokera kumarudzi esainzi ngano pakati pegumi nenini, achinyora Tavro Kassandra - Nyaya yekugadzira vanhu vekunze. Mabasa akasara akanyorwa mumhando yechokwadi. MuSoviet Union, realism yaive yezvidyungwe, asi kuti vanhu vemo yeAitmatis haina musoro. Magamba ake anorarama uye anotambura zvechokwadi, kusashandukira kuva vavaki vane simba vecommunism.
Gamba guru re "White Steamer" riri kufa - mukomana anotenda mune ngano kana achiuraya nondo yake. Muzhinji, nzeve dzechivanhu uye ngano dzakakosha chikamu chezvirongwa zveAitmatov. Mystemlogical mifananidzo dzimwe nguva inobuda pachena kuti ive yakajeka yevakanyanya mavara. Kubva mungozi pamusoro peizvozvo zvinopindirana nehasha dzakavhundutsa vasungwa muvaranda, vakanyimwa rusununguko uye ndangariro, iro izwi uye pfungwa ye "Mankut" - murume akakanganwa midzi yake muRussia.
Yechipiri yeRoma Aitmatova, "Floha", inobuda muna 1986. Pakati peino nguva muUSSR, Mikhail Gorbachev akatanga kugadziridza, uye zvakazoitika kunyora nezvematambudziko epasi. Asi kunyangwe kurwa nemamiriro ezvinhu anotenderwa pachena "Floh" anogadzira mhedzisiro - iyo bhuku rinonzi Rinokura Mibvunzo Yakati Akawana Pakarepo, inotaura nezvekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, kuora, nezvekutenda nevashumiri vekereke.
Hupenyu Hwako
Iye munyori anoyemura runako rweminini uye anonzwisiswa zvakanyanyisa hunhu hunhu. Chiratidzo cheiyi chinoshumira chivimbika uye convex mifananidzo yakanyorwa yevakadzi mumabhuku eChingoza Aitmatov: Vashoma romantic Aselle ("Popolak ndeyangu muRed Kosynka"), vakachenjera kuna Tolgonai, uyo Vakarasikirwa nevanakomana vake muhondo, asi vachichengetedza runako rwemukati rwemweya ("Mai munda").
Vanenge basa rega rega kune mukadzi, kubva pakuonekwa kwairi pamapeji ebhuku anova akareruka mumweya pane hunhu hukuru kana muverengi. Uye muhupenyu hwemunyori, runako rwevakadzi rwaita basa rakakosha. Ndiine mukadzi wekutanga, Kerez Shamshibayeva, Chingez akasangana nepo achidzidza mukurima chirimwa. Musikana akadzidza kuChiremba Institute uye anofarirawo mabhuku.
Mushure mekuchikoro, iyo Keerez yakanakawo yakagamuchira kutungamirwa neyeMoscow Institute, asi mamiriro ekunyama haana kubvumira kubva. Kerez Shamshibayeva akazova chiremba akanaka kwazvo uye maneja, akashanda muhushumiri hwehutano hweKyrgyzstan. Ndakabereka vanakomana vaviri. Sanjar Changzovich akaberekerwa muna 1954, iye mutori venhau uye munyori, muzvinabhizinesi. Askar Changarivich mu1959, akava munyori wenhoroondo omuAriongedzeri, vanhu veruzhinji.
Mukunonoka makumi mashanu, chingoz aitmatov akasangana nerudo rukuru rwehupenyu hwake - Ballerina BybüchEar Bayhenealyev. Roman akatanga muLeningrad uye akatora makore gumi nemana. Vanoda havana kukwanisa kuroora: Nzvimbo yakakwira yeese inodikanwa kutevedzera tsika. Communist haana kungori kurambana nemukadzi wake kuti imba yake iite njiva yeUSSR, ichiteverwa nevanhu vekutanga veHurumende.
Zvakaitika mumunyori vakawana kubuda mumabasa ake. Zvinotambura nekuda kwekuda kusarudza pakati pemukadzi naTistress of tanabe mune nyaya "zvakanaka, gulsary." Anowira murudo nechirikadzi, chidimbu chebrown muchirume "uye zuva rakareba kwazvo." Mumabasa ese maviri, vakadzi vanoramba vachishingirira mutsika kupfuura gamba reLyrical, vakagadzirira kumhanyisa musoro werudo idzva.
Makumi mana emakore akatanga kubatana kwakavanzika, iyo yakawanda yevadzidzi yakaenda kuRepublic. BayShenalayeva's Buidhiyo yakafira muna Chivabvu 10, 1973 mushure meimwe nehafu makore ekurwisa kenza yemazamu. Makore makumi maviri gare gare, mukubatana neMinhtar Shahanov, Aitmatov Shahhanav, Kureurura pakupera kwezana remakore "(zita rechipiri remuvhimi racho rinotiza"), maari kutaura pachena nyaya yerudzi urwu.
Mukadzi wechipiri weChizawa Taichowich akava Maria Urmatovna. Pakazosvika nguva yekuongorora munyori ane mukurumbira, Maria akakwanisa kupedza chimiro cheVgika, kushanyira nekubereka mukunda we cholpon. Muwanano yechipiri, mwanakomana waEriar nemwanasikana, vakaberekerwa muroora. Elange Chingizovichidza kubva kuChikoro chehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi muBelgium, aive mugadziri uye muimbi, achitungamira museum of Aitmatov muBishkek.
Rufu
Chingiz Aitmatov mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu aive nechirwere cheshuga chirwere cheshuga, icho chisina kumutadzisa kutungamira hupenyu hwekuita. Muna 2008, munyori pagore ramakore reMigumo akaenda kuKazan pakupfura kwegwaro "uye zuva rakareba kwazvo rinogara zuva rekuti", iro raive rakamisikidzwa kuAnivers. PaSeti, munyori akatinetsa, kutonhora kwapfuura mune yakapinda pneumonia, akatanga kuramba itsvo.
Musi waMay 16, Aitmatova akaendeswa kuGermany kuenda kuGermany, asi vanachiremba havana kugona kuponesa murwere. Pana June 10, muNuremberg kiriniki, Gengaz Satkellich akafa, uye musi waChikumi 14, mariro akasarudzika uye mariro ezvinyorwa zvemabhuku akaitika. Kushungurudzika kwakaungana zvekuti vanhu vakati wandei vakawa kubva pamatanda anotungamira kumitambo yemitambo, pakanga pakamira mubhokisi rakamira nemuviri. Zvakatora rubatsiro rwemapurisa uye vanachiremba kuitira kuti vadzivise vanhu vanobatwa.
The enimiza Aitmatov yakavigwa kuAta Bait Cemetery ("vanhu Ohloa") mumugwagwa weBishkek. Nzvimbo iyi yakasarudza munyori iye amene kumashure mune makumi mapfumbamwe, apo mushure mekutsvaga kwenguva refu kukwanisa kuwana iyo yekuviga yekugeza yeiyo Shotamatov. Mugomba rehukuru, miviri yemaviri yakawanikwa paChon Tasha, iyo muna 1991 pamwe neanokudzwa yakarambwa kuAsa Baimi. Padivi paguva raBaba vaishuvira kuzorora uye chingaiz - munhu, uyo aive nezvakawanda kuratidza nezve zvakapfuura uye nezveramangwana.
BHAIBHERI
- 1952 - Pepanhau Judio
- 1957 - "Chiso Chakatarisana"
- 1957 - "Jamil"
- 1961 - Yangu tipelak muRed Kosynka "
- 1962 - "Mudzidzisi Wekutanga"
- 1963 - "Makeboard"
- 1966 - "Farai, Gulsary!"
- 1970 - "White Steamer"
- 1977 - "PEgii imbwa, kumhanyisa kumucheto kwegungwa"
- 1980 - "Akatambanudza mumwe-wake" ("uye akareba kupfuura zuva remakore")
- 1986 - "Flah"
- 1995 - "Planing muvhimi pamusoro pegomba rakadzika-dzika kana kureurura mumhedzisiro yezana remakore" mukubatana neMukhtar ShAHANOV
- 1996 - Tavro Kassandra
- 1998 - "Musangano nemumwe Bhaai"
- 2006 - "Kana makomo anowira pasi (mwenga asingaperi)"